The life of Edward earl of Clarendon, written by himself

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( o

THE

PREFACE.

THE Reader can dejire no better Recom^
mendation of the Hijiory no^v publijhedf than
to be ajfured that it is the genuine Work of
the great Earl of Clarendon. T^he Work itfelf
bears plain CbaraSlerifiicks of its Author. The
fame Dignity of Sentiment j and Style, which dif-
tinguijhes The History op the Rebellion,
and all other the Works of this noble Writer^
breathes through the whole of this Performance.

THE Reafonj why this Hijiory has lain fo
long concealed^ will appear from the * Title of itf
which Jhews that his Lordjhip intended it only for
the Information of his Children. But the late
Lord Hyde, judging that fo faithful and authen^
tick an Account of this interejiing Period of our
Hijiory would be an ufeful and acceptable Prejent
to the Publickf and bearing a grateful Remem-
brance of this Place of his Education^ left by his
Will this J and the other Remains of bis Great
Grandfather^ in the Hands of Trujieesj to be
printed at our Prefsy and direSied that the Profits
arifing from the Sale ftiould be employed towards
the eftablifhing a Riding-School in the Univerfity.

♦ Sec Continuation, Page i.

a But

11 THEPREFACE.

But Lord Hyde dying before his Father^ the then
Earl of Clarcndota, the Property of thefe Papers
never became vefted in him, and confequently this
Bequeji was void. However, the noble HeireJJis
of the Earl of Clarendon, cfut of their Regard to
the Publickj and to this Seat of Learning, have
been pleafed to fulfill the kind Intentions of Lord
Hyde, and adopt a Scheme recommended both by
him, * and his Great Grandfather. To this End
They havefent to the tlniverfity this Hijiory to be
printed at our Prefs, on Condition that the Profits
arifing from the Publication or Sale of this Work
be applied, as a Beginning for a Fund for fup-
porting a Manage, or Academy for Riding, and
other uieful Exerdfes, in Oxford.

THE Work here offered to' the Publick conjifis
of two Parts. The Second, which is the mojt
important and interejiing Part of the Work, is
The History op the Earl ofClarendon's
Life from the Year 1660 to \66j, from the
Rejioration to the Time of his Banifhment, andin^
eludes in it the moji memorable TranfaBions of
thofe Times. It may be thereftfre confidered in
two Views. It is a Second Part qfhoKD Cla-
rendon's Life : jind is alfo a Continuation of
his former Hijiory, entitled The History of
the Rebellion, yr^/« the Tear 1660, where
that ends, to the Tear 1667. This is care^
fully printed, without any material Variations f
from a Manufcript all of Lord Clarendon's oiwn
Hand-writing, excepting fome few Pages in the
Hand of his Amanuenfis, which are only Tran--

^ Sec his Dialogue on EdocatioB, Pcg« 325, ^c.

fcripts

THE PREFACE.

fcriptsfrom two Papers^ the one, a Letter from
die Chancellor to the King on the SubjeA of his
Majefty's declared Diipleafure ; the other, a Pa-*
per containing his Reaibns for withdrawing him-
felf, which He left behind him to be frefented to
the Houfe of Peers.

TO this our noble Benefa&reffes have thought
fit to prefix, as a Firji Part, The History op
THE Earj: of Clarendon's Life, from his
Birth, to the Year 1660, extraSed from
OMther Manufcript of Lord Clarendon's own
Hand-^writing, This other Manufcript is en-*
titled by his Lordjhip, The History of hi*
OWN Life, and contains likewife the Subjiance
^TThe History of the Rebellion. How^
ever, it is not the Manufcript from whence that
Wfiorj was printed^ but appears rather to be the
rough Draught from whence that Hijlory, or
however great Part of jt, was afterwards com-^
piled. For although He tells us towards the Clofe
of this Work, that He wrote the frji four Books
of The History of the Rebellion in the
IJland of Jerfey, (many Tears before the Date of
this History of his Life) yet He likewife in-
forms us, that He did not proceed to compleat
that Hijlory till after his Banijhment^ It is
therefore Juppojed fy the Family (and the Suppo--
fition feems to carry with it great Probability)
that, feeing an unjufi and cruel Perfecution pre-
vail againfi him. He was induced at that Time to
extend the original Plan of his Work, by intro^
ducing the particular Hijlory of his own Life,
from his earliejl Days down to the Time of his

a z Difgrace,

III

IPPnMPi'"w?^i"'T^B^vp«

,r

<s^'

* • ^

\ *

4.

THE

CONTINUATION

Of the LIFE of

Edward Earl of Clarendon,

Lord High Chancellor of ENGLAND,

AND

Chancellor of the University of OXFORD.

Being a Contimvation of

His History of the Grand Rebellion,

from the Restoration to his

Banishment in 1667.

WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

Printed from his Original Manuscripts, ^ven

to the University of OXFORD by

the Heirs of the late Earl of

CLARENDON,

Ne quid Falfi dicer e audeaty ne quid Vert non audeat. Cicero.

VOLUME THE SECOND.

THE THIRD EDITIO N./~/' • *** ''■-■■ ^"'" '

0 R D, '"^^iiy

0 X F
At the Clarznoon Frintinc-Hous£. M.DCC.LXI.

QlO. n. ^hl-

ne Continuatim of the Life of

kte Times had exceeded them in Mifchief, than Care
for their own Indemnity : This Temper fufficiently («;
evident, and the univerfal Joy of the People, which
was equally vifible, for the toul Suppreflion of all
thofe who had fo many Years exercifcd Tyranny over
them, made moft Men believe, both abroad and at
Home, that God had not only reftored the King mi-
raculoufly to his Throne, but that He had, as He did
in the Time of Hessekisb^ prepared the People^ for the
Tubing was done fuddenly^ (2 Cbron. xxix. 36 J in fuch a
Manner, that his Authority ajid Greatneis would have
been more illuftrious, than it had been in any. of his
Anceftors. And it is moft true, and muft never be de-
nied, that the People were admirably dilpofed and pre-
pared to pay all the Subjeftion, Duty and Obedience,
that a juft and prudent King could expefl from them,
«nd haid a very (harp Averikm and Deteftation of ail
tkofe who had formerly mifled and corrupted them ;
{o that, except the General, who feemed to be pofleflcd
entirely of the Affcftion of the Army, and whofe Fi-
delity was now above any Miiapprchenfion, there ap-
erared no Man whofe Power and Intcreft could in any
egree (hake or endanger the Peace and Security the
King was in ; the Congratulations for his Return be-
ing 6} univedal, from all the Counties of Ei^land^ as
well as from the Parliament and City ; from all thofe
who had moft fignally difterved and difclaimed him,
^ well as from thofe of his own Party and thofe who
were defcended from them : Infomuch as the King was
wont merrily to fay, as hath been mentioned before,
*/ fhat it could be Nobody's Fault but his own that
**He had ftayed fo long abroad, when all Mankind
•* wifhed him fo heartily at Home." It cannot there-
fore but be concluded by the Standers by, and the
Spedators^ of this wonderful Change and Exclama-
tion of all Degrees of Men, that there muft be fomc
Wonderful Mifcarriages in the State, or fome unheard
of Defeft cf Underftanding in thofe who were trufted
by the King in the Adminiftration of his Affairs ; thaf

there

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c.

there could in io fliort a Time be a new Revolution in
the general Afleftions of the People, that They grew
even weary of that Happinefs They were poflcfled of
and had fo much valued, and fell into the fame Dif>
contents andMurmurings which had naturally accom**
panied them in the word Times. From what fatal
Cauies thefe miferable Efieds were produced, is the
Buiinefs of this prefent Difquifition to examine, and
in fome Degree to difcpver; and therefore muft be of
fuch a Nature, as muft be as tenderly handled, with
Reference to Things and Perfons, as the Difcovery cA
die Truth will permit ; and cannot be prefumed to be
intended ever for a puUick View, or for more than the
Information of his Children of the true Source and
Grounds from whence their Father's Misfortunes pro*
ceeded, in which Nothing can be found that can xzukc
them aihamed of his Memory.

THE King brought with him from beyon4
the Seas that Council which had always at^-
tended him, and whofe Advice He had al-
ways received in his Tranfa6Uons of greateil Impor-
tance ; and his fmaU Family, that confifled of Qtn^
tiemcn who had for the moft Part been put about him
by his Father, and conilandy waited upon his Perfoa
in all his Diftrefs, with as much Submifflon and Pih
tience undergoing their Part in it, as could reaiba'-
aUy be expeded from fuch a People ; and therefore
had the keener Appetites, and the ftronger Prefump-
tion to pulh on their Fortunes (as They called it) ia
the lojRincy of their Mailer's Reftoradon, that other
Men might not be preferred before them, who had
not k&rne the Hsgt af the Bay^ as They had done«
fa) Of the Council were the Chancellor, the Marquis 72» iCvy'f
of Ormondy the Lord CoUpepper^ and Secretary Nicbo- ^S^f*
Idi^ who lived Ia great Unity and Concurrence in the
Communication of the moA fecret Counfels. There
htd been more of \m Council abroad with him, who

B z acd»rd^

4,- ^he Continuation of the Life of

according to the Motions He made and the Placed
He had refided in, were fome Times with him, but
other remained in France^ or in fome Parts of Holland
and Flanders^ for their Convenience, ready to repair
to his Majefty when.- They Ihould be called. The
four nominated above were They who conftantly at-
tended, were privy to all Counfels, and waited upon
him in his Return. .
iwOmo/. The Chancellor was the higheft in Place, and
^H3^« thought to be fo in Truft, becaufe He was moft in
private with the King, had managed moft of the
iccret Correfpondence in Engldrtd^ and all Difpatches
of Importance had pafled through his Hands •, which
had hitherto beert with the lefs Envy, becaufe the
Indefatigable Pains He took were very vifible, and
k was as vifible that He gained Nothing by it. His
Wants and Neceflities were as great as any Man\
nor was the Allowance affigned to him by the King
in the leaft Degree more, or better paid, than every
one of the Council received. Befides, the Friendfhip
was fo entire between the Marquis of Ormond and him,
that no Arts that were ufed could diflblve it ; and it
wras enough known, that as He had an entire and full
Confidence from the King and a greater Efteem than
any Man, fo that the Chancellor fo entirely commu-
nicated all Particulars with him, that there was not the
'leaft Refolution taken without his Privity and Appro-
•bation. The Chanceltor had been employed by the laft
King in all the Affairs of the greateft Truft and Se-
crecy ; had been made Privy Counfellor and Chancellor
of the Exchequer in the very Beginning of the Trou-
bles ; and had been fent by that King into the ff^eji
with his Son, when He thought their Intercft would
be beft preferved and provided for by feparating their
Perfons. A greater Teftimony and kecommendation
a Servant could not receive from his Mafter, than the
King gave of him to th^ Prince, who fipm that Time
treated him with as mudi / ^"^' ^r^^i^^
'aitiyMan, and'

Edward E^r/ g/* ClarendoNj Gfr.

Oppofition) He continued aad imph)yed to this Time
of his Reftoration ; and even then rejeftcd fome Inti-
mations rather than Propofitions which were fecretly
made to him at the HaguCy that the Chancellor was a
Man very much in the Prejudice of the Prefbyterian
Parry, as in Truth He was, and therefore that hi^
Majefty would do beft to leave him behind, till He
(hould be himfelf fettled in England : Which the King
received with that Indignation and Difdain, and anl*
wered the Perfon, who privately prefumed to give
die Advice, in fuch a Manner, that He was troubled
no more with the Importunity, nor did any Man ever
own the Advice. Yet the Chancellor had befought
the King upon fome Rumours which had been fpread,
that if any Exception or Prejudice to his Perfon fhould
be fo infifted on, as might delay his Return one Hour,
He would decline giving him any Protedlion, till He
Ihould find it more in his Power, after his Arrival in
England : Which Defire of his, though it found no
Reception with the King, proceeded from fo mucji
Sincerity, that it is well known, the Chancellor did
pofitivcly refolvc that if any liich Thing had been
urged by any Authority, He would render the King's
Indulgence and Grace of no InconvenieiKre to his Ma-
jefty, by his fecret and voluntary withdrawing himfelf,
without his Privity, and without the Reach of his Dif-
covery for fome Time : So far He was from being
biaffed by his own particular Benefit and Advantage.
{4» Th E Marquis of Ormond was the Perfon of the^
greatcft Quality, Eftate, and Reputation, who had
fi^kly engaged his Perfon and his Fortune i"J^"^
King*5 Service from the firft Hour of the Troubles,
and purfued it with that Courage and Conftancy, that
when the King was murdered, and He deferted Dy
the Irijb, contrary to the Articles of the Peace wl^ncn
ihey had made mih him, and when He ^ouUl f"

which Crmzvcll offered, who would have &^^^^^,^d
^jlhjs vaft Eftate, if He would have been cont ^

B3

( TJhe Continuation of the Life of

to have lived quietly in ibme of his own Houfes,
without farther concerning himfelf in the Quarrel;
and tranfported himfelf, without fo much as accepting
a Pafs from his Authority, in a little weak Vcffel into
France^ where He found the King, from whom He
ftever parted till He returned with him into England.
And having thus merited as much as a Subjeft can do
from a Prince, He had much more Credit and Efteem
with the King than any other Man : And the Luftre
the Chancellor was in, was no kfs from the declared
Friendlhip the Marquis had for him, than from the
great Truft his Majefty rtpofed in him.

^J^f^ The Lord Colepepper was a Man of great Parts, a
* Very (harp and prefent Wit, and an univerfal Under-
ftanding ; fo that few Men filled a Place in Council
with more Sufficiency, or exprefied themfelves upon
any Subjeft that occurred with more Weight and Vi-
gour. He had been trufted by the late King (who
. ^ had a fingular Opinion of his Courage and other Abi-
lities) to wait upon the Prince when He left his Fa-
ther, and continued ftill afterwards with him,' or in
his Service, and in a good Correfpondcnce with the
Chancellor.

^£22. Secretary Nicholas was a Man of general good
Reputation with all Men, of unqueftionable Integrity
and long Experience in the Service of the Crown ;
whom the late King trufted as much as any Man to
his Death. He was one of thofe who were excepted
by the Parliament from Pardon or Compofition, and
fo was compelled to leave the Kingdom fhortly after
Oxford was delivered up, when the King was in the
Hands of the Scots. The prefent King continued him
in the Office of Secretary of State, which He had fo
long held undec his Father. He was a Man of great
Gravity, and without any ambitious or private De-
figns ; and had lb faft a Friendfhip with the Chancel-
lor for many Years, that He was very weU content
and without any Jealoufy for his making many Dif-
patches and other Tranfadtions, which more imme-
diately

Edward Earl 3/* Clarendon, &c. 7

dkilcly related to his Office, and which indeed were
always made with his Privity and Concurrence.

This was the State and Conftitution of the King's
Council, and his Family, when He embarked in HoU
kitd^ and landed at Dtrjer: The Additions and Alte*
radons which were after made will be mentioned 19
their Place.

I T will be convenient here, before We defcend to
thofe Particulars which had an Influence upon the
Minds of Men, to take a clear View of the Temper
and Spirit of that Time \ of the Nature and Inclina^
tion of the Army j of the Difpofition and Intercft of
the fevcral Fadions in Religion, all which appeared
in their fcveral Colours without diflTembling their Prin-
ciples, and with equal ConBdence demanded the Li-
berty of Confcience They had enjoyed in and fince the
Time of Cromwell \ and the Humour and the prefcnt
Purpoie and Defign of the Parliament itfelf, to whole
Judgment and Determination the whole Settlement of
the Kingdom both in Church and State ftood referred
by the King's own Declaration from Breda^ which by
Grod's Infpiradon had been the fole vifible Motive to
that wonderful Change that had enfued. And who-
(-Ofoever takes a Profped of all thofe feveral FzSion% rbeTai^t
and Appetites and Interefts, together with the divided ,^^' *^
AffeAions, Jealoufies and Animofities, of thofe who
had been always looked upon as the King's Party,
which if united would in that Conjuncture have been
powerful enough to have ballanced all the other : I
fay, whoever truly and ingenuoufly confiders and re-
fleds upon all this Compofition of contradictory
Wiftjes and £xpe6tatbns, muft confcfs that the King
was not yet the Mafter of the Kingdom, nor his Au-
thority and Security fuch as the general Noife and
Acclamation, the Bells and the Bonfires, proclaimed
k to be; and that there was in no Conjundture more
Need, that the Virtue and Wifdom and Induftry of a
Prince fliould be evident and made manifeft in the
Prefervation of his Dignity, and in the Application of

his

8 The Continuation of the Life of

his Mind to the Government of his Affairs \ and that
all who were eminently trufted by him, (hould be
Men of unqueftionable Sincerity, who moth Induftry
and Dexterity fhould firft endeavour to compofe the
pubKck Dilbrders, and to provide for the Peace and
Setdement of the Kingdom, before They applied
themfclves to make or improve their own particular
Fortunes. And there is litde Queftion, but if this
good Method had been purfued, and the Refoludons
of that Kind, which the King had ferioufly taken be-
yond the Seas, when He firft difcemed his good Fortune
coming towards him, had been executed and improv-
ed ; the Hearts and Affeftions of all I>cgrees of Men
were fo prepared by their own natural Inclinations and
Integrity, by what They had feen and what They had
fufFcred, by their Obfervations and Experience, by
their Fears or by their Hopes ; that They might have
been all kneaded into a firm and conftant Obedience
and Refignation to the King's Authority, and to a
lafting Eftablilhment of monarchick Power in all the
juft Extents v^^hich the King could expedt, or Men of
any publick or honcft AfFeclions could wi(h or fub-
mit to.
/ywii/y Th £ firft Mortification the King met with was as
^2^J^ foon as He arrived at Canterbury^ which was within
KingmCMSk- three Hours after He landed at Dover \ and where He
2!^^S^ found many of thqfe who were juftly looked upon,
*^ from their own Sufferings or thofe of their Fathers,

and their conftant adhering to the fame Principles,
as of the King's Party, who with Joy waited to kifs
his Hand, and were received by him with thofe open
Arms and flowing Exprefiions of Grace, calling all
thofe by their Names who were known to him, that
They eafily affured themfelves of the Accomplifhment
of all their Defines from fuch a generous Prince. And
fome of them, that They might not lofe the firft Op-
. portuniry, forced him to give them prefent Audience,
m which They reckoned up the inlupportable Lofies
undergone by themfelves or their Fathers, and fome

Edward Earl of Clarekdos, &c. 9

SeiYices of their own ; and thereupon demanded the
prefent Grant or Promife of fuch or fuch an Office.
Some, for the real fmall Value of one though of the
firft Claffis^ preffed for two or three with fuch Confi-
dence and Importunity, and with fuch tedious Dif-
courfes, chat the Iting was extremely naufeated with
their Suits, though his Modefty knew not how to
break from them ; that He- no fooner got into his
Chamber, which for fome Hours He was not able to .
do, than He lamented the Condition to which He
found He muft be fubjcft : And did in Truth from
that Minute contrad fuch a Prejudice againft the Per«
fons of fome of thofe, though of the greateft Quality,
for the Indecency and Incongruity of their Pretences,
that He never afterwards received their Addreffes with
his ufual Grace or Patience, and nugly granted any
Thing They defired, though the flFter was more
rcafonable, and the Manner of afkmg much more
moded.
W But there was another Mortification which imme- Monk rt-
diately fuccceded this, that gave him much more lJjT/p,^
Trouble, and in which He knew not how to com- CMr»|fe/Ari /#
port himfclf. The General, after He had given all ' '^*
neccflary Orders to his Troops, and fent a fhort Dil-
patch to the Parliament of the King*s being come to
Canterbutj^ and of his Purpofe to (lay there two Days
till the next Sunday was paft. He came to the King in
his Chamber, and in a Ihort fecret Audience, and
without any Preamble or Apology, as he was not a
Man of a graceful Elocution, He told him, " that
" He could not do him better Service, than by re-
" commending to him fuch Perfons who were moil
" grateful to the People, and in Refoeft of their Parts
"and Interefts were bed able to ferve him:" And
thereupon gave him a large Paper full of Names,
which the King in Diforder enough received, and
without reading put it into his Pocket that He might
not enter into any particular Debate upon the Perfons,
and told hinj " that He would be always ready to re-

" ceive

10 The Continuation of the Life of

^^ ceivc his Advice, and willing to gratify him in any
*' Thing He fhould dcfire, and which would not be
*' prejudicial to his Service." The King, as foon as
He could, took an Opportunity, when there remained
no more in his Chamber, to inform the Chancellor of
the firft Aflaults He had encountered as foon as He
alighted out of his Coach, and afterwards of what the
General had faid to him ; and thereupon took the Pa-
per out of his Pocket and read it. It contained the
Names of at leaft threcfcore and ten Perfons, who
were thought fitteft to be made Privy Counfellors •,
in the whole Number whereof, there were only two,
who had ever ferved the King or been looked upon as
zealoufly afFe&ed to his Service, the Marquis of Heri^
ford^ and the Earl of Southampton^ who were Both of
ic^ univerfal Rej^ation and Interefl, and fo well known
to have the veBbarticular Efteem of the King, that
They needed n^uch Recommendation. All tne reft
were either thofe Counfellors who had ferved the King,
and deferted him by adhering to the Parliament ; or
of thofe who had moft eminently difTerved him in the
Beginning of the Rebellion, and in the carrying it on
with all Fiercenefs and Animofity until the new Mo-
del, and difmifling the Earl of Effex : Then indeed
Ctomwell had grown terrible to them, and diipofed
them to wifh the King were again poffefled of his re-
gal Power, and which They did but wifh. There
were then the Names of the principal Perfons of the
Prelbyterian Party, to which the General was thought
to be moft inclined, at leaft to fatisfy the foolifli and
unruly Inclinations of his Wife. There were like-
wife the Names of fome who were moft notorious in
all the other Faftions ; and of fome who in Refpcft
of their mean Qualities and meaner Qualifications,
Nobody could imagine how They could come to be
named, except that, by the very odd Mixture, any
fober and wife Refolutions and Concurrence might
be prevented.

The

Edward Earl ig^ Clarendon, &c. ii

The King was in more than ordinary Confufion^'j^^'*
with the reading this Paper, and knew not well what/^^^'^
to think of the General, in whofe abfolute Power He
now was. However, He refolved in the Entrance
upon his Government not to confent to fuch Impofi-
tions, which might prove perpetual Fetters and Chains
upon him ever after. He gave the Paper therefore
to the Chancellor, and bade him '^ take the firft Op-
** portunity to difcourfe the Matter with the Generad*^
(whom He had not yet faluted ) '* or rather with Mr.
" Morrice his moft intimate Friend," whom He had
newly prefented to the King, and " with Both whom
"He prefumed He would fhortly be acquainted,**
though for the prefent Both were equally unknown to
him. Shortly after, when mutual Vilits had pafled
between them, and fuch Profeffions as naturally are
(Tjmade between Pcribns who were like to have much to
do with each other; zndMi.Mm^ct being in private
with him, the Chancellor told him *' how much the
•* King was furprifcd with the Paper He had received
**from the General, which at leaft recommended (and
** which would have always great Authority with him)
" fome fuch Perfons to his Truft, in whom He could
** not yet, till They were better known to him, re-
" pofe • any Confidence.** And thereupon He read
many of their Names, and faid, ** that if fuch Men
"were made Privy Counfellors, it would either be
•* imputed to the King's own EJcdtion, which would
" caufe a very ill Mcafure to be taken of his Majefty's
** Nature and Judgment ; or ( which more probably
^ would be the Cafe) to the Inclination and Power of
"the General, which would be attended with as ill
"Efieds.** Mr. Morrice fcemed much troubled at
the Apprehenfion, and faid, " the Paper was of his
** Handwriting, by the Genrtul*s Order, who He was
" aflured had no fuch Intention ; but that He would
"prcfently fpeak with him and return,** which He
did within lefs than an Hour, and exprefled ^^ the
^ Trouble the General was in upon the King's very

"juft

12 Tie Continuation of the Life of

•*juft Exception; and that the Truth was. He had
^^ been obliged to have much Commumcation with Men of
*' all Humours and Inclinations^ andfo hadpromifed to do
*' them good Offices to the King^ and could not therefore
** avoid inferting their Names in that Paper ^ without any
** Imaginations that the King would accept them : That He
** had done his Party and all that could be expe£led from
*' him^ and left the King to do what He had thought beft
^^for his own Service^ which He would always defire him
*' to doy whatever Propofttion Hejhould at any Time pre-
^^fume to make to his Majefty^ which He would notpromife
^^Jhould be always reafonabk. However^ He did ftill
•* heartily wijh^ that his Majefty would make ufe offome
" of thofe Perfons^^ whom He named, and faid, " He
** kntw moft of them were not his Friends^ and that bis
** Service would be more advanced by admitting them^ than
•* by leaving them out**
Butfitiifad The King was abundantly pleafed with this good
^^2^^ Temper of the General, and lefs difliked thofe, who
He dilcerncd would be grateful to him, than any of
the reft : And fo the next Day, He made the Gene-
ral Knight of the Garter^ and admitted him of the
Council ; and likewife at the fame Time gave the Sig-
net to Mr. Morrice^ who was fworn of the Council
and Secretary of State ; and Sir Jnthony AJhky Cooper^
who had been prefented by the General under a fpecial
Recommendation, was then too fworn of the Council,
and the rather, bccaufe having lately married the Niece
of the Earl of Southampton (who was then likewife pre-
fent, and received the Garter to which He had been
elefted Ibme Years before ) it was believed that his
flippery Humour would be eafily reftrained and fixed
by the Uncle. All this was tranfafted during his,Ma-
jefty*s Stay at Canterbury.
TpfKiig^i Upon the 29th of May^ which was his Majcfty's
£^^ Birth-Day, and now the Day of his Reftoration and
Loiidon. Triumph, He entered London^ the Highway from Ro-
chejier to Blackheath being on both Sides fo full of Ac-
clamations of Joy, and crowded with fuch a Multi-
tude

Edward £^r/ 0/ Clarendon, &c. 13^

tudc of People that it fcemed one continued Street
wonderfully inhabited. Upon Blackbeatb the Army
was drawn up, confifting of above fifty thoufand Men,-
Horfe and Foot, in excellent Order and Equipage^
where the General prefented the chief Officers to kils
the Kin^s Hands, which Grace They feemed to re- -

ccive with all Humility and Chcerfulnefs. . Shortly
after, the Lord Mayor of Londctij the Sheriffs, and
Body of the Aldermen, with the whole Militia of the
City, appeared with great Luftre ; whom the King
received with a mod graceful and obliging Counte-
nance, and knighted the Mayor and all the Aldermen,
(t and Sheriffs, and the principal Officers of the Militia:
An Honour the City had been without near eighteen
Years, and therefore abundandy welcome to the Huf.
bands and their Wives. With this Equipage the
King was attended through the City of Londetiy where
the Streets were railed in on Both Sides that the Li-
very of the Companies of the City might appear with
the more Order and Decency, till He came to Wbite^
ball\ the Windows all the Way being full of Ladies
and Perfons of Quality, who were impatient to fill
their Eyes with a beloved Speftacle of which They
had been fo long deprived. The King was no fooner
91 Hn?iteball^ but (as hath been faid) the Speakers,
and Both Houles of Parliament, prefented thcmfclves
with all poffible Profeffions of Duty and Obedience at
his Royal Feet, and were even ravilhed with the
cheerful Reception They had from him. The }oy Exceffhefnf,
was univcrfal; and whofoever was not plealcd at^^^*"
Heart, took the more Care to appear as if He was ;
and no Voice was heard but of the higheft Congra-
tulation, of extolling the Perfon of the King, admi-
ring his Condefcenfions and Affability, raifing his
Praifcs to Heaven, and curfing and detefting the Me-
mory of thofe Villains who had fo long excluded fo
meritorious a Prince, and thereby withheld that Hap-
pinefs from them, which They {hould enjoy in the
largeft Mcafure They could dcfirc or wifli. The Joy

on

14 ^ Cmtitmatim of the Life rf

on all Sides was with the greatcft Exceis, fo that
moft Men thought, and had Reaibn enough to thinks
that the King was even already that great and glo*
rious Prince, which the Parliament had wantonly and
hypocritically promifed to raife his Father to be.
MHmftt Thb Chancellor took his Place in the Houfe of
^sr/imem p^^j^ ^j^j^ ^ general Acceptation and Refpedk -, and
all thofe Lords who were alive and had ferved the
King his Father, and the Sons of thofe who were dead
Tbckm- and were eoually excluded from fitting there by Or-
nStrcm^ dinanccs or Parliament, together with all thofe who
mm. ' ' had been created by this King, took their Seats in
Parliament without the leaft Murmur or Exception.
The Houfe of Commons fcemed equally conftituted
to what could be wifhed *, for though there were many
Prefbyterian Members, and fome of all other Faftions
in Religion, who did all promife themfelves fome
Liberty and Indulgence for their feveral Parties, yet
They all profefTed great Zeal for the eftablilhing the
King in his full Power. And the major Part of the
Houfe was of fober and prudent Men, who had been
k>ng known to be very weary of all the late Govern-
ments, and heartily to defire and pray for the King's
Return. And there were many, who had either them-
felves been actual and a^ve Malignants and Delin-
quents in the late King's Time, or the Sons of fuch,
who inherited their Fathers Virtues; Both which
Claffes of Men were excluded from being cabable of
being eledled tt> ferve in Parliament, not only by for-
mer Ordinances, but by exprefs Caution in the very
Writs which were fent out to fummon this Parlia-
ment, and were notwithftanding made Choice of and
returned by the Country, and received without any
Hefitation in the Houfe, and treated by all Men with
the more Civility and Refpedt for their known Malig-
nity J So that the King, though it was neceflary to
have Patience in the Expeftations of their Refbludons
in all important Points, which could not fufldenly be
concluded in fuch a popular Aflembly, was very m-

fonably

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. i j

ibaably aflured, that He fhould have nothing prefled
upon him that fhould be ungrateful, with Rererence
to the Church or State.

It is true, the Prejbyterians were very numerous in p^aJtrh
the Houfe, and many of them Men of good Parts, ^^^SST
and had a great Party in the Army, and a greater in /a if
the City, and except with Reference to Epifcopacy were
dcGrous to make themfelves grateful to the King in
(f) the fettling all his Intereft, and efpecially in vindica^
ting themfelves from the odious Murder of the King
by loud and paffionate Inveighing againft that mon-
Ibous Parricide, and with the higheft Animoiity de*
nouncing the fevereft Judgments not only againfl thofe
who were immediately guilty of it, but againft thofe
principal Perfens who had moft notorioufly adhered to
Qr^mweU in the Adminiftration of his Government,
that is, moft eminently oppofed them and their Fac*
tion. They took all Occaiions to declare, " that the
* Power and Intercft of the Party had been the chief
^ Means to bring Home the King ;" and ufed all poT-
iibfe Endeavours that the King might be perfuaded to
think fo too, and that the very Covenant had at laft
(bne him Good and expedited his Return, by the
caufing it to be hung up in Churches, from whence
Cromwell had caft it out, and their Minifters prefling
upon the Confcience of all thofe who had taken it,
** that They were bound by that Claufe which con-
^cerned the Defence of the King's Perfoi^ to take
" up Arms, if Need were, on his Behalf, and to rc-
** ftore him to his rightful Government */' when the
very fame Minifters had obliged them to take up Arms
againft the King his Father by Virtue of that Cfvenant^
and to fight againft him till They had taken him Pri-
ibner, which produced his Murder. This Party was
much difpleafed, that t^e King declared himfelf fo
po&dvely on Behalf of Epifcopacy, and would hear no
other Prayers in his Chapel than thofe contained in
the Bcok cf Common PrsFfer^ and that ail thofe Fotma-
lities and Solemnities were iiow again relumed and

pra^ifed.

l6 TJlff Continuation of the Life of

praftifed, which They had caufcd to be abolifhed for
fo many Years pail. Yet the King left all Churches
to their Liberty, to ufe fuch Forms of Devotion which
They liked belt ; and fuch of their chief Preachers who
detired it, or were defired by their Friends, were ad*
mitted to preach before him, even without the Sur-
plice, or any other Habit than They made choice of.
But this Connivance would not do their Bufinefs :
Their Preaching made no Profclytes who were not fo
before ; and the Refort of the People to thofe Church-
es, where the Common Prayer was again introduced*
was Evidence enough of their Inclinations -, and They
(aw the King's Chapel always full of thofe, who had
ufed to poflefs the chief Benches in their Aflemblies :
So that it was manifeft that Nothing but the fupreme
Authority would be able to fettle their Difcipline ;
wnAuritt and therefore with their ufual Confidence They were
^^^J^^very importunate in the Houfe of Commons, " that
tf/Gmnr- ^^ the Ecclefiaftical Government might be fettled and
T^tTZ^ ** remain according to the Covenant^ which had been
Cownant. « pra^tifed many Years, and fo the People generally
** well devoted to it, whereas the introducing the Com*
^^mon Prayer (with which very few had ever been
•* acquainted or heard it read ) would very much of-
*'fend the People, and give great Interruption to the
** compofing the Peace of the Kingdom.** This was
urged in the Houfe of Commons by eminent Men of
the Party, who believed They had the major Part of
their Mind. And their Preachers were as folicitous
and induftrious to inculcate the fame Dodtrine to the
principal Perfons who had returned with the King,
and every Day reforted to the Court as if They pre-
fided there, and had frequent Audiences of the King
to perfuade him to be of the fame Opinion ; from
whom They received no other Condefcenfions than
They had formerly had at the HagtUy with the fame
gracious Afiability and Expreffions to their Perfons.

That Party in the Houfe that was in Truth de-
voted to the King, and to the old Principles of Church

and

Edward Earl of Clarendon,. &€. 17

and of State, which every Day increafed, thought not
fit fi> to crofs the Presbyterians as to make them def-
perate in their Hopes of Satisfadtion, but, with the
Concurrence with thofe who were of contrary Fac-
Mtions, diverted the Argument by propofing other
Subje& of more immediate Relation to the publick
Peace, as the AS of Indemnity which every Man impa-
tiently longed for, and the raifing Money towards the
Payment of the Army and the Navy, without which
that unfupportable Charge could not be lefTened, to
be firft confidered and difpatched ; and the Model for
Religion to be debated and prepared by that Com-
mittee, which had been nominated before his Majef-
ty^s Return to that Purpofe ; They not doubting to
orois and puzzle any pernicious Refolutions there, till
Tune and their own extravagant Follies (hould put
feme End to their deftruftive Defigns.

Ih the mean Time there were two Particulars,
which the King with much inward Impatience, though
with little outward Communication, did moft defire,
the difbanding the Army, and fettling the Revenue,
the Courfe and Receipt whereof had been fo broken
and perverted, and a great Part extinguiflied by the
Sale of all the Crown-Lands, that the old Officers
of the Exchequer, Auditors or Receivers, knew
not how to refume their Adminiftrations. Befides that
the great Receipt of Excifc and Cuftoms was not yet
vefted in the King; nor did the Parliament make any
Hafle to affign it, finding it neceffary to referve it in
the old Way, and not to divert it from thofe Affign-
ments, which had been made for the Payment of the
Army and Navy, for which until fome other Provifion
could be made, it was to no Purpofe to mention the
difbanding the one or the other, though the Charge
of Both was fo vaft and unfupportable, that the King-
dom muft in a fhort Time fink under the Burden,
For what concerned the Revenue and raifing Money,
the King was lefs folicitous, and yet there was not fo
much as any Aflignation made for the Support of his
Vol. XL C Houlhold,

rS ^e Continuation of the Life of

Houlhold, which caufed a vaft Debt to be contraftedi
before taken Notice of, the Mifchief of which b
hardly yet removed. He faw the Parliament every
Day doing fomewhat in it, and it quickly diflblved all
Bargains, Contracts and Sales, which had been ci
any of the Crown-Lands, fo that all that Royal Re-
venue (which had been too much wafted and impair*
cd in thofe improvident Times which had preceded the
Troubles) was entirely remitted to thofe to whom it
belonged, the King and the Queen his Mother; but
very little Money was returned out of the fame into
the Exchequer in the Space of the firft Year-, fo dif-
ficult it was to reduce any Payments which hdd been
made for fo many Years irregularly, into the old
Channel and Order. And every Thing elfe of this
Kind was done, how flowly foever, with as much Ex-
pedition as from the Nature of the Affair, and the
Crowd in which it was necefTary to be agitated, could
reafonably be expefted ; and therefore his Majefly
was lefs troubled for thofe Inconveniencies which He
forefaw mufl inevitably flow from thence.
ThiNahirt But the Delay in difbanding the Army, how un-
Hmrf^t^' avoidable foever, did exceedingly afflid him, and the
j^» more, becaufe for many Reafons He could not urge
it nor complain of it. He knew well the ill Coiifli-
tution of the Army, the Diflemper and Murmuring
that was in it, and how many Difeafes and Convul-
fions their infant Loyalty was fubjcft to-, that how
united foever their Inclinations and Acclamations
feemed to be at Blackbeatb^ their Affeftions were not
the fame : And the very Countenances then of many
Officers as well as Soldiers did fufficiently manifeil,
that They were drawn thither to a Service They were
not delighted in. The General, before He had form-
ed any Refolution to himfelf, and only valued himfelf
upon the Prcfbyterian Intereft, had cafhiercd fome
Regiments and Companies which He knew not to be
devoted to his Perfon and Greatnefs -, and after He
found it necefTary to fix his own Hopes and Depend--

ance

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 19

xnce upon the King, He had difmifled many Officers
("}who He thought might be willing and able to crofs
his Deiigns and Purpofes, when He fhould think fie
to diicover them, and conferred their Charges and
Commands upon thofe who had been disfavoured by
the late Powers ; and after the Parliament had decla-
red for and proclaimed the King, He cafhiered others,
and gave their Offices to ibme eminent Commanders
who had ierved the King ; and gave others of the
loyal Nobility Leave to lift Voluntiers in Companies
to appear wRh them at the Reception of the King,
who had all met and joined with the Army upon
Slackbeaib in the Head of their Regiments and Com-
panies : Yet, notwithftanding all this Providence, the
oki Soldiers had little Regard for their new Officers^
at kaft had no Refignation for them ; and it quickly
a(^>eared, by the feleA and afFefbed Mixtures of fullen
aod melancholick Parties of Officers and Soldiers, that
as ill-difpofed Men of other ClalTes were left as had
been difbanded ; and that much the greater Part fa
much abounded with ill Humours, that is was not
fafe to adminifter a general Purgation. It is true that
Lambert was clofe Prifoner in the Tower j and as many
of thoie Officers who were taken and had appeared in
Arms with him when He was taken, were likewife
there or in fome other Prifons, with others of the fame
Complexion, who were well enough known to have
the prefent Settlement that was intended in perfedb
Deteftation : But this Leprofy was fpread too far ta
have the Contagion quickly or eafily extinguilhed.
How clofe Ibever Lambert himfclf was fecured from
doing Mifchief, his FaAion was at Liberty and very
numerous ; his difbanded Officers and Soldiers ming-
led and converfed with their old Friends and Compa-
nions, and found too many of them pofleffed with
the lame Spirit; They concurred in the fame Re-
proaches and Revilings of the General, as the Man
who had treacheroufly betrayed them, and led them
into an Ambufcadc from whence They knew not how

C 2 to

to ft&e Continuatm of the 'Life of

to difentangle themfelves. They looked upon him 2S
the fole Perfon who ftill fupported his own Models
and were well aflured that if He were removed, the
Army would be ftill the fame and appear in their old
Retrenchments ; and therefore They entered into fe-
veral Combinations to aflaffinate him,, which They re-
folved to do with the firft Opportunity. In a Wordr
They liked neither the Mein nor Garb nor Counte-
nance of the Court, nor were wrought upon by the
gracious Afpeft and Benignity of the King himfelf.

All this was well enough known to his Majefty,
and to the General, who was well enough acquainted
and not at all pleafed with the Temper and Difpofi-
tion of his Army, and therefore no k& defirod it
Ihould be difbanded than the King did. In the mean
Time, very diligent Endeavours were ufcd to difcover
and apprehend fome principal Peribns, who took as
much Care to conceal themfelves i and every Day
many dangerous or fufpe^ftod Men of all Qualities
were impriibned in all Counties : Spies were employ-
ed, who for the moft Part had the fame AfFedions
which They were to difcover in otbess, and received
Money on both Sides to do, and not to do, the Work
They were appointed to do. And in this melancho-
lick and perplexed Condition the King and all his
Hopes ftood, when He appeared moft gay and exalt-
• ed, and wore a Pleafantnefs in his Face that became
him and looked like as full an Affurance of his Security
as was pofllble to be put on.
t^jumcHcf Th ERE was yet added to this flippery and uneafy
i^JS? ' Pofture of Affairs, another Mortification, which madie
a deeper Impreffion upon the King's Spirit than all
the reft, and without which the worft of the other
would have been in fome Degree remediable; that
was, the Conftitution and Difunion of thofe who were(n;
called and looked upon as his own Party, which with-
out Doubt in the whole Kingdom was numerous
enough, and capable of being powerful enough to
give the Law to all the reft ; which had been the

Ground

Edward £jr/ 3^ Clarendon, &c. 21

Ground of many unhappy Attempts in the late Time,
that if any prefent Force could be drawn together,
and pofleflfed of any fuch Place in which They might
inake a Stand without being overrun in a Moment,
the general Concurrence of the Kingdom would in a
fhort Time reduce the Army, and make the King (u-
periour to all his Enemies; which Ima^nation was
enough confuted, though not enough extinguilhed,
by the dearbought Experience in the wofiil Enterprife
at W4nxifier. However, it had been now a very juffi-
fiable Prefumption in the King, to believe as weU as
hope, th^t He could not be long in England without
fuch an Apparency of his own Party that wifhed all
that He himfelf deiired, and fuch a Manifeftation of
their Authority, Intered and Power, that would pre-
vent or be fufficient to fubdue any forward Difpofition
that might grow up in the Parliament, or more ex*
travagant Demands in the Army itfelf. An Appa-
rence there was of that People, great enough, who
had all the Wifhes for the King which He entertained
for himfelf. But They were fo divided and difunited ^R^^cwof
by private Quarrels, Fa<9tioQS and Animofities ; or fbl^f^j^J^
junacquarnted with each other-, oc, which was worfej/^^^*"*
fo jealous of each other ; the JJnderftandings And J^f '^*^*"
Faculties of many honeft Men werp fo weak acid
ihallow, that They could not be applied to any great
Truft ; and others who wilhcd and meant veiy well
had a Peeviftinefs, Frowardnefs and Opiniatrety, that
They would be engaged only in what pleafed them-
felves, nor would join in any Thing with fuch and
fuch Men whom Xhey difliked. The fevere and ty^
rannical Government of Cromwell axid the Parliament
had io o^en bajoiihed and imprifoned themypon mere
Jealoufies, that They were grown Strangers to Qpe an^
other, without any Communication between them:
And there had been fo frequent 9eii;ravings and Trea*
cheries ufed, fo many Difcoveries or Meetings pri*
vatcly contrived, and of Difcouries accidentally enter-
ed iato, and Words and Expreffions raflily and unad-

C 3 vifcdly

22 72^ Ckmtinuatian of the Life of

vifed uttered without any Defign, upon which MuU
titudcs were ftill imprifoned and many put to Death ;
that the Jealoufy was fo univerfal, that few Men who
had ever fo good AfFeftions for the King, durft confer
with any Freedom together.

Mo s T of thofe of the Nobility who had widi Con-
ftancy and Fidelity adhered to the laft King, and had
greateft Authority with all Men who profefled the
fame AflFeftions, were dead, as the Duke of Richmond^
the Earl of Dorfet^ the Lord Capel^ the Lx>rd Hopton^
and many other excellent Perfons. And of that Claffis^
that is, of a powerful Intereft and unfufpeftcd Inte-
grity (for there were fome very good Men, who were
without any Caufe fufpefted then^, becaufe They were
not equally perfecuted upon all Occafions) there were
only two who furvived, the Marquis of Hertford and
Earl of Southampton ; who were Both great and wor-
thy Men, looked upon with great Eftimation by all
the moft valuable Men who could contribute moft to
the King's Reftoration, and with Reverence by their
greateft Enemy, and had , been courted by Cromwell
himfelf till He found it to no Purpofe. And though
the Marquis had been prevailed with once and no
more to give him a Vifit, the other, the Earl, could
never be perfuaded fo much as to fee him ; and when
Cromwell was in the New Foreft and refolved one Day
to vifit him, He being informed of it or fufpefting
it, removed to another Houfe He had at fuch a Dis-
tance as exempted him fronri that Vifitation. But thefc
two great Perfons had for feveral Years withdrawn
themlelves into the Country, lived retired, fcnt fome-(i3
times fuch Money as They could raife out of their
loAg-fequeftered and exhaufted Fortunes, by Meflen-
gers of their own Dependance, with Advice to the
King, *' to fit ftill and expert a reafonable Revolu-
"tion, without making any unadvifed Attempt;"
and induftrioufly declined any Converfation or Com-
merce with any who were known to correfpond with
the King : So that no^ upon his Majefty's Return,

They

Edward Earl of ClakendoK, ^c, a{j

They were totally unacquainted with any of thofe
Peiions, who now looked as Men to be depended up-
on in any great Aftion and Attenipt. And for them-
fdvcs, as the Manquis fhortly after died, fo the Other
with great Abilities ferved him in his moft fecret and
important Counfels, but had been never convedant in
martial Affairs.

There had been fix or eight Perfons of general ^
good and confeffcd Reputation, and who of all who *
were then left alive had had the moft eminent Charges
in the War, and executed them with great Courage
and Difcretion ; fo that few Men could with any rea^
fonable Pretence refufe to receive Orders from them,
or to fcrve under their Commands. They had great
AffeAion for and Confidence in each other, and had
frankly oflfered by an Exprefs of their own Number,
whilft the King remained in France^ " that, if They
" were approved and qualified by his Majefty, They
" would by joint Advice intend the Care of his Ma-
" jefty*s Service ; and as They would not engage in
^ any abfurd and defperate Attempt, but ufe all their
" Credit and Authority to prevent and difcountenance
** the fame, fo They would take the firft rational Op-
" portunity, which They expefted from the Divifions
" and Animofities which daily grew and appeared in
" the Army, to draw their Friends and old Soldiers
" who were ready to receive their Commands together,
" and try the utmoft that could be done with the Lofs
" or Hazard of their Lives :" Some of them having,
befide their Experience in War, very confiderablc
Fortunes of their own to lofe, and were Relations to
the greatcft Families in England. And therefore They
made it their humble Suit, " that this fecret Corrcf-
** pondence might be carried on and known to none
** but to the Marquis of Ormond and to the Chancel-
" lor; and that if any other Counfels were fet on Foot
** in England by the Aftivity of particular Perfons, who
*• too frequently with great Zeal and little Animad-
** verfion embarked themfclvcs in impoflible Under-
takings,

24 ^be Continuation of the Life of

** takings, his Majefly upon Advcrtifement thereof
*' would firft communicate the Motives or Pretences
" which would be offered to him, to them -, and then
** They would find Opportunity to confer with fomc
**fober Man of that Fraternity** (as there was no
well-affeded Perfon in England^ who at that Time
would not willingly receive Advice and Direftion from
moft of thofe Perfons ) " and thereupon They would
** prefent their Opinion to his Majefty, and if the De-
*' fign fhould appear prafticable to his Majefty, Thev
** would chearfully embark themfelvcs in it, otherwilc
" ufe their own Dexterity to divert it.** Thefe Men .
had been armed with all neceffary Commiflions and
Inftxuftions according to their own Defu^s ; the King
confented to all They propofed ; and the Ciphers and .
Correfpondence were committed to the Chancellor, in
whofe Hands, with the Privity only of the Marquis
of Ormonde all die Intelligence with England^ of what
Kind foever, was intruded.

Under this Condu6t for fome Years all Things
fucceeded well, many unfeafonable Attempts were
prevented, and thereby the Lives of many good Men
preferved : And though ( upon the curfory Jealoufy
of that Time, and the reftlefs Apprehenfion of Crontr-
well^ and the almofl; continual Commitments of all
who had eminently ferved the King and were able to
do it a^ain ) thefe Perfons who wwe thus trufl:ed, or(M
the major Part of them, were feldom out of Prifon,
* or free from the Obligation of good Sureties for their
peaceable Behaviour ; yet all the Vigilance of Cromwell
and his moft diligent Inquifitors could never difcover
thib fecret Intercourfe between thofe Confidants and
the King, which did always pafs and was maintained
by Expreffes made Choice of by them, and fupported
at their Charge out of fuch Monies as were privately
coUefted for publick Ufes, of which They, who
contributed moft, knew litde more than the Integrity
of him who was intruftcd, who did not always make
Ikilful Contributions.

It

Edwaiid Earl of Clarendon, Gff. 25

It fell out unfortunately, that two of thefe princi-
pal Perfons fell out, and had a fatal Quarrel, upon
a Particular lefs juftifiable than any Thing that could
refult from or relate to the great Truft They Both had
from the King, which ought to have been of Influence
enough to have fupprefled or diverted all PafTions of
that Kind : But the Animofities grew fuddenly irre-
concilable, and if not divided the ASeftions of the
whole Knot^ at leaft interrupted or fufpended their
conftant Intercourfe and Confidence in each other, and
fo the diligent Accounts which the King ufed to re*
ccivc fix>m them. And the Caufe growing more pub-
lick and notorious, though not known in a long Time
after to the King, exceedingly leflcned Both their Re-
putations with the moll fober Men; infomnch as
They withdrew all Confidence in their Condud, and
all Inclination to embark in the Bufinefs which was in-
truded in fuch Hands. And which was worfe than
all this, one Perfon amongft them of as unblemifhed
a Repuution as either of them, and of much better
Abilities and Faculties of Mind, either afFefted with
this untoward Accident, or broken with frequent Im-
prifonments and Defpair of any Refurreftion of the
King's Intereft, about this Time yielded to a foul
Temptation ; and for large Supplies of Money, which
his Fortune ftood in Need of, engaged to be a Spy to
CromweU^ with a Latitude which He did not allow to
others of that ingominious Tribe, undertaking only
to impart enough of any Defign to prevent the Mif-
chicf thereof, without cxpofing any Man to the Lofs
of his Life, or ever appearing himfelf to make good
and juftify any of his Difcoveries. The reft of his
Ai^Kiates neither fufpefted their Companion, nor
kliened their Afieftion or utmoft Zeal for the King ;
though They remitted fome of their Diligence in his
Service, by the other unhappy Intemiption.

This falling out during his Majefty's Abode in
Cologne^ He was very long without Notice of the
Grounds of that Jealoufy, which had obftruded his

ufual

26 T!he Continuation of the Life of

ufual Correfpondence; and the Matter of Infidelity
being not in the leaft Degree fufpefted, He could not
avoid receiving Advice and Propofitions from other
honeft Men, who were of known AfFcftion and Cour-
rage, and who converfed much with the Officers of
the Army, and were unflcilfuUy difpofed to believe
that all They, who They had Reafon to believe did
hate Cromwellj would eafily be induced to fervc the
• King : .A.nd many of the Officers in their Behaviour,
Difcourfes and Familiarity, contributed to that Belief;
fome of them, not without the Privity and Allowance
of Cromwellj or his Secretary Tburlow. And upon
Overtures oiF this Kind, and wonderful Confidence of
Succefs, even upon the Preparations which were in
Readinefs, of and by his own Party, feveral Mcflcn-
gers were fent to the King; and by all of them fharp
and paffionate Complaints againfl thofe Perfons, who
were fo much and ftill in the fame Confidence with
him, as Men who were at Eafe, and i^inclined to
venture themfelves upon dangerous or doubtful En»
tcrprifes. They complained, " that when They im-
** parted to them or any one of them" (for They
knew not of his Majcfty's Reference to them, but had
of themfelves reforted to them as Men of the greateftfisl
Reputation for their Afie6tions and Experience ) ** a
*' Defign which had been well confulted and c^elibe-
*' rated by thofe who meant to venture their own Lives
*'in the Execution of it. They made fo many Ex-
** cufes and Arguments and Obje6tions againfl: it, as if
** it were wholly unadvifable and unpradicable ; and
*'when They propofed the meeting and conferring
*' with fome of the Officers, who were refolved to ferve
** his Majefty, and were willing to advife with them, as
*' Men of more Interefl: and who had managed greater
** Commands, uppn the Places of Rendezvous, and
*' what Method ftioyld be obferved in the Enterprifes,
*' making no Scruple themfelves to receive Orders
*' from them, or to do all Things They Ihould re-
** quire which might advance his Majefly's Service^

^* thefe

Edward E^r/ ^CLARfeNDON, &c. ^

"thefc Gentlemen only wiflied them to take Heed
"They were not dcftroyed, and pofitivcly rcfufed to
"meet or confer with any of the Officers of the
" Army : And hereupon** They faid " all the King's
"Party was fo incenfcd againft them, that They no
" more would have Recourfe to them, or make any
"Conjundlion with them.** They informed his Ma-
jcfty at large of the Animofity that was grown be-
tween two of the principal Perfons, and the origi-
nal Caufe thereof, and therefore defired ** that fome
" Perfon might be fent, to whom They might repair
" for Orders, until the King himfelf difcerned that all
"Preparations were in fuch a Readinefs, that He
"might rcafonably venture his Royal Perfon with
" them.**

Though He was not at all fatisfied with the
Grounds of their Expeftation and Proceedings, and
therefore could not blame the Warinefs and Referved-
ncfs of the other, and thought their Apprehenfion of
being betrayed (which in the Language of that Time
was called trepanned) which befel fome Men every
Day, very reafonable ; yet the Confidence of many
honeft Men who were fure to pay dear for any ra£h
Undertaking, and their Prefumption in appointing a
peremptory Day for a general Rendezvous over the
Kingdom, but efpecially the Divifion of his Friends,
and Sharpnefs againft thofe upon whom He principal-
ly relied, was the Caufe of his fending over the Lord
Rocbefter^ and of his own Concealment in Zealand:
the Succefs whereof, and the ill Confequence of thofe
precipitate Refolutions, in the Slaughter of many
worthy and gallant Gendemen with all the Circurp-
ftances of Infolence and Barbarity, are mentioned in
their proper Places.

But thefe unhappy and fatal Mifcarriages, and the
lad Speftacles which enfued, made not thofe Impref-
fions upon the AfFeftions and Spirits of the King's
Friends, as they ought to have done ; nor rendered
0ic Wfuincfs and Difcretion of thofe who had diflua-

ded

3<> T!be Cmtinuation of the Life of

kins a good Intelligence between Tempers and Un*>^
derftandings fo di^rent, the Marquis had the fame

good Fortune to retire from thence and bring himfelf
fe to the King; which was the more wonderful Prc-
fcrvation^ in that, during the whole Time of his A-
bode in Londo^ny He had trufted no Man more, nor
conferred with any Man fo much, as with that Pcr-
fon of the feleS Knot^ who had been corrupted to give
all Intelligence to Cromwell: And as He had now
blafled and diverted fome ill laid Defigns, fo He had
difcovered the Marquis his Arrival to him, but could
not be prevailed with to inform him of his Lodging,
which was particularly known to him upon every
Change, or to contrive any Way for his Apprehen-
fion -, on the contrary, as in all his Conferences with
him He appeared a Man of great Judgment and Per-(i7;
fpicacity, and the moll ready to engage his Perlbn in
any Adion that might be for his Majefty*s Advantage,
fo He feemed beft to underftand the Temper of the
Time, and the Parts, Faculties and Intereft of all
the King's Party; and left the Marquis abundantly
fatisfied with him, and of the general good Reputa-
tion He had with all Men : Which had afterwards an
ill Effeft, for it kept the King and thofe who were
trufted by him from giving Credit to the firft Infor-
mation He received, from a Perfon who could not be
' deceived, of his Tcrgiverfation ; his late Fidelity to
the Marquis of Ormond weighing down with them all
the Intimations, until the Evidence was fo pregnant,
that there was no Room for any Doubt.

After all thefe Endeavours by the King to dif-
countenance and fupprefs all unleaibnable A^on
amongft his Party, and to infufe into them a Spirit of
Peace and Quiet till He himfelf could appear in the
Head of fome foreign Forces, which He looked upon
as the only reafonable Encouragement that could ani-
mate his Friends to declare for him-, the generous
Diftemper and Impatience of their Nature was incor-
rigible. They thought the Expcdlation of Miracles

from

£dwar]> E^/ ^ Clarendon, &c. 31

fiDm God Almighty was too lazy and ftupid a Confi-
drnce, and that God no Icfs required their Endeavours
and Adtivity, than They hoped for his Benediftion in
their Succe^. New Hopes were entertained, and Coun-
ieb fuitable entered upon. Mr. Mordaunt the younger
Son and Brother to the Earls of Peterborough^ who was
too young in the Time of the late War to z& any
Part in it, had lately undergone, after Cromwell him-
felf had taken great Pains in the Examination of him,
a fcvcrc Trial before the High Court of Jufticc;
where by his own Angular Addrefs and Behaviour,
and his Friends having wrought by Money upon fome
of the Witneflcs to abfent themfelves. He was by one '
fingle Voice acquitted -, and after a longer Detention
in Prifon by the Indignation of Cromwelly who well
knew his Guilt, and againft the Rules and Forms of
their own Juftice, He was difcharged, after moft of
his Aflbdates were publickly and barbaroufly put to
icveral Kinds of Death. And He no fooner found
himfelf at Liberty, than he engaged in new Intrigues,
how He might deftroy that Government that was fo
near deftroying him. The State of the Kingdom was
indeed altered, and He had Encouragement to hope
well, which former Undertakers, and himfelf in his,
had been without. Cromwell had entered into a War
irith Spain ; and the King was received and permitted
to live in Flanders^ with fome Exhibition from that
King for his Support, and Aflurance of an Army to
embark for England^ (which made a great Noife, and
raifed the broken Hearts of his Friends after fo many
Diftreflcs) which his Majefty was contented fhould be
generally reputed to be greater and in more Forward-
nefs, than there was Caufe for. He had likewife an-
other Advantage much fuperiour and of more Impor-
tance than the other, by the Death of Cromwell, which
fell out without or beyond Expeftation, which feemed
to put an End to all his Stratagems, and to diffolve
the whole Frame of Government in the three King-
doms, and to open many Doors to the King to enter

upon

24 "^^^ Continuation tf the Life of

deceived by a Man, whom all the Kingdom woidd
have trufted. The ridiculous Dethroning of Richard
by the Army, and the reaffembling that Part of the
old Parliament which was called the Rump^ and which
was more terrible than any fmgle Perfon could be,
becaufe They prefently returned into their old Track,
and renewed their former Rigour againft their old,(i9
more than their new Enemies^ rather advanced than
reftraincd this Combination ; too much being known
to too many to be fecure any other way than by pur-
suing it. So the King and Duke according to their
fbrmer Refolution went to Calais and Bo§MfgfUy and
prepared as well to make a Defcent into Kent with
fuch Numbers of Men, as the Condition They wcrt
in would permit. How, many of thofe Dcfigns came
to be wonderfully and even miraculoufly difappointed^
and Sir Ge^ge Booth defeated by Lambert^ are particu-
larly fet down by thofe who have taken upon them to
mention the Tranfadfcions of thofe Timesf. And from
thence the Univerfality of all who were, or were fuf-
pcfted to be, of the King's Party, were according to
Cuftom imprifoned, or otherwifc cruelly entreated;
and thereupon a new Fire kindled amongft them-
fclves : They who had done Nothing reproaching
them who had brought that Storm upon them ; and
They who had been engaged, more loudly and bit-
terly curfing the other as Defertcrs of the Kings, and
the Caufe of the Ruin of his Caufe through tlieir
Want of Courage, or what was worfe, of AfFe£tion.
Aiid fo all Mens Mouths were opened wider to accufc
And defame each other, than to defend their own In-
tegrity and their LivwS.
^wJm^ I HAVE thought myfelf obliged to renew the Me-
^f^jj^metry of all thcfi; Particulars, that the feveral.ViciflL-
FrWiSf\«tude$ and Stages may be known, by which the Jea^^
jjjj'^l^^. .loufics. Murmurs and DifaffedUons, in the Royal Party
foj. Mnotigia themfdves and againft each other, had mount-
ed to that Height, which the King found them at when
^^Je returjiftd j whw in Truth. very few Men of aftivc
' - , JMindsy

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 35

Minds, and upon whom He could depend in any fud-
den Occafion chat might probably prefs him, can be
named, who had any Confidence in each other. All
Men were foil of bitter Refledtions upon the Anions
and Behaviour of others, or of Excufes and Apologies
for thcmfelvcs for what They thought might be
diargcd upon them. The- wofiil Vice of Drinking, My^'l^
from the Uneafincfe of their Fortune, or the Necdflty t, d!m^
of frequent Meetings together, for which Taverns
were the moft fccure Places, had fpread itfelf very far ^
in that Claffis of Men, as well as upon other Parts ik
the Nation, in all Counties ; and had exceedingly
weakened the Parts, ,and broken the Underftanding»
of many, who had formerly competent Judgments,
and had been in all RefpeOs fit for any Truft ; and
had prevented the Growth of Parts in many young
Men, who ha4 good AfTedtions, but had been from
their Entping into the World fo corrupted with that
Excels, and other Licence of the Time, that They
only made much Noife, and, by their extravagant
and icandalous Debauches, brought manv Calumnies
and Difeftimation upon that Caufe whicn They pre-
tended to advance. They who had fufFered much in
their Fortunes and by frequent Imprifonments and
Sequeftrations and Compofitions, expefted large Re-
compenfes and Reparations in Honours which They
could not fupport, or Offices which They could not
difcharge, or Lands and Money which the King had
not to give •, ^ all difpaflloned Men knew the Con-
didons which the King was obliged to perform, and
that the Aft of Indemnity difcharged all thofe For-
feitures, which could have been applied to their Be-
nefit : And therefore They who had been without
Comparifon die gfeateft Sufferers in their Fortunes,
and in all Refoefts had merited moft, never made any
inconvenient buits to the King, but modeftly left the
Memory and Confideration of all They had done or
undergone, to his Majefty's own gracious Reflcftions.

JD 2 They

3? ^be Ccntinuation of tit Life of . :

and Rekdons ; and Thev who agreed in Nothing
clfc, were at Unity and of one Mind, in telling ridi-
culous Stones to the King hinifelf of his Vanity and
Behaviour, and laying thofe Afperfions upoa him, as
were moft like to leflcn the King's Opinion of kim,
and to perfuade him that the Recompenfcs He had
already received, were abundandy more than the Ser-
vices He had performed : Which Kind of Iniinuadons
from fevcral Pcrfons, who fecmed not to do it by
Concert, together with fome Prejudice the noble Per-
fbn did himfelf by fome unfeafonable Importunities,
as if He thought He had deferved very much, did
for fome Time draw a more ungracious Countenance
from the King towards him, than his own Nature
difpofed him to, or than the other's Angular and ufe-
ful Aftivity, though liable to fome Levity or Vanity,
did deferve ; and which the (ame Perfons, who pro-
cured it, made Ufe of againft thofe who were in moft
Truft about the King, as Arguments of the little
Efteem They had of thofe who had done the King
moft Service, when a Man of fo eminent Merit, as
Mr. Mardaunty was fo totally negleded ; and did all
They could to infufe the fame Apprehcnfions into
him. When the Truth is, moft Men were afFcded,
and more grieved and diicontented, for any Honour
and Preferment which They faw conferred upon aao-r
ther Man, than for being difappointed in their own
particular Expedlations ; and looked upon every Ot>-
^gatlon beftowed upon another Man, how meritori.
Qus foever, as upon a Reproach to them, and an Up-
braiding q£ their Want of Merit,
72^/tfiyjbr. This unhappy Temper and Conftitution of tho
2f »"*'« Royal Party, with whom He had always intended to
Frtai^Lth have made a firm Conjundion againft all Accidents
5^«/i^ and Occurrences \yhich might happen at home or from
abroad, did wonderfiilly difplcafc and trouble the King;
and, with the other Perplexities which are mentioned
before, did fo break his Mind, and had that Opera-
tion uj^on his Spirits, that finding He ^xmld not pro-

pofe

Edward Ear/ qf Clar^nbo^Jj&c, 39

pole any fiich Method to himfclf, by which He might
ezcricate himfelf out of thofe many Difficulties and
Labyrinths in which He was involved, nor expedite
thofe important Matters which depended upon the
Good* Will and Difpatch of the Parliament, which
would proceed by its own Rules and with its accuf-
tomed Formalities, He grew more difpofed to leave Hegtvubim.
aU Things to their .natural Courfe, and God's ProvN -^^4'.^'
dence ; and by Degrees unbent his Mind from the
knotty and ungrateftil Part of his Bufineis, grew more
remifs in his Amplication to it, and indulged to his
Youth and Appetite that Licenfe and Satis^dion that
it defired, and for which He had Opportunity enough^
and could not be without Minifters abundant for any
fiich Negotiations ; the Time itfelf; and the ybviftg
People thereof of either Sex having been educated iii
fdl the Liberty of Vice without Reprehenfion or Re^
ftraint. All Relations were confounded by the feveral mchdMc/s of
Sc6fci in Retigion, which difcountenanced all Former ^^Jj^*;,
of Reverence and Refpe£t, as Reliques and Marks t)f uueybiardy,
Soperftition, Children asked not BlefTmg of their Pa^
rents ; nor did They concern tbemfelves in the Edu*
cation of their Children, but were well content that
They fbould cake any Courfe to maintain themfelves,
that They might be free from that Expenfe. TKfe
young Women converfed without anyCircumfpeftiori
or Modefty, and frequently met at Taverns and com-
mon Eatinghoufes -, and They who were ftrift^r and
more fevere in their Comportment, became the Wives
of the feditious Preachers or of Officers of the AYmy*
The Daughters of noble and illuftrious Families bc^
ftowed themfelves upon the Divines of the Time, or
other low and unequal Matches. Parents had no
Manner of Authority over their Children, nor Chil-
dren any Obedience or Submiffion to their Parents' j
^"^but ivery am did that which was good in bis own Eyes.
This unnatural Antipathy had its firft Rife from the
beginning of the Rebellion, when the Fathers and
Sons eng^ed themfelves in the contrary Paities, the

D 4 QVfif

40 72r Cmtinuaiim of the Life of

one choofing to ferve the King, and the other the Par-
liament ; which Divifion and Contradidion of Afiec-
cions was itfterwards improved to mutual Animofities
and direft Malice, by the Help of the Preachers and
the fcvend Faftions in Religion, or by the Abfence of
all Religion : So that there were never fuch Examples
of Impiety between fuch Relations in any Age of the
World, Chriftian or Heathen, as that wicked Time
from the Beginning of the Rebellion to the King*s
Return ; of which the Families of Hoibam and Vam
are fufficient Inftances, though other more iUuftrious
Houfes may be named, where the fame accurfed Fruit
was too plentifully gathered, and too notorious to the
World, The Relation between Mafters and Servants
had been lon^ lince diflblved by the Parliament, chat
their Army might be increafed by the Prentices againft
their Mafters Confcnt, and that They might have In^
tellu^nce of the ferret Meetings and Trania£tions in
thofe Hou&s and Families which were not devoted to
them ; from whence iflvied the fbulcft Treacheries and
Perfidioufiieis that were ever prated : And the Blood
of the Mailer W4s frequendy the Price of the Servant's
ViUany.

CROMJVELL had been moft ftrift and fcvcre
in the forming the Manners of his Army, and in chaf-
tiling mi Irregularities ; infomuch that fure there was
never any fuch Body of Men, fo without Rapine,
Swearing, Drinking, or any other Debauchery, but the
Wickedncfs of their Hearts : And all Perfons cheriihed
by him were of the fame Leven, and to common Ap-
pearance without the Pradtic^ of any of thofe Vices,
which were moft infamous to the People, and which
drew the publick Hatred upon thofe who were noto-
riouQy guilty of them, But then He was well pleafed
with the moft fcand^ous Lives of thofe who pretended
to be for the King, and wiflied that all his were fuch,
a;id took all the Pains He could that They might be
generally thought to be fuch ; whereas in Truth the
greateft Part of thofe who were gujlty of thofe Dif-

ordcrsj^

Edward Earl of Clarenj^on^ &c. 41

orders, were young Men, who had never feen the
King, and had been born and bred in thofe corrupt
Times wben there was w King in IJrael. He was equal-
ly delighted with the Luxury and Voluptuoufheis of
the Prejbyterians^ who in Contempt of the Thrift, Sor-
didnefs and affe&ed ill Breeding of the Jndependants^
thought it became them to live morejp;eneroufly, and
were not ftrift in reftraining or mortifying the unruly
and inontinate Appedte of Fleih and Blood, but in-
dulged it with too much and too open Scandal, from
which He reaped no fmall Advantage ; and wifhed all
thofe who were not his Friends fhould not only be in-
feded, but given over to the Praftice of tne mod
odious Vices and Wickednefs*

In a Word, the Nation was corrupted from that
Integ^ty, good Nature and Generofity that had been
peculiar to it, and for which it had been fignal and
celebrated throughout the World; in the Room
whereof the vileft Craft and Diflembling had fucceed<
ed. The Tendernefs of the Bowels which is the
Quinteflence of Jul^ce and CompalTion, the very
Mention of good Nature, was laughed at and looked
upon as the Mark and CharaAer of a Fool ; and a
Roughnefs of Manners, or Hardheartednefs and Cru-r
elty was afiefted. In the Place of Generofity, a vile
and fordid Love of Money was enteruinod ^ the
trueft Wifdom, and any Thing lawful that would
contribute towards being rich* There was a total
Decay, or rather a final Expiration, of all Friend-
(hip ; and to difluade a Man from any Thing He
affe£M, or to reprove him for any ThLig He had
^3) done amifi, or to advife him to do any Thing He
had no Mind to do, was thought an Impertinence
unworthy a wife Man, ^d received with Reproach
and Contempt. Thefe Dilapidations and Ruins of the
ancient Candour andDifcipline were not taken enough
to Heart, and repaired with that early Care and Seve-
rity that they might have been ; for they were not then
incorrigibly s byt by the Remjflhefs of applying Re-
medics

4^ fhe Cmtimmtim of the Life tf

medics to fome, and the Unwariaefs in gmng a Kind
of Countenance to others, too much of that F6ifon
infinuated itfelf into Minds not well fortified againft
' fuch InfeAion : So that much of the Malignity was
tranfplanted inftead of being extinguifhed, to the Cor-
ruption of many wholfome Bodies^ which, being cor-
mpted, fpread the Difeafes more powerf ofly' and mbre
mifchievoufly.

That the King might be the more vacant to thoft
Thoughts and Divertifcments which plcafed him bcft,
He appointed the Chancellor and fome other, to have
frequent Conlbltations with fuch Members df the Par-
liament, who were moft able and willing to ferve him i
^d to concert all the Ways and Means, by which the
Tranfaftions in the Houfes might be carried with the
more Expedition, and attended with the beft Succefs,
The daily Conferences proved very beneficial to his
Majefly*s Service ; the Members of both Houfes be-
ing very willing to receive Advice and Direftion, and
to purfue what They were direded ; and all Things
were done there in good Order, and fucceeded weU,
rhifJdOmfi All the Courts of Juftice in Wifirnkfier-'HaU vf^rc pre-
^5^««. fc^tiy gucd ^th grave and learned Judges, who ha4
cither dcferted their Practice and Profe(rKM> doring afl
the rebellious Times, or had given full Bvidence of
their Afiedtion to the King and the eftablifted Laws
in many weighty Inftances : And They wore then

Juickly fent in their fevtral Circuits, to adminifter
uftice to the People according to the old Forms of
Law, which was univerfally received and fobmitted
to with all poffible Joy and Satisfaftion. All Com^
miflions of the Peace were renewed, and the Names
of thofe Perfons inferted therein, who had been mcA
eminent Sufferers for the King, and were known to
have entire AfFeftions for his Majefty and the Laws )
though it was not poffible, but fome would get and
continue in, who were of more doubtful Inclinations,
by their not being known to him whofe Province it
was to depute them. Denied it cannot be, that thera

appeared.

Edward EarJ of Claeendom^ &i:. 43

appeared, foooer than was thought poflible, a gene-
ol Settkmeoc in the civil Juitice of the Kingdom.^
that no Man complaiiied without Remedy, and every
Mm dwdt ogam und^ the Shadow of his own Vine^
vithdut any Complaint of Imuflice and Oppreillon.

The- King expofed himieU with more G>ndercenr
fioo than was necefiky to Peribns of all Conditions,
lieard all that They hsd a Mind to fay to him, and
^etfaemfuch Anlwers as for the preientieemed full
of Grace. He was too well pleafed to bear both the
Men and the Women of all Faftions and Fancies in
ReligiDn difcourlie in then; own Method, and enlarged
himSlf in Debate with them \ which made every one
believe that They were more favoured by him thaa
They had Caufe : Which Kind of Liberty, though
at fii^ it was accompanied with Acclamations and Ac-
knowle^pient of his being a Prince of rare Parts and
ASkbility, yet it was attended afterwards with illCon^
iequences, and gave many Men Oroortunity to de-
clare and pid^lilh, that the King had iaid many Things
xo them which He had never &id, $uid made mai^
CoQceffions and Promiies to them which He had ner
ver uttered or thought upon,

Th jb Chancellor was generally thought to haveTSr ctaftcei-
wxA. Credit with his.Mafter, and moft Power in the^g;^^
(H)Counfels5 becaufe the King referred aU Matters oipuhuck^tanj^
what Kind ibever to him. And wholbever repaired''^"^*
to Inm for his DireAion in any Bufinefe was lent to
dc Chancellor, not only becau& He had ^ great Con-
fidence in his Integrity, having beenwitb him fo many
Years, and df wh(^e indefatigable Induftry He 'and
all Men had great Experience \ but becaufe He iaw
thc^ Men, whom He was as wilUng to truft, and
id» had at kaft an equal Share in his Affedions,
more inclined to EaTe and Pleafure, and' willing that
die Weight of the Work fhould lie on the Chancel-
Wa Shoulders, with whom They had an entire Friend-
flup, and knew well that They fhould with more Eafe
be confuked by him Hi all Matters of Importance.

Nor

44 ^ Cmtifttiotim of the Lift xf

Nor was it poflibk fer him, at tiic firft CoQiiag, to
ar(Md die being engaged in all the Counl^ of how
diftinft a Nature foever» becanfe He had been bcft
acquainted with all Tranladjons whiUb the Cn^ was
abroad ; and therefore Gmunuiucation with him in
all Things was thought neccfliuy by thofe, who were
to have any Part in them : Befides that He amtinued
ftill Chancellor of the Exchequer by Virtue of the
Grant formerly made to him by the laft King« during
whofe Time He executed duit Office, but refiihred to
furrender it into the King^s Hand as ibon as his Ma-^
jefly ihould refolve on whom to confer it; He piopo-
fing Nothing to himfclf, but to be left at Liberty to
intend only the Difcharge of his own Office, which
He thought himfelf unequal to, and hoped only to
improve nis Talent that Way by a moft diligent Ap-
plication, well knowing; the great Abilities of thofe
who had formerly fate m that Office, and that They
found it required their full Time and all their Facul-
ties. And therefore He did moft heartily define to
meddle with Nothing but that Province, which, thou^
in itfclf and the conftant Perquifites of it not fuffi-
cicnt to fupport the Dignity of^ it, yet was then upon
the Kin^s Return ; and, after it had been fb many
Years without a lawful Officer, would unc^ueftionably
bring in Money enough to be a Foundation to a fu-
ture Fortune competent to his Ambition, and enough
to provoke the Envy of many, who believed They
defcrved better than He. And that this was the Tem-
per and Relblution He brought with him XmoEnglani^
and how unwillingly He departed from it, wiS evi-
dently appear by two or three Inftances which fhall be
given in their proper Place, However, He could not
expcft that Fn^om, till the Council fhould be fettled
(into which the King admitted all who had been Coun-
feliors to his Father and had not emincndy forfeited
that Promotion by their Revolt, and many of th<^
who had been and ftill were recommended by the Ge-
neral, amongft whom there were ibme, who would

not

Edward Earl $/* Clarendon, f^c^ 45

not have been received upon any other Title) and
until thofe Officers could be fettled, who might take
pardcular Care of their feveral Provinces.

The King had upon great Deliberation whilft He
was beyond the Seas, alter his Return appeared in
View, firmly refblved to reform thofe Excefles which
were known to be in the gr^at Offices, efpecially in

. dKife of his Houlhold, whiUt the Places were vacant,
and to reform all extravagant Expenfes there ; and
firft himlelf to gratify thofe who had followed and
ferved him, in fettling them in fuch inferiour Offices
and Places, as Cuftom had put in the Diipolal of the
great Officers when they ihould become vacant after
their Admiffion. And of this Kind He had made
many Promifes, and given many Warrants under his
Sign Manual to Peribns who to his own Knowledge
had merited thofe Obligations. But moft of thofe
Piedeterminations, and many other Refblutions of that
Kmd, vanilhed and expired in the Jollity of the Re-
turn, and new Inclinations and AfTe&ions feemed to
be nx>re feafonable. The General, who was the foleT&Cmtr^

WPillar of the King's Confidence, had by the Parlia-JJ^'"
menc been invefted (before the King's Return) in all sOgmi tim
the Offices and Commands which Cromwell had en.£^''*^'"
joyed. He was Lieutenant of Ireland^ and General
or all the Armies and Forces raifed, or to be raifed,
in the three Kingdoms ; and it was not fit that He
Ihould be degraded from either upon his Majefty's
Arrival : Therefore all Diligence was uied in difpatch-
ing Grants of all thofe Conunands to him under the
Great Seal a£ England. And that He might be obliged Af^fuorM
to be always near his Majefty*s Perfon, He was pre- g'g^g^
fently fwom Gentleman of the Bedchamber; andi«r,««/ji£^.
might choofc what Office He liked bcft in the Court, ^f '*•
whilft Tides of Honour were preparing by the At-
torney, and Particulars of Lands encjuired after by
the Auditors and Receivers, which m all Reipefts
might r^fe him to that Height which would moft
pl^e him. He made Choice to be Mafter of the

Horfe,

48 ^be Continuation of the Life of

Truft and Confidence in which He was placed. Widi
his, the two. other white Suves were cUfpofed of to
thofe to whom they were defigned, when the King was
Prince of Wales^ by his Father : And all other infe-
riour Officers were made, who were to take Care of
the Expenfes of the Houfe, and were a great Part of
it*

And thus the King's Houfe quickly appeared in its
full Luftre, the Eating and Drinking very grateful to
all Men, and the Charge and Expenfe ot it much ex-
ceeding the Precedents of the moft luxurious Times;
and all this before there was any Provifion of ready
Money, or any Aflignation of a future Fund, to dii-
charge or fupport it. All Men were ready to deliver
their Goods upon Truft, the Officers too remifs in
computing the Difburfements ; inlbmuch as the Debts
contracted by thoie Exceflcs in lefs than the firft Year
broke ail the Meafures in that Degree, that they could
not fuddenly be retrenched for the future; and the
Debt itfelf was not difcharged in many Years.
. The King had in his Purpofc, long before his
Return, to make the Earl of Southampton (who was
the moft valued and eftcemcd of all the Nobility, and
generally thought worthy of any Honour or Office)
Lord High Treafurer oi England \ but He defired
firft to fee fome Revenue fettled by the Parliament,
and that Part of the old, which had been fold and
diipcrfed by extravagant Grants and Sales, reduced
into the old Channel, and regularly to be received and
paid, and the Cuftoms to be put in fuch Order (which
were not yet granted, and only continued by Orders
as illegal as the late Times had been accuftomed to,
and to the Authority whereof He had no Mind to ad-
minifter) before He was willing to receive the Staff.
And fo the Office of the Treafury was by Commiffion
executed by feveral Lords of the Council, whereof the
Chancellor, as well by the Dignity of his Place, as by
his ftill being Chancellor of the Exchequer, was one,
and fo engaged in the putting the Cuftoms likewife

into

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 49

into Commiffioners Hands, and fettling all the other
Branches of the Revenue in fuch Manner as was
thought mod reafonable ; in all Debates whereof his
Majcfty himfelf was ftill prefent, and approved the
Conclufion. But after a Month or two ipent in this
Method, in the Crowd of fo much Bufinefs of feveral
Natures, the King found fo little Expedition that He
thought it heft to determine that Commiffion, and fo
«ve the Staff to the Earl of Southampton^ and madeTibf^^eT
him Treafurcr. And the Chancellor at the fame Time ^^^S^
furrendering his Office of Chancellor of the Exchequer ^«!/iwr.
into the King's Hands, his Majefty upon the humble
(i7;Defire of the Earl conferred that Office upon Sir An-jMSirkn-
tbMf 4/blej Cooper, who had married his Niece, and^^;^
wh^ Parts well enough qualified him for the Dif- ct^t^tu
charge thereof; though fome other Qualities of his, ^^***'*^*
as well known, brought no Advantage to his Majefty
by that Promotion. And from this Time the Chan-
cellor would never intermeddle in the Bufinefs of the
Exchequer, nor admit any Applications to him in it :
However, the Frlendfhip was fo great between the
Treafurcr and him, and fo notorious from an ancient
Date, and from a joint Confidence in each other in
the Service of the laft King, that neither of them con-
cluded any Matter of Importance without confulting
with the other. And fo the Treafurcr, Marquis of
Ormond, the General, with the two Secretaries of State,
were of that fecret Committee with the Chancellor,
whkh, under the Notion of foreign Aflairs, were ap-
pointed by the King to confult all his Afi^rs before
they came to a public Debate ; and in which there
could not be a more united Concurrence of Judgments
and AflfefHons.

Yet it was the Chancellor's Misfortune to be thought
to have the greateft Credit with the King, for the Rea-
ibns mentioned before, and which for fome Time feem-
cd to be without Envy, by Reafon of his many Years
Service of the Crown ^ and conftant Fidelity to the
fame, and his long Attendance upon the Perfon of his
Vol. II. E Majefty

52 T'be Continuation of the L^ of

had been juft ia him ; or if He had withdrawn his
Grace and Favour from him, and left him to be fa-
crificed by the Envy and Rage of others; though at
this Time He was not thought to have many Enemies,
nor indeed any who were Friends to any other honeft
Men. But the King's own Knowledge of his Inno*
cence, and thereupon his gracious Condefcenlion and
Interpofition, diverting any rough Proceeding, ahdib
a contrary EfFeft to what hath been mentioned having
been produced from thence; the Chancellor's Greats
nel's feemed to be thereby confirmed,* his Family efta-
bliihcd above the Reach of common Envy, and hi*
Fortune to be in a growing and profperous Gmdition
not like to be (hakcn. And after many Years BDflef-
fion of this Profpcrity, an unexpefted Guft of IMf-
pleafure took again its Rife from this Original, and
overwhelmed him with Variety and Succeffion of Mif-
fbrtunes.

Th £ Chancellor, as foon as the King was at IVbite-
ball^ had fent for his Daughter, having a Dcfign pre-
fently to marry her; to which Purpofe He had an
Overture from a noble Family, on the Behalf of a
well-bred hopeful young Gentleman, who was the
Heir of it. His Daughter quickly arrived at her Fa-
ther's Houfe, to his great Joy, having alvirays had a
great AfFcftion for her; and She being his eldeft
Child, He had more Acquaintance with her than
with any of his Children ; and being now of an Age
fit for Marriage, He was well pleafed that He had an
Opportunity to place her in fuch a Condition, as with
God's Bleffing was like to yield her much Content.
rtiDukit She had not been long in England^ when the Duke in-
^^^^formed the King «of the Aficftion and Engagement
'*'" that had been long between them; that They had
" been long contrafted, and that She was with Child :"
And therefore with all imaginable Importunity He
begged his Majeftjr's Leave and PcrmilTion upon his
Knees " that He might publickly marry her, in fuch
** a Manacr as his.Majefty thought ncceflary for the

"Con^

Edward ^Edrl of Clarendon, &c. 53

^Confequence thereof," The King was much trou-
bled with it, and more with his Brother's Pailion,
which was exprefled in a very wonderful Manner and
with many Tears, protefting '* that if his Majefty
^J" (hould not give his Confent, He would immediate-
** \j leave the Kingdom, and muft fpcnd his Life in
•* foreign Parts." His Majefty was very much per-
plexed to refolve what to do : He knew the Chancel-
lor £> well, that He concluded that He was not privy
ID it, nor would ever approve it ; and yet that it might
draw much Prejudice upon him, by the Jealoufy of
thofe who were not well acquainted with his Nature.
He prefently fent for the Marquis of Ormond and the
Earl of SoutbamptoHj who He well knew were his Bo- 'n>tisngja,dt
fom-Briends, and informed them at large and of all ^,^^,
Particulars which had pafTed from the Duke to him, ^^ ^««*
and commanded them prefently to fee for the Chan-5I^/o^v«,
ccllor to come to his own Chamber at IVbiteballj where
They would meet him upon a Bulinefs of great Im-
portance, which the Kiqg had commended to them
for their joiDt Advice. They no fooner met, than
the Marquis of Ormond told the Chancellor, ^^ that
^He had a Matter to inform him of, that He
<« doubted would give him n>uch Trouble;" and
therefore advifed him to compofe himfelf to hear it :
And then told him, "that the Duke of Tork had
*^ owned a great Affcdion for his Daughter to the
"King, and that He much doubted that She was
" with Child by the Duke, and that the King re-
" quired the Advice of them and of him what He
"was to do,"

The Manner of the Chancellor's receiving this •y^o^^'^-
Advertifcmcnt made it evident enough* that He was,tiX^'*"^
ftruck with it to the Heart, and had never had the h«»^.
Icaft Jealouly or Apprehenfion of it. He broke out
into a very immoderate Paffion againft the Wicked-
nefs of his Daughter, and faid with all imaginable
^meftnefs, *' that as foon as He came Home, He
•* would turn her oyt of his Houfe, as a Strumpet,

E 3 "to

j4 ^A? Continuatkm tf tb^ L^ (^

" to fliift for hcrfelf, an4 would acwr fee her-^fain.*
They told him, ^* that his Paifion was too violent t»
" adminifter good. Counfel to him^ thatXhef liioughc
^>that the Duke was married to his.D«uffhttr, and
'^ that there were other Meafures to. be takeo^ than
" thofc which the Diforder He w?fe io bad $]g^^ed
" to him.'* Whereupon He fell into new Commo-
tions, and faid, " if that were true. He was wellpre*
Aitdbnah f« pared to advife what was to be done : That He Lad
^r^«mi3ch rather his Daughter fhould he the Duke?*
-p*^r». ** Whore, than his Wife : Li the fiarmer Cafe No^.
^^ body could; bUme him for the Refc^ution He had:
" taken, for He was not obliged to keep a Whore for
** the greateft Prince alive ; and the Indignity to him-
" fclf He would fubmit to the good Pteafure of God
" But if there were any Reafon to.fufpeft the other,
•' He was ready to give a pofitivc Judgment, in which
*^ He hoped their Lordfhips would concur with him 5
'* that the King fhould immediately caufe the Womaa
" to be fent to the Tomer^ and to be ca|t into a Dun*<
*^ g?on, under fp drift a Guard, that no Perfon liv-
'*ing fhould be admitted to come to herj and then
*^ that an Aft of Parliament IhoiUd be immediately
'♦ pafled for the cutting oflF her He^ to which He
•^ would not only give his Confcnt, but would very
♦^ willingly be the firft Man that fhould propofe it :"
And whoever knew the Man, will believe that He
fajd all this very heartily.

In this Point of Time the King entered the Room,
and fate down at the Table ; and perceiving by his
Countenance the Agony the Chancellor was in, and
his fwoUen Eyes from whence a Ftood of Tears were
fallen, K[e asked the other Lords, "what They had
"done, and whether They had refblved on any
" Thing." The Earl of Sotabamptoti faid, " his Ma.
"jefty mufl confult with foberer Men; that Hc^
(poindng to the Chancellor) "was mad, and had
" propofed fuch extravagant Things, that He was no*
V nwrc to bje confultcd with.*' Whereupon his Ma-

jefty

Edward Earl gf Clarendon, 6fr. 55

jcfty looking upon him with a wonderful Benignity,
(s^ifaid, ** ChanceUor, I knew this Bufmefs would trou-
**ble foxxy and therefore I appointed your two Friends
'* CO c6nfer firft with you upon it, before I would fpeak
" wiA you myfcif : But You muft now lay afide all
^Pftifion that difturbs you, and confider that this
^'Bufineis will not do itfelf ; that it will quickly take
"Air; and therefore if is fit that I firft rcfolve what
" to do, before other Men uncalled prefume to give
"their Couniel: Tell me therefore what You would
" have me do, and I will follow your Advice/' Then
his Majefty enlarged upon the Paflion of his Brother,
and the Expreifioiis He had often ufed, " that He
" was not capable of having any other Wife, and the
" like.** Upon which the Chancellor arofe, and with
a little Compofednefs faid, ^'Sir, I hope I need make
" no Apology to you for myfelf, and of my own in
" this Matter, upoii which I look with fo much De-
"teftation, that though I could have wifhed, that
^ your Brother had not thought it fit to have put this
"Dilgraceupon me, I had much rather fubmit and"
"bear it with all Humility, than that it fhould be rc-
" paired by ^ making her his Wife i the Thought
" whereof I da fo much abominate, that I had much
" rather fee her dead, with all the Infamy that is due
"to her Prefumption." And then He repeated all
that He had before faid to the Lx)rds, of fending her
prefently to the Tower ^ and the reft •, and concluded,'
"Sir, 1 do upon all my Oaths which I have taken to
"you to give jrou faithful Counfels, and from all the
" fincere Gratitude I ftand obliged to you for fo many
"Obligations, renew this Counfel to you j and do be-
" feech you to purfue ir, as the only Expedient that
" can free you from the Evils that this Bufinefs wUl
" otherwifc bring upon you." And obferving by the
King's Countenance, that He was not pleafed with
his Advice, He continued and faid, '*I am the duUeft
" Creature alive, if, having been with your Majefty
" fo mvy Years; I do- not know your Infirmities bet-

E 4 •* tcr

56 The Continuation of the Life of

" ter than other Men. You are of too eafy and gcn-
" tic a Nature to contend with thofe rough Affronts^
" which the Iniquity and Licence of the late Times
*' is like to put upon you, before it be fubdued and
" reformed. The Prefumption all Kinds of Men have
" upon your Temper is too notorious to all Men, and *
** lamented by all who wifh you well : And, truft me,
" an Example of the higheft Severity in a Cafe that fo
" nearly concerns you, and that relates to the Perfon
" who is neareft to you, will be fo feafonable, that
**your Reign, during the remaining Part of your
" Life, will be the eafier to you, and all Men will
** take Heed, how They impudcndy offend you.**

He had fcarce done fpeaking, when the Duke of
Tork came in j whereupon the King fpake of fomc
other Bufinefs, and fliortly after ^ent out of the Room
with his Brother, whom ( as w^ ftiortly known ) He
informed of all that the Chancellor had faid, who, as
foon as He came to his Houfe, fent his Wife to com-
mand his Daughter to keep her Chamber, and not to
admit any Vifits ; whereas before She had always been
at Dinner and Supper, and had much Company re-
forting to her : Which was all that He thought fit to
do, upon the firft Aflault, and till He had flept upon
it, (which He did very unquiedy) and reflcfted upon
what was fike to be the EfFeft of fo extravagant a
Caufc. And this was quickly known to the Duke,
who was exceedingly offended at it, and complained
to the King, " as of an Indignity offered to him."
And the next Morning the King chid the Chancellor
for proceeding with fo much Precipitation, and re-
quired him " to take off" that Reftraint, and to leave
'^ her to the Liberty She had been accuftomed to."
To which H^ replied, " that her having not difcharg-
" ed the Puty of a Daughter ought not to deprive
*' him of the Authority of a Father -, and therefor^ He(3
** muft humbly beg his Majefl:y not to interpoi^ hi3
" Commands, againft his doing any Thing that his
" own Dignity requir^4* That H5 only expefted v^at

*'hi§

Edward Earl g/* Clarendon, Gf^r. 55F

"his M^fty would do upon the Advice He h^.
^' humbly offered to him, and when He faw, that. He
^' would himfelf proceed as He was fure would be-
" come him :** Nor did He take oflf any of the Re-'
ftraint He had impofed. Yet He difcovcred after,'
that even in that Time the Duke had found Ways to
come to her, and to ftay whole Nights with her, by the
Adminiftration of thofe who were not fuipeded by
him, and who had the Excufe, *'that They knew*
** that They were married.**

This Subjedt was quickly the Matter of all Mens ^^4^
Pifcourfe, and did not produce thofe Murmurs and^iM^^
difcontented RefleAions, which were expedlcd. The "^^^^^
Parliament was fitting, and took not the leafl Notice Gb!!l^«-
of it ; nor could it be difcemed, that many were fcan-^*^-
dalized at it. The Chancellor received the fame Re-
fpeds from all Men, which He had been accuftomed
tp. And the Duke himfelf, in the Houfe of Peers,
frequendy fate by him upon the Wool Sack, that He
might the more eafily confer with him upon the Mat-
ters which were debated, and receive his Advice how
to behave himfelf; which made all Men believe, that'
there had been a good Underftanding between diem. '
And yet it is very true, that, in all that Time, the
Duke never fpake one Word to him of that Affair. •
The King fpake every Day about it, and told the
Chancelbr, *^that He muft behave himfelf wifely,
*^ for that the Thing was remedilefs ; and, that his
** Majefly knew that They were married, which would
" quickly appear to all Men, who knew that Nothing
•* could be done upon it.** In this Time the Chan-
(:ellor had conferred with his Daughter, without any
Thing of Indulgence, and not only difcovered, that
They were unqueftionably married, but by whom,
and who were prefent at it, who would be ready to
avow it ; which pleafed him not, though it diverted
him from iifing fome of that Rigour, which He in-
tended. And He faw no other Remedy could be ap-
plied.

jZ. tr%i^ CmtinuatiM tf the life tf

jflied, bot that, whidk He had prbpofed to tlie Kiiig»
whd tho^^t of Nothing like it.

At thit Time^ there wasi News of the Princefi
Ro)f^'s EmhadkaCion iit thUani, which obliged the
King aAd the Duke of T^k to make a Joomey to
ihver to itceiVb het, iiho catne for no^bcr Redbn»
but to congmulate with the King, her Brother^ and
to have her Share: in the publick Joy. The Mbcnin^
that Thejr began their Journej; the King and the
Duke came to the Chancellor'siiotife; and the Ktiig,
after He had fpoken to him of feme Bufineis that Was
to be done in his Abfence, going out of the Rocuki^
the Duke ftayed .behind^ and'whifpered the Chancellbr
in the Ear, beCaufe there \raere others at a little DiA
tance, ^ thac He knew' that He had hbard of thcBu<-
^^ finds between him and his^ Daughter^ and of which
*^ He cbnfcfled Hb Ought to have fpoken with him
*^ before ;/ but that when He ittin-ned from Dever^
^^ He would giVb him fuU Satis&dion : III the mean
" Time,'* He dcfired him, " not to be offended with
^* hift laughter." To which the CanceUor made no
other Anfwer,. than. ^^ that it wa^ aNI^toei' tpo gniat
•* for him to fpfcsdc o£**

Wttrw» the Princcfs Royal came to the Town,
there grew to be a great Silence in that Afiair. The
Duke Ikid Nothing to the Chancellor^ noi^ came noi^
ient to his Daughter^^as He had conftantly ufed to do.
And it wa^ induftrioufly publifhed about the Town,
that that Bufinc& was broken bfl^ and that the Duke
was refolved never to think more of it; The Queen
had befbro written a very (harp Letter to the Duke, (39
full of Indignation, that He fhould have & low
Thoughts as to marry fuch a Woman ; to whom He
fhewed the Letter, as not moved by it. And now
^§JL. She fent the King Word, " that She was on the Way
bincvifBdm " to Englauiy to prevent, with her Authority, (o great
" a Stain and Diftionour to the Crown ;*' and ufed
many Threats and paflionate £xpre(fions upon the-
Sabjcft. The Chancellor fate unconcerned in all the

Rumours

Edward Earl of CLAXBKDOi^, ^€. 5^

Rumours which irete foread^ *' th^ the QoieenP was
«« coning with a Purpole to contain Q& the Parlia-
^ ment s^ao^ the ChaiKelloF, and to ^ly tlie high*;
" eft Remedies to prevent fo great a MftfeHicf/*

Im> the mean Time 16^ was repojiced abroad, that the
Duke hsid difcovered &me Diflbyalty iit dhe Lady;
whjchr Vt^ had never fuipeded^ but had now io fuU
Evidence of it, that He was refolded never more to
fte her } and that He was not married. And al) his
Family^ where^ the Lord Birkley- and his Nephew
were ^e chiel^ who had long haced the Chancellor, '
%ake veiy loudly and^ fcandaloufly of it. The King TheKhigc^'
carried bimfelf with extraordinary Grace cowards the ^/2^
ChaaceUor, and was with him more, and i^ake upon ^«^>«»
all Occafions: and before allPerfons more gracioufly of ^'"^^ ***
liirn^ than ever. He told him with raruch Trouble,
**tlnc his Brother wa» abufed ; and that there was a
** wick^ Conspiracy ^t on Foot by Villmns, which,
^ in die End, muft £Tdve of more Pifhonour to the
"Dnke^ thi^ to anyjRody elfc.**

The Queen was now ready to embark, inflnmed
and fastened by this Occaiion ; and it was fitfer the
King and the Duke, %o wait on her aft the* Shore. But
before his Majeflys Going, He refolved of himfelf to-
do a Grace to the Chancellor, that fhould publifh,
how ftp He was from being (haken in his Favour to-
wards him, and to do it with fuch Circumftances, as
gave i£ great Lufture. From the Time of his Coming
into Ef^land^ He had often ofRtred the Chancellor to
make him a Baron, and told him, **that He was*
^'affiired by many of the Lord^s, that it was moft
'' neceffary for his Service in the Parliament." Blit
He had. ftill refufed it, and befought his Majefty
" not to think of it ; that it would incrcafe the Envy
" againft him, if He fhould confer that Honour up-
" on him fo foon -, but that hereafter, when his Ma-
♦'jefty's AflKrs (hould be fettled, and He, out of the
" extraordinary Perquifites of his Officej Ihoukl be
**able to make fomc Addition to his fmall Fortune,

^*He

6o The Continuatitm of the Life of

*/ He would with that Humility that became him;
• "receive that Honour from him.** The King, in
few Days after, coming to him, and being alone with
him in his Cabinet, at going away gave him a little
M^Miitf Billet into his Hand, that contained a Warrant of his
lo'ooo own Handwriting to Sir Stephen Foxj to p^y t6 the
Frnnds. Chancellor the Sum of twenty thoufand Pounds ; which
was Part of the Money, which the Parliament had pre-
fented to the King at the Hague^ and fdr which He
bad been compelled to t^e Bills of Exchange again
from Amfierdam upon London \ which was only known
to the King, the Chancellor, and Sir Stephen FoXy who
was intruft^d to receive it, as He had done all the
King's Monies for many Years beyond the Seas, This
Bounty flowing immediately ^rom the King, at fuch a
melancholick Coqjunfture, and of which Nobody could,
have NodG«, (X)uld QOt but much raife the Spirits of
the ChanceUon Nor did the King's Goodoefs reft
here, but the Night before H^ began his Journey to-^
wards the Queen, He fent for the Attorney Geperal^
whom He knew to be moft devoted to the Chancellor^,
and told him, ^* that He muft intruft him in an Afiair,
*^ that He muft not impart to the Chancellor -,** and
then gave him a Warrant flgned for the Creation of
him a Baron, which he commanded " to be ready to
" pafs the Seal, againft the Hour of his Majefty's
'* Return, and He would then fee it fealed himfelf:(33
*' But if the Chancellor came firft to know it. He
" would ufe great Importunity to ftop it/' The At-
torney faid, "it would be impoflTible to conceal it from
*'him, becaufe, without his Privity and Dire£Uon,
" He knew not what Title to give him for his Ba-
"rony." The King replied with Warmth, ^Uhat
" He ihould confer with fome of his Friends of the
'Way; but that He would take it ill of him, if
there were any Delay in it, and if it were not ready
"for the Seal at the Time of his Return, which
" would be in few Days." The Attorney came to
the Chancellor and told him, " He would break a

" Truft

«(

Ebward Earl of Gl ARENDdN, &c. 6i

** Tnift to do him a Service; afid therefore He prc-
^ fumed, that He would not be {o unjuft to let him
^fuffer by it:" And then told him all that had paffed
between the King and him. And the Chancellor con-
feflfed, '^ that the King's obliging Manner of Proceed-
*^ ingy and the Conjundhire in which this Honour was
**givcn,** though He had before rcfufed it with Ob-
ftinacy, ^^ made it now very grateful to him :*' And fa
without Hefitation He told him what Tide He would
aflfume. And all was ready againft the Kinfi;*s Return, Adttuta
and figned by him, and fealed the fame Night, ^ ' ^^•

Th b Queen had exprefied her Indignation to the
King andDuke, with her natural Paffion, from the
Tune of their Meeting; and the Duke had afked her
Pardon, ^*fbr having placed his ASeftion fo unequal-
'My, of which He was fure there was now an End ;
^ that He was not married, and had now fuch Evi-
** dence of her Unworthinefs, that He fhould no more
*^ think di her/* And it was now avowedly faid, that
Sir Cbarhs Berkley^ who was Captain of his Guatd»
and in much more Credit and Favour with the Duke
dian his Uncle, (though a young Man of a diflblute
Life, and prone to all Wickcdncfe in the Judgment of
all fbbcrMen) had informed the Duke; "that He&vchari»
" was bound in Confcience, to preferve him from ta- ^^^i^,
" king to Wife a Woman fo wholly unworthy of him ; '^^'f
" that He himfelf had lain with her; and that for his^JJ,
^ Sake He would be content to marry her, though He
** knew well the Familiarity the Duke had with her"
This Evidence, with fo folemn Oaths prefented by a
Perfbn fo much loved and trufted by him, made a
wonderful Impreffion in the Duke ; and now confirm-
ed by the Commands of his Mother, as He had been
before prevailed upon by his Sifter, He refolved tou^wiuh
deny that He was married, and never to fee the ^o-^jJ^^^J^
man again, who had been fo falfe to him. And the tisMernagi.
Queen being fatisficd with this Refolution, They came
all to London^ with a full Hope that They fhould pre-
vail to the utter Overthrow of the Chancellor; the

King

64 ^^ Continuation of tbe Life (f -

to meet his Sifter, finding the Chancellor one Day in
the Privy Lodgings, whifpered him in the Ear, *^ chat
*^ He would be glad to confer with him in his JLodg-
*^ in^/' whither He was then going. The other im-
mediately followed i and bein^ come thither, the
Duke fent all his Servants out ot Diftance ; and then
told him with much Warmth, ** what He had been
^* informed of his Purpofe to complain to the Parliar
^< ment agsdnft him, which He did .not.value or care
^^ for : However, if He Ihould profecute any fuch
^* Courfe, it fhould be the worfe tor him ;** implying
fome Threats, ^^ what He would do, before He would
^' bear fuch an Affront \^ adding then, ** that for his
^^ Daughter, She had behaved nerfelf fo fouUy (of
*' which He had fuch Evidence as was as convinc-
^' ing as his own Eyes, and of which He could make
*^ no Doubt ) that Nobody could blame him for his
^^ Behaviour towards her;*' concluding with ibme
other Threats, '^ that He Ihould repent it, if He pur-bsl
^^ fued his Intention of appealing to the ParliamenL"
A s ibon as the Duke difcontinued his Dilcourie,
the Chancellor told him, '^ that He hoped He would
^' difcovcr the Untruth of other Reports which had
*' been made to him by the Falfehood of this, which
*^J&ad been railed without the lead Ground or Shadow
" of Truth. That though He did not pretend to
" much Wifdom, yet no Man took him to be fuch a
" Fool, as He mull be, if He intended to do fuch
" an Aft as He was informed. That if his Highnefs
^' had done any Thing towards or againft him which
^' He ought not to have done, there was One who is
*'as much above him, as his Highnefs was above
'^him, and who could both ceni^urc and punilh it.
** For his own Part, He knew too well whole Son He
*' was, and whofe Brother He is, to behave himfelf
^^ towards him with lefs Duty and Submiffion than was
•* due to him, and (hould be always paid by him."
He faid, " He was not concerned to vindicate his
** Daughter from any the moft improbable Scandals

" and

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^c. 65

•* and Afperfions : She had difobliged and deceived
•* him too much, for him to be over-confident, that
"She might not deceive any other Man : And there-
"fore He would leave that likewife to God Almighty,
"upon whole Blefling He would always depend, whiift
" himfelf remained innocent, and no longer/' The
Duke replied not, nor from that Time mentioned the
Chancellor with any Difpleafure ; and related to the
King, and fome other Ferfons, the DifcourTe that had
paflfed, very exadtly.

Th ere did not after all this appear, in the Dif-
courfes of Men, any of that Humour and Indignation
which was expefted. On the contrary. Men of the
greaceft Name and Reputation fpake of the Foulnefe
of the Proceeding with great Freedom, and with all
the Detcftation imaginable againft Sir Charles Berkley^
whole Teftimony Nobody believed ; not without fome
Cenfure of the Chancellor, for not enough appearing
and profecuting the Indignity : But He was not to be
moved by any Inftances, which He never afterwards
repented. The Queen's implacable Difpleafure con-
tinued in the full Heigth, doing all She could to keep
die Duke firm to his Refolution, and to give all Coun-
tenance to the Calumny. As before the Difcovery of
thb Engagement of the Duke's Affedlion, the Duke
rf Glocefter had died of the Smallpox, to the extraor-
dinary Grief of the King and the whole Kingdom j
fc, at this Time, it pleafed God to vifit the Princeft
Royal with the fame Difcafe, and of which She died
within few Days -, having in her laft Agonies expreffcd
a Diflike of the Proceedings in that Affair, to which
She had contributed too much. The Duke himfelf 7& ^w*
grew melancholick and difpirited, and cared not for^^J
Company, nor thofe Divertifements in which He for-
merly delighted : Which was obferved by every Body,
and which in the End wrought fo far upon the Con-
fcience of the lewd Informer, that He, Sir Charles
Berkley^ came to the Duke, and clearly declared to
Y0I.IL F him;

66 The Confinuation of the Life of

Sir Charles \{i^ . <^ that the general Difcourfe of Men, of what
]^hZ ^ " Inconvenience and Mifchief, if not abfolute Ruin,
y^*^ -^^fuch a Marriage would be to his Royal Highnefs,
cgain/fL " had prevailed with him to ufe all the Power He
D^tcbifi. t« }^a^ tQ diffuade him from it ; and when He found
** He could not prevail with him. He had formed
•* that Accufation, which He prefumed could not but
•* produce the EfFeft He wiftied ; which He now con-
•* fefled to be falfe, and without the leaft Ground ;
"and that He was very confident of her Virtue:"
And therefore befought his Highnefs " to pardon a
** Fault, that was committed out of pure Devotion to
*' him ; and that He would not fufFer him to be ruin-
** ed by the Power of thofe, whom He had fo unwor-(3'
*'thily provoked; and of which He had fo much
** Shame, that He had not Confidence to look upon
*' them." The Duke found himfelf fo much relieved
in that Part that moft afllifted him, that He cm-
braced him, and made a folemn Promife, *' that He
" fliould not fufier in the leaft Degree in his own Af-
*' fedlion, for what had proceeded fo abfolutely from
" his Good-Will to him -, and that He would take
** fo much Care of him, that in the compounding
*' that Affair He fhould be fo comprehended, that
*' He fliould receive no Diladvantage."
rstDuu And now the Duke appeared with another Coun-
v^P!*^Mttn^nct^ writ to her whom He had injured "that He
^ff. " *"' " would fpeedily vifit her," and gave her Charge *'to
" have a Care of his Son." He gave the King a full.
Account of all, without concealing his Joy j and took
moft Pleafure in conferring with them, who had fecm-
cd leaft of his Mind when He had been moft tran-
fported, and who had always argued againft the Pro-
bability of the Teftimony which had wrought upon
him. The Queen was not pleafed with this Change,
though the Duke did not yet own to her, that He
had altered his Refolution. She was always very
angry at the King's Coldnefs, who had been fo far

from

Edward JSjr/ o/* Clarendon, &c. 6f

from that Avcrfion which She expefted, that lie

hand EKcuies for the Duke, and endeavoured to di^

vert her Paflions ; and now prefled the Difcovery of

the Truth by Sir Charles Berklefs Confeflion, as a

Thing that pleafed him. They about her who had

moft inflamed and provoked her to the fliarpeft

Reientment, appeared more calm in their Difcourfes,

and cither kept Silence, or fpake to another Tune

than They had done formerly, and wiflied that the

Bufinefs was well compofed ; all which mightily in-

crealed the Queen^s Paffion. And having come to

know, that the Duke had made a Vifit at the Place

She moft abhotred. She brake into great Paffion, and

puhlickly declared, "that whenever that Woman ^^^^

^'Ihould be brought into JVbiteball by one Door, htr Jthtcump

"M^efty would go out of it by another Door, and'*'**^^^ .

** never come into it again." And for feveral Days

her Majefty would not fuffer the Duke to be in her

Prcfcncc ; at lead, if He came with the King, She

forbore to fpeak to him, or to take any Notice of him.

Nor could They, who had ufed to have mod Credit

with her, fpeak to her with any Acceptation ; though

They were all weary of the Diftances They had kept,

and difccf ned well enough where the Matter muft end.

And many defired to find fome Expedient, how the

Work might be facilitated, by fome Application and

Addrefs from the Chancellor to the Queen : But He

abfolutely refiifed to make the Icaft Advance towards

it, or to contribute to her Indignation by putting him-

felf into her Majefty *s Prefence. He declared, " that

** the Queen had great Reafon for the Paffion She ex-

" preflfed for the Indignity that had been done to her,

** and which He would never endeavour to excufe ;

•* and that as far as his low Quality was capable of

" receiving an Injury from fo great a Prince, He had

*' himielf to complain of a Tranfgreffion, that exceed-

•* cd the Limits of all Juftice, divine and human."

The Queen had made this Journey out of France
into England much fooner than She intended, and only^

F 2 upon

6& The Continuation of the Life of

upon this Occafion, to prevent a Mifchief She had
great Rcafon to deprecate. And fo, upon her Arri-
val, She had declared, " that She would flay a very
*' (hort Time, being obliged to return into France for
•*her Health, and to uie the Waters of Bourborty
** which had already done her much Good, that the
**enfuing Seafon would with God's Bleffing make
** perfeft." And the Time was now come, that Or-
ders were fent for the Ships to attend her Embarkation
at Portfmoutb\ and the Day was appointed, for the (17
beginning her Journey from JVbitehall : So that the
Duke's Affair, which He now took to Heart, was
(as every Body thought) to be left in the State it was,
at leaft under the Renunciation and Interdiftion of a
Mother. When on a fudden, of which Nobody then
knew the Reafon, her Majefty's Countenance and Dif-
courfe was changed ; She treated the Duke with her
Her Maj^ ufual Kindncfs, and confefTed to him, " that the Bu-
^^tt^r " fmefs that had offended her fo much She perceived
•itr. ** was proceeded fo far, that no Remedy could be ap-

" plied to it ; and therefore that She would trouble
*' herfelf no farther in it, but pray to God to blefs
*'him, and that He might be happy:" So that the
Duke had now Nothing to wifh, but that the Queen
would be reconciled to his Wife, who remained fUll
at her Father's, where the King had vifited her often •,
to which the Queen was not averfe, and fpake gracir
Gufly of the Chancellor, and faid, "She would be
".good Friends with him." But Both thefe required
fome Formalities ; and They, who had behaved them-
felves the mofl difobligingly, expeded to be compre-
hended in any Atonement that fhould be made. And
it was exceedingly laboured, that the Chancellor would
make the firfl Approach, by vifiting the Earl of St.
jilbans ; which He abfolutely refufed to do : And very
well acquainted with the Arts of that Court, whereof
DifTimulation was the Soul, did not believe that thofe
Changes, for which He faw no reafopable Motive,
could be real ; until Abbot Mountague (who had h

far

Edward £^r/ g/* Clarendon, Gfr. 69

fir complied with the Faftion of that Court, as not

to convcrfe with an Enemy) vifited him with all Open-

neft, and told him, " that this Change in the Queen

**had proceeded from a Letter She had newly receiv-

** cd from the Cardinal, in which He had plainly told

** her, tiat She would not receive a Welcome in France, '^ Caufi tf

** if She left her Sons in her Difpleafure, and prof ejfed an Jf^' '"

** Jmnuffity againff thofe Minifiers^ who were moft trufted

** hy the King. He extolled the Services done by the Chan-

^xeJlar^ and advifed her to comply with what could not be

•* avoided^ and to be perfeSly reconciled to her Children^

** and to thofe who were nearly related to them or were in-

" trufted by them : And that He did this in fo powerful

" a Style, and with fuch powerful Reafons, that her

•*Majcfty*s Paflions were totdly fubdued. And this,** .

He Ciid, " was the Reafon of the fudden Change, that

** every Body had obferved ; and therefore that He

" ought to believe the Sincerity of it, and to perform

"that Part which might be expefted from him, in

** Compliance with the Queen's Inclinations to have a

"good Intelligence withhim." ^

The Chancellor had never looked upon the Abbot
tis his Enemy, and gave Credit to all He faid, though
He did little underftand from what Fountain that
Good -Will of the Cardinal had proceeded, who had
never been propitious to him. He made all thofe
Profcflions of Duty to the Queen that became him,
and '*how happy He Ihould think himfelf in her
**Proteftion, which He had need of, and did with
^* all Humility implore -, and that He would gladly
** caft himfelf at her Majefty*s Feet, when She would
**vouchfafe to admit it." But for the adjufting this,
there was to be more Formality •, for it was neceflary
that the Earl of 5/. Albans ( between whom and the
Chancellor there had never been any Friendfhip)
ihould have fome Part in this Compofition, and do
many good Offices towards it, which were to precede
the final Conclufion. The Duke had brought Sir
Charles Berkley to the Dutchcfe, at whofe Feet He had

F 3 -caft

70 The Continuation of the Life of

caft Himfelf, with all the Acknowledgment and Pe-
nitence He could exprefs •, and She, according to the
Command of the Duke, accepted his Submiflion^ and
promifed to forget the Offence. He came likewife td
the Chancellor with thofc Profeffions which He could
cafily make : and the other was obliged to receive {3'
him civilly. And then his Uncle, the Lord Berkkyy
waited upon theDutchefsj and afterwards vifited her
Father, like a Man (which He could not avoid) who
had done very much towards the bringing fo difficult
a Matter to fo good an End, and cxpedted Thanks
from all ; having that Talent in fome Perfedtion,
that after He had crofled and puzzled any Bufincfs as
much as was in his Power, He would be thought the
only Man, who had untied all Knots, and made the
- Way fmooth, and removed all Obftrudtions.
rbeKtftgamd Th E Satisfaftion the King and the Duke kid in
^^^ll this Difpofition of the Queen was vifible to all Men.
1^1^^ /» And They Both thought the Chancellor too refcrved
^^^* in contributing his Part towards, or in meeting, the
Queen's Favour, which He could not but difcern was
approaching towards him ; and that He did not en-
tertain any Difcourfes, which had been by many en-
tered upon to him upon that Subject, with that Cheer-
fulnefs and Serenity of Mind, that might juflJy be ex-
peftcd. And of this the Duke made an Obfervation,
and a Kind of Complaint, to the King, who there-
upon came one Day to the Chancellor's Houfe •, and
being alone with him, his Majefty told him many
Particulars which had pafled between him and the
Queen, and the good Humour her Majefly was in :
^' That the next Day the Earl of St. Albans would vifit
*'him, and offer him his Service in accompanying
** him to the Queen, which He conjured him to re*
" ceive with all Civility, and Expreffions of the Joy
•*He took in it; in which,'' He told him, "He
** was obferved to be too fullen, and that when all
*' other Mens Minds appeared to be cheerfol, his
" alone appeared to be more cloudy than it had been,

*^ when^

Edwarp Ear/ of Clarendon, &c. 71

" wiien that Affair feemed moft defperate -, which was
" tlic more taken Notice of, becaufe it was not jnatu-
"raltohim." '

Th£ Chancellor anfwered, " that He did not know,
" that He had failed in any Thing, that in good Man*-
** ncrs or Decency could be required from him : But
"He confeffed, that lately his Thoughts were more
** perplexed, and troublefome to himfelf, than they .
" had ever been before ; and therefore it was no Won-
** der, if his Looks were not the fame they had ufed
" to be. That though He had been furprifcd to A-
*' mazepient, upon the firft Notice of that Bufmefs ;
" yet He had been fhortly able to recoiled himfelf,
*'and, upon the Teftimony of bis own Confcience,
" to compofe his Mind and Spirits, and without any
** Relqftancy to abandon any Thought of his paugh-
^^toTy and to leave her to that Mifery She had de-
** fcrved and brought upon herfelf. Nor did the Vi-
*' ciffitudes which occurred after in that Tranfaftion,
*' or the Difpleafure and Menaces of the Duke, make
**any other In^preflion upon him, than to know how
" unable He was to enter into any Conteft in that Mat-
" ter (which in all Refpefts was too difficult and fu-
'* periour to his Underftanding and Faculties) and to
"leave it entirely to the Diredion and Difpofal of
" God Almighty : And in this Acquiefcence He had
^ enjoyed a Repofe with nciuch Tranquillity of Mind,
"being prepared to undergo any Misfortune that
^' might befall him from thence. But that now He
** was awakened by other Thoughts and Refleftions,
"which He could lefs range and govern. He fa)v
^ thofc Difficulties removed, which He had thought
*' infuperablc ; diat his own Condition muft be thought
^' exalted above what He thought poflible •, and that
*' He was far lefs able to bear the Envy that was un-
^' avoidable, than the Indignation and Contempt that
" alone had threatened him. That his Daughter w^s
*' now received in the Royal Family, the Wife of the
^' King's only Brother ^^ tljie FJcir Apparent of tl^e

^' Crowa

72 The Continuation of the Life of

" Crown, whilft his Majefty himfelf remained unmar-
*• ried. The great Truft his Majefty repofed in him,
*' infinitely above and contrary to his Defire, was in(39l
** itfelf liable to Envy; and how infupportable that
*' Envy muft be, upon this new Relation, He could
** not but forefee ; together with the Jealoufies, which
*'artifical Men would be able to infinuate into his
*' Majefty, even when They feemed to have all pofli-
*' ble Confidence in the Integrity of the Chancellor,
*' and when They extolled him moft 5 and that how
** firm and conftant foever his Majefty's Grace and
** Favour was to him at prefent (of which He had
*' lately given fuch lively Teftimony) and how re-
*' folved foever He was to continue it, his Majefty
*' himfelf could not know how far fome Jealoufies,
" cunningly fuggefted by fome Men^ might by De-
*' grees be entertained by him. And therefore that,
" upon all the Revolvings He had with himfelf. He
*' could not think of any Thing, that could contri-
*' bute equally to his Majefty's Service and his Quiet,
*' and to the Happinefs and Security of himfelf, as for
*' him to retire from the adtive Station He was in, to
*' an abfolute Solitude, and vifible Inactivity in all Mat-
*' ters relating to the State : And which He thought
** could not be fo well, under any Retirement into
** the Country or any Part of the Kingdom, as by
" his leaving the Kingdom, and fixing himfelf in .
*' fome Place beyond the Seas remote from any Court/*
And having faid all this, or Words to the fame Effeft,
He fell on his Knees ; and with all poflible Earneft-
nefs defired the King, " that He would confent to his
** Retirement as a Thing moft neceflary for his Ser-
*' vice, and give his Pafs to go and refidc in any fuch
** Place, beyond the Seas, as his Majefty would make
« Choice of.'*

Th e King heard him patiently, yet with Evidence
enough that He was not pleafed with what He faid ;
and when He kneeled, took him up with fome Paf-
fion ; ^' He did not expert this from hini) and that

Edward JE^r/ ^Clarendon, &c. 73

^ He had fo litdc Kindncfs for him, as to leave him
** in a Time, when He could not but know that He
"was very neceflary for his Service, That He had
" Reaibn to be very well affured, that it could never
•* be in any Man's Power to Icflen his Kindnefs to-
" wards him, and if any (hould prcfumc to attempt
•* it. They would find Caufc to repent their Prefump*
" tion/* He faid, ** there were many Reafons, why
** He could never have defigned or advifed his Bro-
** ther to this Marriage ; yet fince it was paft, and all
" Things fo well reconciled. He would not deny that
" He was glad of it, and promifed himfelf much Be-
** nefit from it," He told him, " his Daugher was
** a Woman of a great Wit and excellent Parts, and
•* would have a great Power with his Brother; and »
** that He knew that She had an entire Obedience for
**hini, her Father, who He knew would always give
"her goodCounfel, by which," He faid, "He was
"confident that naughty People, which had too much
"Credit with his Brother, and which had fo often
" mifled him, would be no more able to corrupt him ;
" but that She would prevent all ill and unreafonable
" Attempts : And therefore He again confeflcd that
" He was glad of it ;" and fo concluded with many
gracious Exprefiions, and conjured the Chancellor
" never more to think of thofe unreafonable Things,
" but to attend and profecute his Bufinefs with his
" ufual Alacrity, fince his Kindnefs could never fai|
"him/*

The next Morning, which was of the laft Day
that the Queen was to (lay, the Earl of 5/. Jltans
vifited the Chancellor with all thofe Compliments,
Profeflions and Proteftations, which were natural, and
which He did reaUy believe every Body elfe thought
to be very fincere ; for He had that Kindnefs for him-
felf, that He thought every Body did believe him.
He czprefled **a wonderful Joy, that the Queen
l^j" would now leave the Court united, and all the
<* King's Affiurs in a hopeful Condition, in which the

** Queen

. 74 ^^^ Continuation of the Life of

^* Queen confeffed that the Chancellor's Counfels had
^ been very profperous, and that She was refplved to
*' part with great and a fincere Kindnefs towards him ;
*' and that He had Authority from her to aflure him
*^ fo much, which She would do herfelf when She faw
♦^ him :" And fo offered " to go with him to her Ma-
**jcfly, at fuch an Hour in the Afternoon as She
*' fhould appoint/' The other made fuch Returns to
all the Particulars as were fit, and " that He would
** be ready to attend the Queen, at the Time She
" Ihould pleafe to affign :" And in the Afternoon the
Earl of St. Albans came again to him ; and They went
together to JVhitehaUy where They found the Queen
in her Bedchamber, where many Ladies were pref^t,
whoxame then to take their Leave of her Majefly,
before She began her Journey.
?ip^«w»rf. The Duke of York had before prefented his Wife
^M^0f* ^ ^^ Mother, who received her without the Icaft
York/' Shew of Regret, or rather with the fame Grace as if
She had liked it from the Beginning, and made her
fit down by her. When the Chancellor came in, the
Queen rofe from her Chair, and received him with a
Countenance very ferene. The Ladies, and others
who were near, withdrawing, her Majefly told him,
*' that He could not wonder, much lefs take it iU,
*' that She had been much offended with the Duke,
** and had no Inclination to give her Confent to his
*' Marriage ; and if She had, in the Paflion that could
*^ not be condemned in her, fpake any Thing of him
^ that He had taken ill, He ought to impute it to
** the Provocation She had received, though not froip
"him. She was now informed by the King, and
*'weli afTured, that He had no Hand in contriving
** that Friendfhip, but was offended with that PafBon
*' that really was worthy of him. That She could
*' not but confefs, that his Fidelity to the Kipg h^r
*' Hufl^and was very eminent, and that He had fervid
** the King her Son with equal Fidelity and cxtraor-
^ dinary Sucgefs. And therefore as She had received

**hi5

Edward Earl '^ ClaHendon, &c. y^

"hb Daughter as her Daughter, and heartily fbrgav?
" the Duke and her, and was refolved ever after tQ
"live with all the AfFeftion of a Mother to\¥ards
"them ; fo She refolved to make a Friendfhip with jMutu
"him, and hereafter to expeft all the Offices from^^ '
"him, which her Kindnefs Ihould deferve." And
when the Chancellor had made all thofe Acknowledg-
ments which He ought to do, and commended her
Wifdom and Indignauon in a Bulinefs, ^Mn which
" She could not (hew too much Anger and Averfion,
"and had too much forgotten her own Honour and
"Dignity if She had been lefs offended," and magni-
fied her Mercy and Generofity " in departing fo foon
"from her neceflary Severity, and pardoning a Crime
" in itfclf fo unpardonable ;** He made thofe Prpfef-
" fions cf Duty to her which were due to her, and
" that He fhould always depend upon her Proteftion
" as his moft gracious Miftrefs, and pay all Obedience
" to her Commands. " The Queen appeared well
pleafed, and faid " She ftiould remain very confident
" of his^ Affcftion," and fo difcourfed of fomc Parti-
culars ; and then opening a Paper that She had in her
Hand, She recommended theDifpatch of feme Things
to him, which immediately related to her own Service
and Intereft, and then fome Persons, who had either
fome Suits to the King, or fome Controverfies depend-
ing in Chancery. And the Evening drawing on, and
very many Ladies and others waiting without to kifs
her Majefty*s Hand, He thought it Time to take his
Leave ; and after having repeated fome Ihort Profef-
fions rf his Duty, He kiffed her Majefty's Hand :
And from that Time there did never appear any Want
of Kindnefs in the Queen towards him, whilft He
(4i)ftoad in no Need of it, nor until it might have done
him Good.

Th u s an Intrigue, that without Doubt had been
entered into and induftrioufly contrived by thofe, who
defigned to affront and bring Difhonour upon the
ChanccHor and his Family, was, by God's goodPleafure,

turned

yS The Continuation of the Life of

the Pcrquifites of his Office which were confiderabld
at the firft, and by fuch Bounty of the King as might
hereafter, without Noife or Scandal, be conferred on
him in prgper Seafons and Occurrences ; and that He
was as far from afiedting fuch an unlimited Power as
He was believed afterwards to be pofTefled of (and
of which no Footfteps could ever be difcovered in any
of his A(5tions, or in any one Particular that was the
EfFeft of fuch Power,) or from defiring any other Ex-
tent of Power, than was agreeable to the great Office
He held, and which had been enjoyed by moft of
thofe, who had been his Predeceflbrs in that .Truft.
^^^' The King had not been many Weeks in Enghnd^
*^^o4wWhen the Marquis of Ormond came to him with his
ufual Friendfhip, and alked him, " whether it would
*' not be now Time to think of making a Fortune,
"that He might be able to leave to his Wife and
" Children, if He fhould die." And when He found
that He was lefs fenfible of what He propofed than
He expedted, and that He only anfwered, " that He
*^ knew not which Way to go about it ;" the Marquis
told him, " that He thought He could commend a
'' proper Suit for him to make to the King ; and if
*'his Modefty would not permit him to move the
*' King for himfelf. He would undertake to move it
*'for him, and was confident that the King would
" willingly grant it :" And thereupon Ihewed him a
Paper, which contained the King's juft Title to ten
thoufand Acres of Land in the Great Level of the Fens^
which would be of a good yearly Value ; or They,
who were unjuftly pofleffed of it, would be glad to
purchafe the King's Title with a very confiderable
Sum of Money. And, in the End, He frankly told
him, " that He made this Overture to him with the
" King's Approbation, who had been moved in it,
" and thought at the firft Sight, out of his own Good-
" nefs, that it might be fit for him, and wifhcd the
" Marquis to propofe it 'to him."

When

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. ^9

When the Chancellor had extolled the King's Ge-
ncrofity, that He could, in fo great Neceffitics of his
own, think of difpenfing lb great a Bounty upon ^
poor Servant, who was already recorhpcnfed beyond
what He could be ever able to deferve ; He faid,
"that He kntw very well the King's Title to that
"Land, Of which He was in Poffeflion before the
"Rebellion began, which the old and new Adventurers
"now claimed by a new Contraft, confirmed by an
"Ordinance of Parliament, which could not deprive
"the Crown of its Right; which all the Adventurers
" ( who for the greateft Part were worthy Men ) well
^*kncw, and would for their own Sakes not dilj^ute,
"fince it would inevitably produce a new Inundation,

I ** which all their Unity and Confent in maintaining
"the Banks would and could with Difficulty enough
**but prevent. That He would advife his Majefty
•* to give all the Countenance He could, to the carry-
" ing on and perfeding that great Work, which was
" or great Benefit as well as Honour to the Publick,
** at the Charge of private Gentlemen, who had paid
** dear for the Land They had recovered ; but that
*'Hc would never advife him, to begin his Reign
** with the Alienation of fuch a Parcel of Land from

(43) "the Crown to anyone particular Subjeft, who could
** never bear the Envy of it. That his Majefty ought
" to referve that Revenue to himfelf, which was great,
*• though lefs than it was generally reputed to be ; at
•' Icaft, till the Value thereof (hould be clearly under-
" flood ( and the declaring it in his own Hands for
" fome Time, would be the beft Expedient towards
" the finifhing all the Banks, when the Seafon fliould
•' be fit, which elfe would be neglefted by the Dif-
•* cord among the Adventurers) and the King knew
" what He gave. He muft remember, that He had
" two Brothers" ( for the Duke of Glocejkr was yet
alive) "who were without any Revenue, and towards
" whom his Bounty was to be firft extended j and that
" this Land would be a good Ingredient towards an

Ap.

8o The Ctmtinuation of the Life of

" Appendage for them Both. And that till They were
*• reafonably provided for, no private Man in his Wits
^' would be the Objedfc of any extraordinary Bounty
**from the King, which would unavoidably make
** him the Objcft of an univerfal Envy and Hatred.
"That, for his own Part, He held by the King's
^^ Favour the greateft Office of the Kingdom in Place ;
" and though it was not jiear the Value is was efteem*
*^ ed to be, and that many other Offices were more
*' profitable, yet it was enough for him, and would
*' be a good Foundation to improve his Fortune : So
** that," He faid, " He had made a Refolution to
*' himfelf, which He thought He (hould not alter,
*' not to make Hafte to be rich. That it was the prin*-
** cipal Part or Obligation of his Office, to diffuade
*' the King from making any Grants of fuch a Nature
** (except where the Ncceffity or Convenience was very
*' notorious ) and even to flop thofe which (hould be
*' made of that Kind, and not to fuffer them to pals
^^ the Seal, till He had again waited upon the King,
*' and informed him of the evil Confequence of thofe
*' Grants ; which Difcharge of his Duty could not but
** raife him many Enemies, who (hould not have tha|
** Advantage, to fay that He obftrufted the King^s
*' Bounty towards other Men, when He made it very
*'profufe towards himfelf And therefore, that He
•'would never receive any Crown-Land from the
*' King*s Gift, and did not wifh to have any other
*' Honour or any Advantage, but what his Office
*' brought him, till feven Years (hould pafs ; in which
*' all the Diftraftions of the Kingdom might be com-
*' pofed, and the Neceffities thereof fo provided for,
''that the King might be able, without hurting
" himfelf, to exercife fome Liberality towards his Ser-
** vants who had ferved him well." How He feemed
to part from this Refolution in fome Particulars after-
wards, and why He did fo, may be coUedted out of
what hath been truly fet down before.

When

Edward £4?r/ g/* Clarendon, G?r. 8t;

When the Marquis of Ormand had given the King
a kige Account of the Conference between him and
the Chancellor, and ^' that He abfolutely refufed to
"receive that Grant -j* his Majefly laid, " He was a
*^Fool for his Labour, and that He would be much
** better in being envied than in being pitied.** And
though the Inheritance of thofe Lands was afterwards
given to the Duke, yet there were fuch Eftates granted
tor Years to many particular Perfons, moft whereof
had never merited by any Service, that Half the Va-
lue thereof never came to his Highncfs.

As Ibon as the King and Duke returned from Portf- adkcSmd
moMihy where They had feen the Queen embarked for ^^,^
Framcey the King had appointed a Chapter, for the G«ner.*
ekfting fome Knights of the Garter into the Places va-
cant. Upon which the Duke defired him " to nomi-
**natc the Chancellor,** which his Majefty faid " He
''would willingly do, but He knew not whether it
" would be grateful to him ; for He had refufed fo
" many Things, that He knew not what He would
** take •,** and therefore wilhed him " to take a Boat
" to fybrcefter-Hau/ey and propofe it to him, and He
h»)" would not go to the Chapter till his Highnefs re-
" turned/' The Duke told the Chancellor what had
paffi^ between the King and him, and, ** that He was
"come only to know his Mind, and could not ima-
" ginc but that fuch an Honour would pleafe him/*
The Chancellor, after a Million of humble Acknow-
ledgments of the Duke's Grace and the King's Con-
defcenfion, faid, '^that the Honour was indeed too
" great by much for him to fuftain ; that there were
*' very many worthy Men, who well remembered him
** of their own Condition when He firft entered into
" his Father's Service, and believed that He was ad-
**vanced too much before them.** He befought his
HQghnefs, " that his Favours and Proteftion might
" not expofe him to Envy that would break him to
"Pieces/' He afked "what Knights the King
" meant to make ;" the Duke named them, all Per-
Vol.iI. G fons

Sa '' 7be Continuation of the Life of

" -fons very eminent : TheChancellbrfaid, "no Man could
t' except againft the King's Choice ; many would juftly,
*' if He were added to the Number/* He defircd ius
iiighiiefs " to put the King in Mind of the Ead of
^"-Lindfey^ Lord High Chamberlain oi Englani^ (with
whom* He was known to hav^ no Friendlhip, 6n the
contrary, that there had been Di%ufts between them
in the laft King's Time;) "that his Father had loft
*' his Life with the Garter about his Neck, when this
" Gentleman his Son, endeavouring to relieve him,
" was taken Prifoner ; that He had ferved the King
" to the End of the War with Courage and Fidelity,
** bL'ing an excellent Officer : For all which, the King
*^ his Father had admitted him a Gentleman <rf' his
"Bedchamber, which 6ffice He was now withctet:
^' And not to have the Garter now upon his Majefty's
*' Return, would in all Mens Eyes look like a De-
" gradation, and an Inftance of his Majefly*s Dif.
" dleem ; efpecially if the Chancellor fliould iupply
*' the Place, who was not' thought his Friend :" And,
upon the whole Matter, entreated the Duke *' to re-
" lerve his Favour towards him for fome other Occa-
" lion, and excufe him to the King for the declining
" this Honour, which He could not fupport.'* The
Duke replied with an offended Countenance, " that
" He faw He would not accept any Honoiir from the
"King, that. proceeded by his Mediation;** and So
left him in apparent Difpleaftire. However, at that
Chapter the Earl of lindfey was created Knight rf the
Gm-tevy with the reft; and cortiing iftcrwards to hear
by what Chance it was. He ever lived with ^rcat Ci-
vility towards the Chancellor to his Death,

And when the Cliancellof aifterwards comphined
to his M^jefty "of his Want of Care of him, in his
" So eafily gratifying his Brothjer in a Particular that
" would be of fo much' Prejudice to him,** and ib en-
larged upon the Subjeft, and put his Majefty in Mind
of So fomon's Interrogation, ^^wJbo can ftand againft En-
. ^' vy?'' the King laid no more, than " that He did pea!-

«ly

Edwarj> Earl vf Clareni>ow, G?f . 8^

** If believe when He fent his Brother, that He would

"rcfofe it;* and added, "I tell you, Chancellor, that

•* You are too ftrift and apprehenfive in thofe Things,

**and truft me, it is better to be envied than pitied."

The Duke did not diflcmble his Refentment, and told

iiis Wife, " that He kxJc rt very ill -, that He defircd

••that thic World might take Notice of his Friendlhip

"lo her Father, and that, after former Unkindncfs,

"He was heartily reconciled to himj but that her

•• Father cared not to have that believed, nor would

**have it b^ieved that his Intereft in the King was

I " HOC en€)ugh, to have no Need g( good Offices from

I •*d»c Duke :*• Whkh Difcourfc He ufed likewHe to

I die Marqms of Ormmd and others, \shb He thought

would ifxtbrni the Chancellor of It. And the Dutchefs -

was much troubled at it, and took it unkindly of her

Father, who thought himfelf obliged to wait upon

his R^yal Highnefs, and to vindicate himfelf from

(f5]diac FoHy He was charged with; in which He pro-

tdfed to him, ^ that He fo abfolutely and entirely

** depended upon his Proteftion, that He would never

** receive any Favour from the King, but by his Me-

** diotion and Interpofition :" To which the Drtke an-

fwcrcd, " that He fhould fee whether He would have

•* that Deference to him fhordy.'*

A N D it was not long before the Day for the Co- Hcnfifidf
rena^on was appointed, when the King had appointed %^*''
to make fome Barons, and to raife fome who were
; Barons to higher Degrees of Honour ; moft of whom
5 were Men not very grateful, becaufe They had been
&ulty, though They had afterwards redeemed what
was paft, by having performed very fignal Services
to his Majefty, and were able to do him more : Up-
on which the King had refolved to confer thofe Ho-
nours upon them, and in Truth had promifed it- to
them, or to fome of their Friends, before He came
from beyond the Seas. At this Time the Duke came
to the Chancellor, and faid, " He (hould now difco-
'* vec whether He would be as good ^s hi$ Wort! :**

G 2 and

$4 ^be Continuation of the Life of

and {o gave him a Paper, which was a Warrant under
the King's Sign Manual to the Attorney General, to'
prepare a Grant, by which the Chancellor (hould be
created an Earl. To which, upon the Reading, He
began to make Objections ; when the Duke faid,
*' my Lord, I have thought fit to give you this Ear-
" neft of my Friendlhip, You may rejeft it if You
** think fit i'* and departed. And the Chancellor, up-
on RecoUedion, and Conference with his two Friends,
the Treafurer and the Marquis of Ormondj found He
could not prudently refufe it. And fo, the Day or two
Maiftie»tb before the Coronation, He was with the others created
IJ^J^f* an Earl by the King in the Banqueting-Houfe j and, in
the very Minute of his Creation, had an Eameft of
the Envy that would enlue, in the Murmurs of fome,
who were ancienter Barons, at the Precedence given
to him before them ; of which He was totally igno-
rant, it being fefolved by the King upon the Place,
and the View of the Precedents of all Times when
any Officers of State were created with others. Yet
one of the Lords concerned fwore in the Ears of two
or three of his Friends, at the fame Time, " that He
" would be revenged for that AfiTront j** which rela-
ted not to the Chancellor's Precedence, for the other
was no Baron, but for the Precedence given to ano-'
ther, whom He thought his Inferiour, and imputed
the Partiality to his Power, who had not the leaft
Hand in it, nor knew it before it was determined.
Yet the other was as good as his Word, and took the
very firft Opportunity that was offered for his Revenge.
I will add one Inflance more, fufficient, if the other
were away, to convince all Men, how far He was
. from being tranfported with that Ambition, of which
He was accufcd, and for which He was condenmed.
After the firm Conjunction in the Royal Family was
notorious, and all the neighbour Princes had fent
their iplendid Embaifies of Congratulation to the
King, and defircd to renew all Treaties with this
Crowp, and the Parliament proceeded, how flowly

foever.

Edward Earl g^ Clarendon, &c. 85

focvcr, with great Duty and Reverence towards the
King; the Marquis of Ormond (whom the King had
by this Time made Duke of Ormcnd) came one Day
to him, and being in private, faid, *^ He came to
**(pcak to him of himfeif, and to let him know not
"only his own Opinion, but the Opinion of his bcft
"Friends, with whom He had often conferred upon
"the Argument: And that They all wondered, that
?*Hc fo much afFcfted the Poll He was in, as to con-
^tinue in the Office of Chancellor, which took up .
^ moft of his Time, efpecially all the Mornings, in
"Bufinds that many other Men could difcharge as
"well as He. Whereas He ought to leave that J^^^JT ^^
"fuch a Man as He thought fit for it, and to betake v^ as
M*^ himfeif to that Province, which Nobody knew fo^^^*^
"well how to difcharge. That the Credit He had**
^ with the King was known to all Men, and that He
**did in Truth remit that Province to him, which He
*^ would not own, and could not difcharge by the
^ Multiplicity of the Bufinefs of his Office, which was
**iiot of that Moment. That the King every Dav
^took lefs Care of his Affairs, and affi:£ted thoie
"Pleafures moft which made him averfe from the
** other. That He fpent moft ci his Time with eon-
'' fident young Men, who abhorred all Difcourfe that
" was ferious, and, in the Liberty They aflumed in
** Drollery and Raillery, preferved no Reverence to-
** wards God or Man, but laughed at all fobcr Men,
** and even at Religion itfclf j and that the Cuftom of
•* this Licenfe, that did yet only make the King merry
" for the prefcnt, by Degrees would grow acceptable
"to him; and that thcfe Men would by Degrees
"have the Prefumption (which yet They had not,
" nor would He in Truth then fuffer it) to enter into
" his Bufinefs, and by adminiftering to thofe ExcefTes,
" to which his Nature and Conftitution moft inclined
" him, would not only powerfully foment thofe In-
"clinations, but intermeddle and obftruft his moft
** weighty Counfels. That, for the Prevention of all

G 3 this

86 . "The Continuation of thi Laft of

^' this Mifchief, and the preferving the excellent Na-

^^ture and Underilandir^g. of the King from being

^' corrupted by fuch kwd Inftrumcnts, who had only

" a fcurrilous Kind of Wit to procure Laughter, but

"had no Senfe of Religion, or Reverence fbr the

*' Laws ; there was no Remedy in View, but his ^v-

Anitoafmt^^ ing up his Office, and bctuking himfelf wholly to

ifp^^M' " wait upon the Perfoii of the King, and to be with

wfttr. " him in thofe Seaibns, when that lOofe People would

" either abftain from coming, or, if They were pre-

" fent, would not have the Con^dence to fay or do

" thofe Things which They had been accuftomed to

"do before the King. By this Means, He would

" find frequent Opportunities to inform the King of

" the true State of his Affairs, and the Danger He

"incurred by not throughly underftanding them,

" and by being thought to be negligent in the Duties

"of Religion and fettling the Diilraftions in the

^* Church ; at leall, He would do fome Good in all

*' thcfe Particulars, or keep the Licenfe from fprcad*

•*' ing farther, which in Time it would do, to the rob-

" bing him of the Hearts of his People. That the

J* King, from the long Knowledge of his Fidelity,

" and the Efteem Re. had of his Virtue, received any

^* Advertifements and Animadverfions, aud even fuf-

" fered Reprchenfions, from him, better than from

." any other Maq ; therefore He would be able to do

" much Good, ^nd to deferve more than ever He had

♦' c^one from the whole Kingdom. And He did verily

" believe, thijt tins would be acceptable to the King

** himfelf, wJio knew lie could not enough attend to

" tlie many Things, which, being left undone, muft

" much dilbrder the whole Machine of liis Govern-

^* ment, or, being ill done, would in Time diflbhre

Hiuhvwiki^^ itj and that his Majefty would affign fuch a liberal

iljZt^: " Allowance for this Service, that He Ihould find

" himfelf well rewarded, and a great Gainer by acceptr

^^ ing it and putting oil his Office."

Hi

Edward/ Etfr/ &f. Clarendon, Gfr. %f

H fi .concluded, ^^ That was the Defire and Advice
''of all his Friends ; and that the Duke was fo far of
" the fiinie Judgment, thai He refolved to be very
'*inftant with him upon it, and only wilhed, that He
"Ihoidd firft break the Matter to him, that He might
''not be furprifed when his Royal Highneis entered
"upon. the. Difcourfe/* And He added, "that this
"Province muft inevitably at laft be committed ta
" ibfne one Man, who probably would be without that
" Affc&ion to the King's Perfon, that Experience in
" Affairs, and that Knowledge of the Laws and Con-
"(titution of the Kingdom, as all Men knew to be
"in the Chancellor/'
b7) Wh E N the Marquis had ended, with the Warmth
of Fricndihip which was fuperiour to any Temptation,
and in which no Man ever^exccllcd him, nor delivered »
what He had a Mind to fay more clearly, or with a
greater Weight of Words ; the Chancellor faid, "that
" He did not much wonder that many of his Friends,
" who had not the Opportunity to know him enough,
** and who might propofe to themfelves fome Benefit
'^fpom this unlimited Greatnefs, might in Tnith ou^
" of their Partiality to him, and by their not knowing
" the King's Nature, believe, • that his Warincfs and
" Integrity, and his Knowledge, of the Conftitution of
"the Government and the Nature of the People,*
" would conduct the King's Counfels in fuch a Way^*
" as would lead beft to his Power and Grcatnefs, and
" to the Good and Happinels of the Nation, which'
" would be the only fecure Support of his Power and
** Authority : But that He, who knew both the King
'* and him fo well, that no Mafi living knew either of
"them fo well, fhould be of that Opinion He had
" exprefled, was Matter of Admiration and Surprifal
" to him." He appealed to him, " how often He had
" heard him fay to the King in France^ Germany^ and
^"-FUndtrs^ when They two took .all the Pains They
" could to fix the King's Mind to a lively Senfe of his*
*' Condition j TbcU He mufi nol think now to recover his

" three

88 The Continuation of the Life of

" three Kingdoms by the dead Title ofbisDefcent andRigbt^
'* which had been Jo notorioufly bt^d and dijbonoured^ but
" by the Reputation of his Virtue^ Courage^ Piety, and
" Induftry ; that all thefe Virtues muft center in bimfelf
^^for that his Fate depended upon his Perfon ; and that the
*' Englifli Nation would fooner fubmit to the Government
" of Cromwell, than to any other Su^eSt who Jbould be
^^ thought to govern the King. That England would not
*• bear a Favourite^ nor any one Man, whofiould out of
" his Ambition engrofs to himfelf the Difpofal of the pub^
« Uck Affairs:'
Bm dit Fi He faid, " He was more now of the fame Mind,
^X^*'''> '"'" " and was confident that no honeft Man, of a compc-
" tentUndcrftanding, would undertake that Province; *
" and that for his own Part, if a Gallows were creftcd,
i " and if He had only the Choice to be hanged or to
** execute that Office, He would rather fubmit to the
" firft than the laft. In the one. He ftiould end his
'^Life with the Repuution of an honeft Man; in the
"other. He Ihould die with Difgracc and Infamy,
*• let his Innocence be what it would.'* He put the
Marquis in Mind, " how far the King was from ob-
•* ferving the Rules He had prefcribed to himfelf be-
•* fore He came from beyond the Seas, and was lb to-
•* tally unbent from his Bufinefs and addifted to Plea-
" fures, that the People generally began to take No-
•• tice of it ; that there was little Care taken to regu-
•* late Expences, even when He was •abfolutely with-
** out Supply ; that He would on a fudden be over-
" whelmed with fuch Debts, as would difquiet him,
•* and diflionour his Counfels ;** of which the Lx>nl
TreafCirer was fo fenfible, that He was already weary
of his Staff, before it had been in his Hands three
Months. ** That the Confidence the King had in him,
** befides the Affurancc He had of his Integrity and
*' Induftry, proceeded more from his Averfion to be
** troubled with the Intricacies of his Affairs, than
♦* from any Violence of Afteftion, which was not fo
**6<cd in bis Nature as to be like to tranfport him to

*• any

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. H9

^ any one Pcrfon : And that as He could not, in fo
**{hm a Time, be acquainted with many Men,
^whom in his Judgment He could prefer before the
^Chancellor for the Managery of his Bufinefs, who
^had been fi> long acquainted with it ; fo He would,
^in a ihort Time, be acquainted with many, who
*^ would by finding Fault with aD that was done be
M** thought much wifer Men ; it being one of his Ma-
** jefty^s greateft Infinnides, that He was apt to think
" too well of Men at the firft or fecond Sight."

He faid, ''whilft He kept the Office He had
" (which could better bear the Envy of the Bulk of
^ the AflFairs, than any other Qualification could) and
^ that it iupported lum in the Execution of it, the
^ King felt not the Burden of it \ becauife little of the
^Profit of it proceeded out of his own Purfe, and, if
**Hc were dead Tomorrow, the Place ftill muft be
^ conferred upon another. Whereas, if He gave over
^ that Admiiuftration, and had Nothing to rely upon
^ for the Support of himfclf atid Family, but an ex-
^ traordinary Penfion out of the Exchequer, under no
•* other Title or Pretence but of being Firft Minifter
•* (a Title fo newly tranflated out of French into Et^-
^ Ufi^ that it was not enough underftood to be liked*
^ and every Man would deteft it for the Burden it was
^ attended with); the King himfelf, who was not by
^ Nature immoderately inclined to give, would be
•* quickly weary of fo chargeable an Officer, and be
*' very willing to be freed from the Reproach of being
** governed by any (the very Sufpicion whereof He
'^ doth exceedingly abhor) at the Price and Charge of
** the Man, who had been raifed by him to that in-
" convenient Height above other Men, That whilft
^^ He had that Seal, He could have Admifllon to his
" Majefty as often as He defired, becaufe it was more
•* Eafe to receive an Account of his Bufinefs from him,
•* than to be prefent at the whole Debate of it j and
*• He well knew, the Chancellor had too much Bufinefs
** to defirc Audiences from his Majefty without neccf-

"fary

ga ffbe Co^itintdotkn of the Life (f

*' farf Reafon. But if the Office were in another
" Hand, and He fliould haunt his Prefence with the
" fame Importunity as a Spy upon his Pleafures, and
" a Difturbcr of the Jollities of his Meetings ; his'
^' Majeily would quickly be naufeated with his Com-
^' pany, which for the prefent He liked in fomc Sea-
" Ions ; and They, who for the prefent had fubmitted to
" fome Conftraint by the Gravity of his Countenance,
" would quickly difcovef that their Talents were more
' " acceptable, and by Degrees make him appear grie-
** vous to his Majefly, and foon after ridiculous.
•' That all his Hope wasi that the King would fhortlf
** find fome Lady fit to be his Wife, which ail honctt
*' Men ought to perfuade him to, and that being mar-
" ried. He made no Doubt, He would decline many
" of thofe Delights to which He was yet expofed, and
" which expofed him too much » and till that Time
" He could not think that his bcft Servants could cn-
" joy any pleafant Lives, That He prefumed the
"Parliament would, after They had railed Money
" enough to difband the Armies, and to pay ofi^ the*
" Seamen" ( towards Both which fomewhat was every
Day done, and Both which amounted to an inferedible
and infupporuble Charge ) " fettle fuch a Revenue*
" upon the Crown, as the King might conform hit
" Expenfe to; and that it fliould not be in any Body's
" Power, to make that Revenue be efteemed by him
" to be greater, than in Truth it would be. That
" when thefe two Things IhouU be brought to pafs,
" He did hope, that the King would take Pkafure in
*' making himidf Mafter of every Part of his Bufineis,
" and not charge any Man with a greater Share of
" it than He can difcharge, or than will agree witk bis
" own Dignity and Honour. In the mean Time,**
He befought the Marquis, " that He would conveit
" the Duke of York and all other Perfmis from driac^
"Opinion, which could not but appear ermneous to j
** himfclf by the Reafons He had heard ^ and th»t if I
** 1 le could be brought to conk^nl to what had been

Edward Earl ef Clarendon, &c, . 91

•• propoled to hJm ( and which rather than He would
**do^ He would fiifFer ft thoufand Deaths), as it! would
*• inevitably prove his own Ruin and Dfeftr uftion,- lb
(<9." it would bring an irreparable Damage to the King!'*
And thcref5M^ He conjured him " to invite the King
"by his own Example, and by afluming his own
-Share of the Work,** which for fome Time He had
declined fince the Return into England., " and by be-
" in J[ himfelf conftantly with his Majcfty, to whom He
" was acceptable at all Hours, He would obftruft the
** Operation of that ill Company, which neither knew
•*how to behave themfelves, nor could reafonably
** propofe fo much Benefit to themfelves, as by the
** Propagation of their Follies and Viltanies ; and by
•• Degrees induce his Majefty more proportionably to
^mingle his Bufinefs with his Pleafures, which He
•• obxAd not totally abandon/'

Th b Marquis could not deny, but that many of
the Reafbns alledged by the Chancellor were of that
Weight as ought to prevail with him ; and therefore
forbore ever after to prefs him upon the fame Particu-
lar. And the Duke of Tark (hortly undertook a Con-
ference with him upon the fame Argument, upon
which the other durft not enlarge with the fame
Freedom as He had done to the Marquis -, both be»
Ciiufe hi* Eyes could not bear the Profpeft of fo many
Things at once, as likewife that He knew He com-
fliunrcated with fome Perfons, who, whatever They
pretended, had Nothing like good AfFedion for him :
So that He rather pacified his Royal Hi^hnefs upon
that Subjcft, and diverted him from urging it, than
latisfied nim with his Grounds. And others who wi(h-
ed well to him, and better to the Publick, acquiefced
with his perenriprory Refolution, without believing
tfaat He refolved weO either for his own Particular, or
tUt Kirtg's Affairs ; and did always think that He
ii^hc have prevenwd his own Fate, if He had at
Time fubrrjined to the Judgment of his beft
I thotJgfi Umi*M itiiwiiqed fo pofitive to the

con-

A

gt Tbe Qmtinuation of the Life of

contraiy, that He often faid, '^ that He would not
^ havfe redeemed himfelf by that Expedient, and that
•• He could never have borne that Fate with that Tran-
" quillity of Mind, which God enabfed him to do, if
" He had pafied to it through that Province."
Ommjfmn WHILST the general Affairs of England^ by the
iG^fim lo'^S Debates in Parliament, remained thus unfettled,
^'^'"'the King was no lefs troubled and perplexed how to
compofe his two other Kingdoms ot Scotland and Lre-
land'^ from Both which there were feveral Perfbns of .
the beft Condition of either Kingdom fent, with the
Tender and Prefentation of their Allegiance to his
Majeftjr, and expeftcd his immediate Diredtion to free
them from the Diftraftions they were in •, and, by ta-
king the Government upon himfelf into his own
Hands, to be freed from thofe extraordinary Commif-
fions, under which they had been Both governed with
a Rod of Iron by the late Powers ; the ihifting of
which from one Fafton to another had adminiftered no
Kind of Variety to them, but they had remained Hill
under the fame full Extent of Tyranny.
niSuu^ Th E whole Frame of the ancient Government of
2^2*^^ Scotland had been fo entirely confounded by GromweU^
and new-modelled by the Laws and Cuftoms of jB«g^-
landy that is, thofe Laws and Cuftoms which the
Commonwealth had eftablifhed ; that He had hardly
left Fqotftcps by which the old might be traced out
agAin. The Power of the Nobility was fo totally fup-
preiTed and cxtinguiflied, that their Perfons found no
more Refpeft or Diftinftion from the common People,
than the Acceptation They found from Cromwell^ and
the Credit He gave them by fome particular Truft,
drew to them. Their beloved Prelbytery was become
a Term of Repi:oach, and ridiculous ; the Pride and
Activity of their Preachers fubdued, and reduced to the
loweft Contempt •, and the Standard of their Relieion
remitted to the fole Order and Direftion of their
Commander in chief. All criminal Cafes (except
where the General thought it more expedient to pro-
ceed

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 93

(5D)oeed by martial Law) were tried and punifhed before
Judges fent from England^ and by the Laws of Eng^
Umdi and Matters of civil Intereft before itinerant
Judges, who went twice a Year in Circuits through
the Kingdom, and determined all Matters of Right by
the Rules and Cuftoms which were obferved in Eng-^
land. They had Liberty to fend a partioilar Number
diat was afligned to them to fit in the Parliament of
Englamdy, and to vote there with all Liberty 5 which
Tliy had done. And in Recompenfe thereof, all fuch
Monies were levied in Scotland^ as were given by the
Parliament of England^ by which fuch Contributions
were raifed, as were proportionable to the Expenfe,
which the Army and Garrifons which fubdued them
put the Kingdonx of England to. Nor was there any
other Authority to raife Money in Scotland^ but what
was derived from the Parliament or General of Eng-
lamL

A K D all this prodigious Mutation and Transfor-
mation had been lubmitted to with the fame Refigna-
tion and Obedience, as if the fame had been tranlmit-
ted by an uninterrupted Succeffion from King Fergus:
And it might well be a Queftion, whether the Gene-
rality of the Nation was not better contented with it,
than to return into the old Road of Subjeftion. But
the King would not build according to Cromwell's
Models, and had many Reafons to continue Scotland
within its own Limits and Bounds, and fole Depend-
ance upon himfelf, rather than unite it to England with
fo many Hazards and Dangers as would inevitably
have accompanied it, under any Government left ty-
rannical than that of Cromwell. And the refettling that
Kingdom was to be done with much lefs Difficulty,
than the other of Ireland^ by Reafon that all who ap-
peared concerned in it or for it, as a Committee for
that Kingdom, were united between themfelves, and
did^ or did pretend to, defire the fame Things. They
all appeared under the Proteftion and Recommenda-
tion of the General i and their Dependance was the

more

g^ The Continuation of the Life of

more upon him, becaufc He (till commanded thofe
Carrifons and Forces in Scotland^ which kept them to
their. Obedience. And He was the more willing to
give them a Teilimony of their Affedion to the King,
a^d that without their Help He could not bave been
able tx> have marched into England agaioft Lsmberi^
that They might i^ak the more confident!/, '^ that
** They gave him that Afliftance, becauie They were
^^ well aflured that his Intention was to fenre the King:*
Whereas They did indeed give him only what They
could not keep from him ; nor dkl They know any elf
his Intentions, or himfelf at that Time intend any
Thing for tlic King. But it is very true. They were
all either Men who liad merited beft from the King,
or had fuSered men; for him, or at leaft had ai£bcd
leaft againft him, and (which They looked upon ai
the moft valuable Qualification) They weie alU or
pretended to be, the moft implacable Enemies to the
Marquis of Argjle^ which was the ShibhUtb by which
the AfTeftions of that whole Nation were belt difttn-
guilhed.
Stm Account The Chief of the Commiffioners was the Lord
c^oJi^^r ^^^^^^^i * younger Son of the Marquis of Dougia/s^
' *'*''* who had been known to the King in France^ M'herc He
^stLtk! had been bred a Roman CafboUck, which was the Re-
ligion of bis t'amily, but had returned into Scotland
after it had been lubdued by CronnvfU -, and being'a
very handlome young Man, was eafily converted from
tJie Religion of his Father, in wBich He had bcea
bred, to that of his elder Brother the Eari of J^gus^
tlut He might marry the Daughter and Heir of James
Duke HcmuUo^i^ who from the JBattle of N^orcefter^
where her Uncle Duke IVilliam was killed, had inherit-
ed tlvc Title of Dutchels, with the fair Seat oi Hamil-
ton^ and all die Lands which belonged to her Fathcr.^^,
Anil her Hufbaiid now, according to the Cuilom of
Siiolltvtd^ alfumcd the lame Title with her, and ap-
peared iji the Head of die Commiflioncrs under the
S<ylo.Qf Duke Ilamiliony with tljc Merit o£ having

never

EpwAitD Earl of Clarewdon, 6?r. 95

n^r diflfcnrcd the King, and with the Advantage of
irhttfcever *ns Wife coald daim by the Death of her
Father, which -defervcd to wipe out the Memory of
vhate^per had been done amife in his Life.

The Earl of <jlencarne was another of the Com- oftunatuf
mffioncrs, a Man very weH bdm and bred, and of ^^"^"^*
vwy good Parts. As He had rendered himfelf very
acceptaUe to the King, during his being in Scotland^
fey Ms very good Behaviour towards himi fo even after
that fttfti Blow at Worctfter He did not diffemble his
Affe6kion to his Majefty ; but withdrawing himfetf
into the Higblandsj dining the Time that Cromwell re-
mained in Scotland^ He fent over an Exprefs to aflurc
the King of his Fidelity, and that He would take the
firft Opportunity to ferve him. And when upon his
Hr&K MdMeten was defigned to command there. He
firft retired into the Highlands^ and drew a Body of Men
together to receive him. He was a Man of Honour,
and good Principles as well with Reference to die
Chufch as to the State, which few others, even of thofe
. ?rhich flow appeared moft devoted to the King, avow-
ed to "be ; for the Prefby tery was yet their Idol. From
the Time that He had received a Proteftion and Safe-
guard from General Monky after there was little Hope
of doing Good by Force, He lived quiedy at his
Houfe, and was more favoured by the General than
any of thofe who fpoke moft loudly againft the King,
and w»s moft truted by him when He was zx. Berwick
upon his March intp IS^fand-, and was now prefented
by him to the King, as a Man worthy of his Truft in
an eminent Poft of -th^t Kingdom.

With thefe there were others of lels Name, but
of good AfFeftbns and Abilities, who came toother
from Scotland as Conimiflioners ; but They found
othere in London as weH qualified to do their Country
Service, and whofe Names were wifely inlerted in their
Commiffion by thofe who afllimed the Authority to
fend the other. The Earl of Laulberdale, who h:idon\£frUf
been very emment m contnving and carrymg on the

King's

96 ^be Continuation of the Life of

King's Service when his Majcfly was crowned in Scot-
land and thereby had wrought himfelf into a very par-
ticular Efteem with the King, had marched with nim
into England^ and behaved himfelf well at Worctfier^
where He was taken Prifoner j had, befides that Me-
rit, the fufFering an Imprifonment itom that very
Time with fome Circumftances of extreme Rigour,
being a Man againft whom Cromwell had always pro-
fefled a more than ordinary Animolity. And though
the Scene of his Imprifonment had been altered ac-
cording to the Alteration of the Governments which
fucceeded, yet He never found himfelf in complete
Liberty tUl the King was proclaimed by the Parlia-
ment, and then He thought it not necef&ry to rep^r
into Scotland for Authority or Recommendation ; but
fending his Advice thither to his Friends, He made
Hafte to tranfport himfelf with the Parliament Com^
miflioners to the Hague^ where He was very well re-
ceived by the King, and left Nothing undone on his
Part that might cultivate thofe old Inclinations, be-
ing a Man of as much Addrefs and Infinuadon, in
which that Nation excels, as was then amongft them.
He applied himfelf to thofe who were mod trufted by
the King with a marvellous Importunity, and efpeci-
ally to the Chancellor, with whom, as often as They
had ever been together. He had had a perpetual War.
He now magnified his Conftancy with loud Elogiums,
as well to his Face as behind his Back, remembered
" many ihaip Expreflions formerly ufed by the Chan-(5a
^' cellor, which He confefied had then made him mad,
^* though upon Recolledion afterwards He had found
** them to be very reafonable." He was very polite
in all his Difcourfes, called himfelf and his Nadon
*^ a thoufand Traitors and Rebels," and in his Dii-
courfes frequently faid, ** when I was a Traitor/* or.
" when I was in Rebellion,** and feemed not equally
delighted with any Argument, as when He fcornfuUy
fpake of the Covenant^ upon which He brake a hun-
dred Jefts. In Sum, all his Difcourfes were fuch as

pleafed

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 97

pleafed all the Company, who commonly believed all
He faid, and concurred with him. He renewed his
old Acquaintance and Familiarity with Mddleton by
all the Proteftations of Friendftiip, aflurcd him '' of
"the unanimous Dcfire of Scotland to be under his
"Command/' and declared to the King, "that He
"could not fend any Man into Scotland^ who would
" be able to do him fo much Service in the Place of
**Commiflioner as Middleton^ and that it was in his
"Majefty*s Power to unite the whole Kingdom to
" his Service as one Man." All which pleafed the
King well : So that, by the Time that the Com-
tniflioners appeared at London^ upon fome old Promifc
in Scotland^ or new Inclination upon his long Suffer-
ings, which He magnified enough, the King gave
Mm the Signet, and declared him to be Secretary of iiforMf ^ .
State to that Kingdom ; and at the fame Time decla-fj^j^^
cd that Middleton Ihould be his Gommiflioncr; the^^^eT.
Eail of Gkncarne his Chancellor ; the Earl of Rothes^
who was likewife one of the Commiflioners, and his
Peribn very agreeable to the King, Prefident of the
Council; and conferred all other inferiour Offices up-
on Men moft notable for their AfFcftion to the old
Government of Church and State.

A N D the firft Propofition that the Commiflioners
made after their Meeting together, and before They
entered upon Debate of the Publick, was, ** that his
" Majefty would add to the Council of Scotland^ which
*^ ihould refide near his Peribn, the Chancellor and.
**Trcafurer of England^ the General, the Marquis of
^ Ormondy and Secretary Nicholas^ who (hould be al-
" ways prefent when any Thing (hould be debated and
" refolved concerning that Kingdom : '* Which De-
fire, fo difierent from any that had been in Times paft,
pcriuaded the King tfiat their Intentions were very fin-
ccrc. Whatever Appearance there was of Unity a-
mongft them, for there was Nothing like Contradic-
tion, there was a general Diflike by them all of the
Power Lautberdale had with the Kinpr, who They

Vol. II. H " knew

pS The Contintiotim t^f the Life of

knew prefled many Things without Communication
0fthtF.M with them, as He had prevailed that the Earl of Craw-
2j^ft^""* /^r^ Uttdfp (hould continue in the Office He formerly
had of being High Treafurer of that Kinfi;dom, though
He was known to be a Man incorrigible in his Zeal
for the Prelby tery, and all the Madneffes of Kirk, and
not firm to other Principles upon whkh the Authority
of tlie Crown muft be eftablifliedi fo that They could
not lb much as confult in his Prcfence of many Par^
liculars of the higheft Moment and Importance to the
publick Settlement. Yet his having behaved himfclf
well towards the King, whilft He was in that King*
dom, and his having undergone great Pcrfecution un-
iier Crcmv:eU^ and profeffing now all Obedience to his
Majefty, prevailed that He (hould not be displaced
upon his Majefty's firft Entrance upon Im Govern*
ment, but that a new Occaiion fhould be attended to,
which was in View, and when the King reiblved, with-
out communicating his Purpofe to LoMtberdaUj to con-
fer that OtEce upon MidJleion^ when He (hould have
proceeded the firft Stage in his Commifiion ^ and of
this his Reiblution He was gracioufly pkafed to in-
torm him.
rxr jrurTi.x The Marquis of Jr^U (without mentioning of(j
— "^It u^ ^"'-^'^^ ^^^^^ ^^ hardly be any Mention of Scailsnd)
'"* * though He was not of this Fraternity, yet thought He
could cell as fair a Story for himfclf as any of toe reft,
aad coritr.bute as much to the King's ab&lute Power
Li S,^z:u2;J. And therefore He had no (boner uoq|ae£>
r.orucle Nodce of the King's being in ^rn-fri, buc
He made Hafte thither with as much CooEdcDce is
the zdL Bur the CommiiBoBers who were bc£brc him
wTough: fo far with the King, that in the very Afioutt
of hii Arrival Hr wis arrefted by a Warrant under die
King's Hand, and carried to the iL€v:er^ upoa aOw^
of High Treaibn.

H £ was a Maa like Drmce^ in flrpl^

Lsrps

Edward JS^r/ g/* Clarendon, Gfr. 99

hargus OpufHy et Lingua melior^ fedfrigida Bello ^^^*
Dexter dy Confiliis habitus ncnfutiHs AuUoTj
Sediiione potens.

Without Doubt He was a Pcrfon of extraordinary
Cunning, well bred 5 and though, by the Ill-Placing
rf his Eyes, He did not appear with any great Ad-
vantage at firft Sight, yet He reconciled even thofe
irfio had AvcrfitJn to him very ftrangely by a little
Converfetion : Infomirch ds after fo many repeated In-
dignitieaf ( to fay no worfe ) which He had put upon
the late Ring, and wheh He had continued the fame
Afllrohts to the prefent King, by hindering the Scots
from- inviting hiril, and as long as was poffible kept
him ft6m being received by them ; when there was no
fenwdy, and that He was atflrually landed, no Man
paid him fo much Reverence and outward Refpeft,
and gave fo good an Example to all others, with what
Veneration their King ought to be treated, as the Mar-
quis of Argyk did, and in a very Ihort Time made
Wmfclf agi^c^able and acceptable to him. His Wit
was pregnant, and his Humour gay and pleafant, ex-
cept when He liked not the Company or the Argu*
ment. And though He never confcnted to any one
Thing of Moment, which the King afked of him, and
even in- thofe Seafons in which He was ufed with mod
Rudencfs by the Clergy, and witli fome Barbarity by
his Son the Lord Lorne^ whom He had made Captain
of his Majefty*s Guard, to guard him from his Friends -
^tiiA from all who He defired (hould have Accefs to
him -, the Marquis ftill had that Addrefs, that He
perfuaded him all was for the bed. When the other
Fa6Hon prevailed, in which there were likewife crafty
Managers^ and that his Counfels were commonly re-
jcfted. He carried himfelf fo, that They who hated
him mod were willing to compound with him, and
that his Majefty fhould not withdraw his Countenance
from him. But H« continued in all his Charges,

H 2 and

loo 72^^ Cuntinuatiun of the Life of

and had a very great Party in that Parliament that
was moft devoted to fervc the King •, fo that his Ma-
jefly was often put to defire his Help to compafs what
He defired. He did heartily oppofe the King's march-
ing with his Army into England^ the ill Succefs where-
of made many Men believe afterwards, that He had
more Reafons for the Counfels He gave, than They
had who were of another Opinion. And the King
was fo far from thinking him his Enemy, that when
it was. privately propofed to him by thofe He trulled
moft, that He might be fecured from doing Hurt
when the King was marched into England^ fince He
was fo much againft it ; his Majelty would by no
Means confent to it, but parted with him very gra-
cioufly, as with One He expeftcd good Service from.
All which the Commiflioners well remembered, and
were very unwilling that He ihould be again admitted
into his Prefence, to make his own Excufes for any
Thing He could be charged with. And his Behavi-
our afterwards, and the good Correfpondence He hzdis*
kept with Cromwell^ but efpecially fome confident Aver-
ments of fome particular Words or Actions which re-
lated to the Murder of his Father, prevailed with his
Majefty not to fpeak with him, which He laboured by
many Addrefles, in Petitions to the King and Letters
to fome of thofe who were trufted by him, which
were often prevented by his Wife and his Son, and in
which He only defired " to fpeak with the King or
" with fome of thofe Lords," pretending " that He
** fliould inform and communicate fomewhat that
•* would highly concern his Majefty*s Service." But
the King not vouchfafing to admit him to his Pre-
fence, the JS^nJifi Lords had no Mind to have any
Conference with a Man who had fo dark a Character,
or to meddle in an Affair that muft be examined and
Sentiffto judged by the Laws of Scotland: And fo it was refolv-
scotiandr. ^j^ ^j^^^ ^j^^ Marquis of yirgyle (hould be fent by Sea
into Scotland^ to be tried before the Parliament there
when the CommifSoner ihould arrive, who was dif-

patched

Edward Earl of Clarendon, G?r- loi

patched thither with the reft of the Lords, as foon as
the Seals and other Badges of their feveral Offices
could be prepared. And what afterwards became of
the Marquis is known to all Men ; as it grew quickly ^

to appear, that what Bitternefs foever the Earl of Lau-
tberdaU had expreffed towards him in his general Dif-
courfes. He had in Truth a great Mind to have pre-
fcrvcd him, and fo kept fuch a Pillar of Prefbytery
againft a good Occafion, which was not then Tufpeded
by the reft of the Commiffioncrs.

The Lords of the Englt/b Council, who were ap-
pointed to fit with the S(;ptSy met with them to confult
upon the Inftruftions which were to be given to the
King^s Commiffioner, who was now created Earl of
MiddUton. The Scots feemed all refolute and impatient
to vindicate their Country from the Infamy of deliver-
ing up the laft King ( for all Things relating to the
former Rebellion had been put in Oblivion by his late
Majefty's A£l of Indemnity at his laft being in Scotland)
and ilrifUy to examine who of that Nation had con-
tributed to his Murder, of which They were confident
ArgyU would be found very guilty. MsddUton was very lu Eari of
carneft, " that He might for the Humiliation of the Jf^J",^
" Preachers, and to prevent any unruly Proceeding of Rt^aUifi-
" theirs in their Aflcmbly, begin with refcinding the "^^^if^'^'
" AS of the Covenant^ and all other Ads which had Scotland,
" invaded the King's Power Ecclefiaftical, and then
" proceed to the ereding of Bilhops in that Kingdom,
" according to the ancient Inftitution :" And with him in^h^baa
GUncarne^ Rothes^ and all the reft (Lautberdale only '^^;;^
excepted) concurred •, and averred, " that it would be ^^h i-»«'
" very eafily brought to pafs, becaufe the tyrannical ^"^^^ *'
"Proceedings of the Aflemblies and their feveral
** Prelbyteries had fo far incenfed Perfons of all De-
'' grees, that not only the Nobility, Gentry, and com-
*' mon People would be glad to be freed from them,
"btff that the moft learned and beft Part of the Mi-
"nifters defired the fame, and to be fubjeft again to
" the Bifhops 5 and that there would be enough found

H 3 "of

loz The Cmtifiuatkn of the JJft of

" of the Scots Clergy, very worthy and very willing Co
" fupply thofe Ctuurges.

LAUTHERDALEj with a Paffion fuperiour to the
reft, inveighed againft the Covenaniy called "it a wick-
^' ed, traiterous Combination of lUbels againft their
" lawful Sovereign, and cxprefely againft the Laws of
" their own Country ; protcfted his own hearty Br-
*' pentance for the Part He had afted in the Promo*
^^ tion thereof, and that He was confident that God,
** who was Witncfs of his Repentance, had forgiven
^' him that foul Sin : That no Man there had a greater
" Reverence for the Government by Biihops than He
" himfelf had ; and that He was moft confident, that
" the Kingdom of Scotland could never be happy in
^' itfclf, nor ever be reduced to a perfcft SubmiJBioa
" and Obedience to the King, till the Epifcopal Go-
^* vernment was again eftablifhed there. The Scruple
*' that only remained with him, and which made him
" differ with his Brethren, was, of the Manner how
" it Ihoqld be attempted, and of the Time when it
*' fliould be endeavoured to be brought to pafs." And
then with his ufual Warmth when He thought it nc^
ceffary to be warm ( for at other Times He could be
as calm as any Man, though not fo naturally) He de-
fired " *hat the Commiflioner might have no Inftruc-
♦* tion for the prefent to make any Approach towards
*^ either ; on the contrary, that He might be reflrain-
pUmtfiiiy " ed from it by his Majefty*s fpecial Direftion : For
M^l/'^**" though his own Prudence, upon the Obfervation He
" (hould quickly make when He came thither, would
** reftrain him from doing any Thing which might be
" inconvenient to his Majefty's Service ; yet without
" that He would hardly be able to reftrain others,
" who for Want of Undcfftanding, or out of 111- Will
♦* to particular Men, might be too forward to fet fuch
** a Defign on Foot/*

Hi dcfired " that in the firft Seffions of Parliament
*^ no farther Attempt might be made, than in Purr
^^ fuance of what had been firft mentioned, the vindir

. **catinjg

Edward Earl of Clarzudoh, &c. 103

"eating their Country from all Things which related
" to the Murder of the late King, which would com-
**prchcnd the Delivery up of his Perfon, the aflerting
" the King's Royal Power, by which all future At-
•* tempts towards Rebellion would be prevented, and
•* the Trial of the Marquis of Jrgyle \ all which would
" take up more Time than Parliaments in that King-
^ dom, till the late ill Times, had ufed to continue
•together. That after the Expiration of the firft
*• Sefllon, in which a good Judgment might be made
" of the Temper of that Kingdom, and the Commif-
**fioner's Prudence might have an Influence upon
•• many leading Men to change their prcfent Tem-
•* per, fach farther Advance might be made for the
•* Reformadoa of the Kirk as his Majefty (hould judge
*• beft ; and 'then He made no Doubt, but all would
** by Degrees be compaflcd in that Particular which
•* could be defired, and which was the more refolutely
**to be defired, becaufe He ftill confefled that the
** King;.could not be fecure nor the Kingdom happy,
•*till the Eprfcopal Government could be reilored
" But He undertook to know fo well the Nature of
** that People" ( though He had not been in that
Kingdom fince his Majefty left it) "that if it were
** undertaken prefently, or without due Circumftances
" in preparing more Men than could in a fhort Time
" be done, it would not only mifcarry, but with it
" his Majefty be difappointed of many of the other
*' Particulars, which He would otherwife be fure to
" obtain.**

He named many of the Nobility and leading Men,
who He faid " were ftill fo infatuated with the Cove-
" nant^ that They would with equal Patience hear of
" the Rejedlion of the four Evangelifts, who yet, by
" Converiation and other Information and Applica-
" tion, might in Time be wrought upon." He fre-
quently appealed to the King's own Memory, and Ob-
fervation when He was in that Kingdom, " how fu-
*' perititioqs They, who were moft devoted to do him

i04t 7X^ Continuation of the Life of

** Service, and were at his Difpofal in all Things,
** were towards the Covenant : That all They did for
** him, which was all that He defired them to do, was
r** looked upon as the EfFe£ls of thofe Obligations
** which the Covenant had laid upon them,'* He ap-
" pealed to the General, ( " who,'* He faid, " knew
** Scotland better than any one Man of that Nation
** could pretend to do ) whether He thought this a
^^ proper Seafon to attempt lb great a Change in that
"Kingdom, before other more prefllng Adb were
"compaffed; and whether He did not know, that
" the very prefling the Obligations in the Covenant
" lately in England hzd not contributed very much to
** the Reftoration of the King, which the London Mi-
** nifters confidently urged at prefent as an Argument!^
" for his Indulgence towards them. And," He faid,
" though He well knew, that his Majefty was fiiUy
" refolved to maintain the Government of the Church
" of England in its full Luftre, which He thanked God
" for, being in his Judgment the beft Government
'* Ecclefiaftical in the World ; yet He could not but
** obferve, that the King's Prudence had yet forborne
** to make any new Bilhops, and had upon the Mat-
" ter fulbended the Engli/h Liturgy by not enjoining it,
" out of Indulgence to Diflcnters, and to allow them
" Time to confider and to be well informed and in-
" ftruf ted in thofe Forms, which had been for lo
•* many Years rcjefted or difcontinued, that the Peo-
** pie in general and many Minifters had never feen or '
•* heard it uftd : So that the Prcjbyterians here remain-
" ed ftill in Hope of his Majcfty's Favour and Con-
" defcenfion, that T hey fhould be permitted to con-
" tinue their own Forms, or no forms, in their De-
** votions and publick Worfhip of God. In Confide- <
" ration of all which. He thought it very incongru-
"ous, and fomewhat againft his Majefly's Dignity,
" fuddenly and with Precipitation to begin and at-
" tempt llich an Alteration in Scotland^ againft a Go-
f* vernmcnt that had more Antiquity there, and was

^'more

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Gfr. 105

" more generally fubmitted to and accepted, dian it '
" had been in England^ before He hiinfelf had de-
^ dared his own Judgment againft it in this King-
"dom; which He prefumed He would fhortly do,
"and which would be the beft Introduftion to the
" fame in Scotland^ where all the King's Aftions and
" Determinations would be looked upon with the high-
« eft Veneration."

H E concluded, " that if the other more vigorous
"Courfe fhould be refolved upon, the Marquis of
" ^^rgjU would be very glad of it ; for though He
" was generally odious to all Degrees of Men, yet He
** was not fo much hated as the Covenant was beloved
** and worfliipped : And that when They fhould dif-
"cem that They muft be deprived of that. They
** would rather dcfire to preferve Both. And there-
"fore,** He faid, **his Advice flill was, that He
^fhould be firft out of the Way, who was looked
"upon as the Upholder oi xht Covenant and the chief
"Pillar of the Kirk, before any vifible Attempt
"fliould be made againft the other, which would
" afluredly be done by Degrees.

Many Particulars in this Difcourfe confidenty
urged, and with more Advantage of Elocution than
the Fatnefs of his Tongue, that ever filled his Mouth,
ufually was attended with, feemed reafonable to many,
and worthy to be anfwered ; and his frequent Appeals
to the King, in which there were always fome ridicui-
lous Inftances of the Ufe made of the Covenant^ with
Reference to the Power of the Preachers in the do-
meflick Affairs of other Men, and the like, ( which
though it made it the more odious, was ftill an Argu-
ment of the Reverence that was generally paid to it,
all which Inflances were well remembered by the King,
who commonly added others of the fame Standard from
his own Memory) made his Majefty in Sufpenfe, or u',Di/cm0fi
rather inclined that Nothing fhould be attempted ^hat^^
concerned the Kirk till the next SefTion of Parliament, Sj^ **
y^htn Lautberdale himfelf confefTed it might be fecurely

effe^ed.

io8 The Continuation of the Life of

by their not loving one another, and being of fcvcral
Complexions and Conftitutions, and Both of a long
Averfion to the King by Multiplications of Guilt
When Richard was thrown out, the fupreme Power of
the Militia was veiled in Ludlow^ and all the civil Ju-
rifdiftion in Perfons who had been Judges of the King,(M
and poffefled ample Fortunes, which They could no
longer hold than their Authority ftiould be maintain-
ed. But the two Prefidents remained in their fcveral
Provinces with their full Power, either becaufe They
had not deferved to be fufpeded, or becaufe They
could not eafily be removed, being ftill fubjedt to the
Commiffioners at Dublin. The next Change of Go-
vernment removed Ludlow and the reft of that delpe-
rate Crew, and committed the Government to others
of more moderate Principles, yet far enough from
wiftiing well to the King. In thofe Revolutions Sir
Charles Coote took an Opportunity to fend an Expreis
to the King, who was then at Bruffels^ with the Ten-
der of his Obedience, with great Cautions as to the
Time of appearing ; only defired " to have fuch Com-
^^ midions in his hands as might be applied to his
♦* Majefty*s Service in a proper Conjunfture,** which
were fent to him, and never made Ufe of by him.
He exprefled great Jealoufy of Brogbillj and an Un-
willingnefs that He fhould know of his Engagement.
And the Alterations fuccecded fo faft one upon ano-
ther, that They Both cliofe rather to depend upon
General Monk than upon the King, imagining, as
They faid afterwards, " that He intended Nothing
*' but the King's Rcftoration, and beft knew how to
" efFeft it/' And by feme private Letter, for there
was no Order fent, to Coote and ibme other Officers
there, " that They would adhere to his Army for the
** Service of the Parliament again ft Lambert ^"^ Coote^
found Affiftance to feize upon the Caftle of Dublin^
and the Perfons of thofe who were in Authority, who
were imprifoned by them, and the Government fettled
in that Manner as They thought moft agreeable to

the

Edward Earl of Clarendon, G?r. 109 ^

the Prcfbytcrian Humour, until the General was de-
clared Lieutenant of Ireland^ who fent Commiffio- ccmmfimert
ners to the fame Perfons, who, as foon as the King-^^^^
was proclaimed, fent their Commiflioners to the King^ MirdaiidT
who were called Commiflioners from the State, and
brought a Prefent of Money to the King from the
lame, with all Profeflions of Duty which could be ex-
peded from the belt: SubjeAs.

I. These were the Lord Brogbilly Sir Audly Mervin^ tXmmmffm^
Sir John Clotworthy^ and feveral other Perfons of Qua- S^"^
lity, much the greater Number whereof had been
always notorious for the Diflervice They had done
the King; but upon the Advantage of having been
difcountenanced, and fuffered long Imtprifonment and
other Damages, under Cromwell^ They called them-
fclves the King's Party, and brought Expeftations
with them to be looked upon and treated as fuch.
Amongft them was a Brother, and other Friends,
made Choice of and more immediately trufted by Sir
(Carles Coote^ who remained in the Caftle of Dullin^
and prefided in that Council that fupplied the Govern-
ment, and was thought to have the beft Intercft in
the Army as well as in his own Province. "And
" thefe Men,*' He faid, " had been privy to the Ser-
" vice He meant to have done the King, and expeded
** the Performance of feveral Promifes He had then
" made them by Virtue of fome Authority had been
" fent to him to aflure thofe, who Ihould join with
"him to do his Majefty Service/' All thefe Com-
miflioners from the State had Inftruftions, to which
They were to conform in defiring Nothing from the
King, but " the fettling his own Authority amongft
"them, the ordering the Army, the reviving the
" Execution of the Laws, and fettling the Courts of
"Juftice'* (all which had been diflblved in the late
Ufurpation), "and fuch other Particulars as purely
"related to the Publick/* And their publick Ad-
drcflcs were to this and no other Purpofe. But then
to their private Friends, and fuch as They defired to

make

110 T^he Continuation of the Life tf

make their Friends, moft of them had ihay Pttt&n

ef Merit, and ipany Expedients by which the Ki

might reward them, and out of which They wo?

be able liberally to gratify their Patrofts. And

this Means all who ferved the King were fumift

with Suits enough to make their Fortunes, in wk

They prefently engaged themfelves with very'tn

blefoipe Importunity to the King himfelf, and to^

others who They thought had Cfedit or Power to ;

vance their Defires. Nor was there any other An

much ufed by the Commiflioners in their fecret G

ferences, as to deprave one another, and to difco

the ill Aftions They had been guilty of, and how lii

They deferved to be trufted, or had Intereft to accc

plifli. The Lord Brogbill was the Man of the I

Parts, and had moft Friends by his great ADiana

promife for him. And He appeared very gencfc

and to be without the leaft Pretence to any Advant

for himfelf, and to be lb wholly devoted to the Kir

Intereft and to the eftablifliing of the Govemmem

the Church, that He quickly got himfelf beKe^

And having free Accels to the King, by mind

Apologies for what He had* done with Promiics

what He would do, and utterly renouncing all tl

Principles as to the Church or State ( as He mi

with a good Confcience do ) which made Men u

for Truft, He made himfelf fo acceptable to his 1

jefty, that He heard him willingly, becaufe He m

all Things eafy to be done and compaffed ; and g

fuch Aflurances to the Bedchamber Men, to help tf

to good Fortunes in Ireland^ which They had Rd

to defpair of in England^ that He wanted not tl

Teftimony upon all Occafions, nor their Defence

Vindication, when any Thing was rcflefted upor

his Difadvantage or Reproach.

^.Def^tia 2, There were many other Deputies of fev

>^^^ Clafles in Ireland^ who thought their Pretences tc

cIL^l^ as well grounded, as theirs who came from the St

There were yet feme Bilhops alive of that Kingd

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. hi

and other grave Divines, all ftript of their Dignities
and Eftates, which had been difpofed of by the ufurp*
ing Power to their Creatures. And all They ( ibme
whereof had fpent Time in Banifhment near the King^
and ochers more miierably in their own Country and
in JE^iand^ under the Charity of thoTe who for the moft
Part lived by the Charity of others) expcdcd, as They
well mighty to be reftored to what in Right belonged
to them ; and belbught his Majefty ^^ to ufe all pofli-
^ fale Expedition to eftablilh the Government cf that
^Church as it had always been, by fupplying the
"empty Sees with new Prelates in the Place of thofe
" who were dead, that all the Schifins and wild Fac-
" tions in Religion, which were fpread over that whote
*^ Kingdom, might be extirpatrd and rooted out.'*
All which Defu-es were grateful to the Xing, and ac-
cording to his Royal Intentions, and were not oppofed
by the Commiflioners from the State, who all pretend-
ed to be Wellwiihers to the old Government of the
Churcht and the more by the Experience They had o^
the Diftraftions which were introduced by that which
had fuccceded it, and by the Confufion They were now
in without any. Only Sir John Clotworthy ( who, hf
the Exercife of very ordinary Faculties in feveral Em-
pbyments, whiUl the Parliament retained the fupreme
Power in their Hands, had exceedingly improved
himielf in Understanding and Ability of Negotiation)
diflembled not hb dki Animolity againft the Bilhops,
the Crofs and the Surplice, and wiftied that ail might
be abolifhed; though He knew well that his Vote
would fignify Nothing towards it. And that Spirit of
his had been io long known, that it was now imputed
to Sincerity and Plaindealing, and that He would not
diflegible (which many others were known to do, who
had the fame Malignity with him) ; and was the lefs
ill thought of, becaufc in all other Rcfpcfts He was of
(fo)^ generous and a jovial Nature, and complied in all
Deiigns which might advance the King^s Intereft or
Service.

3. There

112 ^he Continuation of the Life of

^.jiCmmt' 3. There appeared likewife a.Committee deputed
t!l Admt^ by the Jdventurers to folicit their Right, which was
len. ' the more numerous by the Company of many Alder-
men and Citizens of the beft Quality, and many honeft
Gentlemen of the Country ; who all defired " rfiat
** their Right might not be difturbed, which had been
" fettled by an Aft of Parliament ratified by the laft
" King before the Troubles ; and that if it Ihould be
•* thought juft, that any of the Lands of which They
" flood poffefled Ihould be taken from them, upon
" what Tide foever, They might firft be put into the
" Poffeflion ' of other Lands of equal Value before
" They fhould be difpoffeffed of what They had al-
AtAcmni " ready/* All that They made Claim to feemed to be
^tS5^' confirmed by an A6t of Parliament. The Cafe was
this : When the Rebellion firft brake out in Ireland^
the Parliament then fitting, and there being fo much
Money to be raifed and already raifed for the Payment
of and difbanding two Armies, and for the compofing
or compounding the Rebellion of Scotland^ where the
King was at that Time ; ic had been propounded,
** that the War of Ireland might be carried on at the
** Charges of particular Men, and lb all Impofition
^' upon the People might be prevented, if an Aft of
*' Parliament were pafled for the Satisfadion of all
" thofe who would advance Monies for the War, out
" of the Lands which (hould become forfeited.**

And this Propofition Being embraced, an Aft was
prepared to that Purpofe.; in which it was provided,
" that the forfeited Lands in Leinfter^ Munjler^ Conaugbt
" and UlJieTy Ihould be valued at fuch feveral Rates by
•* the Acre, and how many Acres in either (hould be
*' afligned for the Satisfaftion of one hundred Pounds,
** and fo proportionally for greater Sums. That for
"all Monies which Ihould be fubfcribed within fo
*' many Days ( beyond which Time there fhould be no
" more Subfcriptions ) for that Service, one Moiety
" thereof Ihould be paid to the Treafurer appointed,
** within few Days, for the prefcnt Preparations ; and

"the

€€i

Edward Earl e?/ Clarendon, Sfr. 113

." the other Moiety be paid within fix Months, upon
" the Penalty of lofing all Benefit from the firft Pay-
" ment. That when God ftiould fo blefs their Armies
^ (which They doubted not of) that the Rebels fliould
** be lb near reduced, that They fhould be without
•* any Army or vifible Power to fiipport their RebeU
^lion; there ihould a Commifilon ifiue out, under
*' the Great Seal of England^ to fuch Perfons as ihould
^ be nominated by the Parliament, who fliould take
" the beft Way They could in their Difcretion think
fit, to be informed whether the Rebels were totally
fubdued, and fo the Rebellion at an End. And up-
^on their Declaration that the Work was fully done,
^and the War finiflied, other Commiflions fliould
^ likewife ifllie out, in the fame Manner, for the con«
^ viAing and att^nting all thofe who were guilty of
^ the Treafon and Rebellion by which their Eilatea
^ were become forfeited ; and then other Commif^
^£ons, for the Diftribution of the fofeited Lands to
^ the feveral Adventurers^ according to the Sums of
•* Money advanced by them. The King was to bp
•* reftrained from making any Peace with the Irijh Re-
^^ bels, or Ceflation, or from granting Pardon to any
" of them ; but fuch Peace, Ceflation, or Pardon
^ fliould be looked upon as void and nuU.^

Th I s Adt the King had confented to and confirm^
ed in the Year 1641, and in the Agony of manjT
Troubles which that Rebellion had brought upon him»
thinking it the only Means to put a fpeedy End to that
iccuried Rebellion, the Supprefldon whereof woukl
free him from many Difficulties. And upon the Se*
curity of this A6b, very many Perfons of all Qualities
(fi)and AffefUons fubfcribed and brought in the firit"
Moiety of their Money, and were very properly ftyled
Ahenturers. Great Sums of Money were daily brought
in, and Preparations and Provifions and new Levies
of Men were made for Ireland. But the Rebellion in
England being fliortly after fomented by the Parlia-
ment, They applied very much of that Money brought
Vol. II. I in

J 14 ^^ Continuation of the Life of

in by the Adnjenturers^ and many of the Troops whicli
had been raifed for that Service, immediately againft
'the King : Which being notorioufly known, and his
•Majefty complaining of it, many honcft Gentlemen
who had fubicribed and paid one Moiety, refufcd to
-pay in the other Moiety at the Time, and fo were
liable to lofe the Benefit of their Adventure ; wWck
They preferred before fufFering their Money to be ap-
plied to the carrying on the Rebellion againft the
King, which They abhorred. Arid by this Means
Ireland was unfupplied ; and the Rebellion fprcad anci
■prolpered with little Oppofition for fome Time. And
the Parliament, though the Time for fubfcribir^g was
expired, enlarged it by Ordinances of their own to a
longer Day, and eafily prevailed with many of their
bwn Party, principally Officers and Citizens, to ftili-
icribe and bring in their Money ; to which it was no
imall Encouragement, that fo many had loft the Bc-
;nefit of their whole Adventure by not paying in the
fccond Payment,- which would make the Conditions
'i>f the new Adventurers the lefs hazardous.

Wh e n the Succefs of the Parliament had totally
fubdued the King's Arms, and himfclf was fo inhu-
manly murdered, neither the Forces in Ireland under
the King's Authority, or the Irijlj^ who had too late
promifed to fubmit to it, could make any long Re-
liftance -, fo that Cromwell quickly difperfed them by
his own Expedition thither : And by liccnfing as ma-
ny as defiroi it to tranfport as many from thence, for
the Service of the two Crowns of France and Spirin^ as
They would contra6k for, quickly made a Dilappear-
toce of any Army in that Kingdom to oppofc his Con-

Juefts. And after the Defeat of the King at WbrcefieTj
It feemed to all Men to be in as quiet a Poflelfion
of Ireland as of England^ and to be as much without
Enemies in the one as the other Kingdom ; as in a
fliort Time He had reduced Scotland to the fame Exi-
gent.

Sh(irt«

Edward E^r/ g/* Clarendon, &c. iij

Shohtlv after that Time, when Cromwell wa^
lovefted with the Office of Prote£tor, all thofe Coai-
miilions were ifTued out, and aU the Formality w2vb
ufed that was prefcribed by that A<^ for the Adfuen^
iwrers. Not only all the Irijb Nation ( very few. esr
cqpted) were found guilty of the Rebellion^ and ^ t9
luve forfeited all their Eftates ; but the Marquzs ^
prmand^ the Lord Inchiquiny and aU the Englijb Catho^
Ucks^ and whoibever had ferved the King, were declur
ed to be under the fame Guilt ; and the Lands iei-ze4
;upon for the Benefit of the State, There were yeiy
^^ Arrears of JPay due to the Army, a great Pprt of
which (now the War was ended) mud be diA>aivled(
for the doing whereof no Money was, to be expede^l
.out of England^ but They mufl be fausfied out c^. tj^
Forfeitures of the other Kingdoms. The whole J^qg-
dom was adaneafured^ the Accovmts of the ^oegr
paid bjr the MvqUurtri within t^qTime limited, m^
what was due to tjj^ Army for <iieir Pay, were ftaw4.i
andiuch Pr<^jptioiis of Acres in the feveralProvinGi^
we;re affigned XiOi the Mvenlurers and Officers aifii^f^
diersy as were s^epable to the Ad of Parliament, jbf
Admeafurement. Where an O^c^ of Name h^
^cn Jikewile. 90 .^^^;i/i^r^, hi^ Adventure and Pay
jHnpuafied tp the mpr^. And fometion^s the whjO^
CocpfkaRj and J^giment contrafbed for Mon€;y mtjfi
dudr Captains or* Colonels, and affigned their Interi^
ia Laod to them ^ and Pofleffion was accordingly .do-
(^]Uve<»d withoku^any RelpeA to any Tides by Law t^
ibnncr Settlements, or Xtefcents of any Periods fq^
eirpfj Wives or Children ; ^xfiept m fome veiy hyf
pji;%.who?e:^ Wifves had bee^i great Heirs af^
€^d not be. chai^ged with any Cni^e, fuch Brf)p9iir
<io<is Wiere aI^gf^d ^ were ratl^ ^reeable to' l^^k
fm^ ConvenieAC}f^» ;thfi^ to Juilice,and.the Rig^tji^

AW^ that evecKiBody might- wjth the mo»e.S«!«to
Wy «qjoy .that whifji was affigfl^d ^o him, They^i
mwi* Wa7.B)'^)ftvfe Jhe Cei)fent:9f «iany Wjhsif

I 2 own

Il6 ^be Cmtmuathn of the Life of

<wm Undoing- They found the utter Extirpation of
the Nation ( which They had intended ) to be in itfcff
▼eiy difficult, and to carry in it fomewhat of Horrour,
that made fbme Impre(fion upon the Stone-Hardnefs
of their own Hearts. After lb many Thoufands de-
ftroyed by the Plague which raged ^over the Kingdomi,
\/^ Fire, Sword, and Famine; and after fb nuuiy
Tlioufands tranfported into foreign Parts ; there re-
mained ftill fuch a numerous People, that They knew
not how to difpofe of: And though They were de-
clared to be ail forfeited, and fb to have no Title to
any Thing, yet They mull remain fomewhere. They
therefore found this Expedient, which They called an
ASl of Grace. There was a large Traflrof Land, even '
to the Half of the Province xAConaughtj that was: fe^
parated from the reft by a long and a large River,
and which by the Plague and nuny Maflacres remained
^ybnoft defolate. Into this Space and Circuit of Land
They required all the Irijh to retire by fuch a Day,
^hder the Penalty of Death ; and all who fhould after
that Time be found in any other Part of the Kingdom^
Man, Woman, or Child, fhould- be- killed by anjf
Body who faw or met them. The Land within iSm
Circuit, the moft barren in the Kingdom, was out of
•the Grace and Mercy of the Conquerors affigned to
thofe of the Nation who were cnclofed, in fuch Yro^
portions as might with great Induflry prefervc their
Lives. And to thofe Perfons, • from whom They had
taken great Quantities of Land in other Provinces,
They affigned the greater Proportions within this- Pre*
cinft; fo that it tell to fome Meiis Lot, efpecially
•when They were accommodated with Houfes, to have
a competent Livelihood, though nevei* to the fifth Plart
bf what had been taken from them in a much better
Province. And that They might not be exalted with
this merciful Donative, it was a Condition that tc^
companied this their Accommodation, thatThey fluHild
«11 gives Relcafes of their former Rights and Titles to
the Land that was taken from them, 4h Confidciatioii
- -^ - - of

Edward Earl g/' Clarendon, &c. iiy

of what was now affigncd to them ; and fo They fliould
for ever bar thcmfclves and their Heirs from ever lay-,
ing Claim to their old Inheritance. What fhould They:
do ? They could not be permitted to go out of this
PrecinA to fliift for themlelves elfewhcrc % and with-
out this Affignation They muft ftarvc here, as many
did die every Day of Famine. In this deplorable Con-
dition, and under this Confternation, They found them*
felves obliged to accept or fubmit to the hardeft Con-
ditions of their Conquerors, and fo figned fuch Con-
vevaoces and Releafes as were prepared for them, that
They might enjoy tliofe Lands which belonged to
odicr Men.

And by this Means the Plantation (as They called
it] of Conaught was finifhed, and all the IriJI^ Nation
encloled within that Circuit ; the reft of Ireland beinec
Irft to the Engtijb ; fome to the old Lords and juft
Proprietors, who being all Prot eft ants (for no )Stman
CaiboUck was admitted ) had either never oflGrnded

' them, or had fcrved them, or had made Compofition
for their Delinquencies by the Benefit of fome Articles^
and £>me to the Adventurers and Soldiers. And a good
and great Part (as I remember, the whole Province of
fippirary) Cromwell hzd referved to himfelf, as aDe*-
meihe (as He called it) for the State, and in which no

HAdventurer or Soldier fhould demand hi$ Lot to be
afligned, and no Dobut intended both the State and
it for the making great his own Family- It cannot be
imagined ij^iow eafy a Method, and with what peace^
aUe FornuSty, this whole great Kingdom was taken
fix)m the juft Lords and Proprietors, and divided and
given amongft thofe, who had no other Right to it
but that They had Power to keep it ; no Men having
fo great Shares as Thqy who had been Inflruments to
murder the King, and were not like willingly to part - , .
with it to his SucceObr. Where any great Sums of
Money for Arms, Ammunition^ or any Merchandifc,
had been fo long due. that they were looked upon as
dcfperate, the Creditob ;fubfcribed all thofe Suins as

I 3 lent

ii8 ^Tbe ContinuatiM of the Life of

lent upon Adventure, and had their Satisfa6tion aflSgn-
cd to them as Athenturers. Ireland was the great Ca-
pital, out of which all Debts were paid, alTScrviccs
rewarded, and all Afts of Bounty performed. And
which is more wonderful, all this was done and fettled,
^"chin litde more than two Years, tp that Degree of
Pcrfeftion, that there were many Buildings raifed for
Beaut)- as well as Ufe, orderly and regular Plantations
of Trees, and Fences and Enclofures raifed through-
out the Kingdom, Purchaics made by one from the
other at very \'aluable Races, and Jointures made up-
on Marriages, and all other Conveyances and Settle-
ments executed, as in a Kingdom at Peace within io
felt, and where no Doubt could be made of the Va-
lidity of Titles. And yet in all this QUiet, there were
▼ery few Perlbns pleafed or contented.

And thefe Deputies for the AJhenturers^ and for
thofe who called themfehes Adventurers^ came not only
to aflc the King's Confent and Approbation of what
had been done (which They thought in Juflice He
could not deny, becaufe all had been done upon the
Warrant of a legal Acl of Parliament) but to com-
plain " that Jufbce had not been equally done in the
** Diftriburions ; that this Man had received much Ic6
•^ thin was his Due, and others as much more than
*' was their Due •, that one had had great Quantities
•^' of Bogs and wafre Land afligned to him as tenant-
•' able, and another as much allowed is Bbgs and
*' Wafte, which in Truth were very renazMbfeLaads.'*
A!!d upon the whole Matter, They a& dtfircd •*!
•* Review might be made, that Juftice mj^c be done
*' to iH ;" ever\- Man rapecnng an Additzon to what
He had already, no: f Jlpefting that any Thing would
be raker, from him to be reftorcd to the true Chracr.
jfc-ar ^i A X :> this Agicinon raifed another ftrty of Jtken-
Zj^^ turerr^ ifc-ho though: They hid at leaft as good a Ri^
•^- as inr of the other ; and that was,. TheT, or the Heics
and Executors of rhcm> who upon die fitft making rf
the Aft of FsrHmenr, had fiibfcribcd fbrerat good

Sums

Edward Earl ^Clareniton, &c. 119

Sums of Money, and paid in their firfl: Moieties ^ but
the Rebellion coming on, and the Monies already paid
in being notorioufly and vifihly employed contrary to
the Adtf and againft the Perfon of the King himfelf,
Thcv had put of Confcience forborne to pay thefe-
cood Moiety, left it might alfo be fo employed j
whereby, according to the Rigour of the Law, They
hk the Benefit of the firfl: Payment. And Tiiey had[
hitherto fuftained that Lofs, with many other, with-
out having ever applied themfelves for Relief *' But
" now when it had pleafed God to reftore the King,
** and {o many who had not defcrved very well defired
" Help from the King upon the Equity of that Aft of
*^ Parliament, where the Letter of the Law would do
" them no Good, They prefumed to. think, that by
** the Equity of the Law They ought to be fatisfied
" for ihe Money They did really pay ; and that They
" fhould not undergo any Damage for not paying the
** other Moiety, which out of Confcience and for his
**Majefty*s Service They had forborne to do/* No
Man will doubt but that the King was very well in-
-fffjclined to gratify this Clajfis of Adventurer s^ when He
Ifaould find it in his Power. But it is Time to return
«> the Committee and Deputies of the other Parties ia
ijiat difbadted Kingdom.

4. T H K R E was a Committee fent from the Army ^.AOmmat-
that was in prefent Pay in Ireland "for the Arrears '^;^'^
** due to them," which was for above a Year's Pay \
moft of thofc who had received Satisfadion in Land
for what was' then due to them, as well Officers as Sol-
diers, bemg then difbanded, that They might attend
their Plantations and Hufbandry, but in Truth becaufe
They were for the molt Part of the Prefby terian Fac-
tion, and fo fufpeftcd by Cromwell not to be enough
inclined to him, Tlie Army now on Foot, and to
whom fo great Arrears were due, confifted for the

Seatcft Part of Jndependants^ Anabaptifis^ and I^eveU
i, whp had correfponded with and been direfted by
the General, when He marched from Scotland againli

Lam-

220 ^tbe Cmtinuation of the Life of

Zanibert: And therefore He had advifed the King to
declare, " that He would pay all Arrears due to the
^ Army in Ireland^ and raufy the Satisiadion that had
**been given to Adventurers^ Officers and Soldiers
•'there-,'* which his Majefty had accordingly fignified
by his Declaration from Breda. And whoever confi«
dcrs the Temper and Conftitution of that Army then
on Foot in that Kingdom, and the Body of Prejbyte^
rians that had been difbanded, and remained (till there
in their Habitations, together with the Body oiAioef^
turers^ all Prejbyterians or Anabaptifis ; and at the fame
Time remembers theDifpofition and general Affeftioa
of the Army in England^ fevered from their Obedi-
ence to the General and the good Affcftion of fomc
few fuperiour Officers ; will not wonder that the King
endeavoured, if it had been poffible, rather to pleale
all, than by any unfeafbnable Difcovery of a Refblu*
tion, how juft foever, to make any Party defperate j
there being none fb inconfiderable, as not to have been
able to do much Mifchief.
s.4Cm>at^ 5. Th E Satisfaction that the Officers and Soldiers
SsSTwi ^^ received in Land, and the Demand of the prefent
Mfirtmi Army, had caufed another Committee to be fent and
^^^' employed by thofe reformed Officers, who had ferved
the King under the Command of the Marquis of Or^
mondy from the Beginning of the Rebellion to the End
thereof, wiith Courage and Fidelity; and had fincc
fliiftcd beyond the Seas, and fome of them in his Ma-
jeft/s Service, or fufFcred p>atiently in that Kingdom
under the Infolepce of their Oppreffofs ; who, be-
caufc They had always fought againft the Irijby were
by Articles, upon the laying down their Arms when
They could no longer hold them in their Hands, per-
mitted to remain in their own Houfes, or fuch as
They could get within that Kingdom. Thefc Gen-
tlemen thought it a very incongruous Thing, *' that
^* They, who had conftantly fought againft the King's
** Father and himfelf, ihould receive their Pay and
^* Reward by his Majefty's Care, Bounty and Afl[i|;na-

*'doni

Edward £jr/ ^ Ct arendon^ &c. 121

•* tkm ; and that They who had as conftantly fought
^ for Both^ fhould be left to undergo all Want and
••Mifery now his Majefty was reftored to his own.**
And They believed their Suit to be the more reafon-
aUe, at leaft the eafier to be granted, by having
broiwht an Expedient with them to facilitate their Sa-
tisfii&on. There had been fome old Order or Ordi-
nance that was looked upon as a Law, whereby it
was provided, that all Houies within Cities or Cor*
porate Towns, which were forfeited, fhould be refcrv-
ed to be ipecudly difpofed of by the State, or in fuch
a Manner as it fliould direA, to the End that all Care
might be taken what Manner of Men ihould be the
Inhabitants of fuch important Places : And therefore
ftich Houies had not been nor were to be promifcu-
oufly afligned to Adventurers^ Officers, or Soldiers, and

Wfo remained hitherto undiipofed of. And thefe reform-
ed Officers of the King made it their Suit, that thoie
Houfes might be afligned to them in Proportions, ac-
cording to what might appear to be due to their feve-
ral Conditions and Degrees in Command. And to
this Petition, which might feem equitable in itfelf^
the Commiflloners from the State gave their full Ap-
probation and Confent, being ready to take all the
Opportunities to ingratiate themfelves towards thofe
whom They had opprefled as long as They were able,
and to be reputed to love the King's Party.

6. Last LY, there was a Committee for or rather s.ACmimk'
the whole Body of the Irifo CatbolickSj who, with lefs r^^^^,
Modefty than was fuitable to their Condition, demand- tfaoUcks.
ed in Juftice to be reftored to all the Lands that had
been taken fiom them ; alleging " that They were all
^' at leaft as innocent as any of them were, to whom
** their Lands had been afligned.** They urged " their
•* early SubmiflSon to the King, and the Peace They
^had firft made with the Marquis of Ormonde by
*' which an Aft of Indemnity had been granted for
•• what Offences foever had been committed, except
f ^ fuch in which none of them were concerned/' They

urged.

"^cigxl, '^ cut ftx^ — i«? ^^*^ ziaoL Tii::^: tie 2»£2r-

« ^rfoot ?^:«jii-,x ji ii^r»art or nirrcii taezi, out

•* cicVT K^Aia hid occii-*' 1 wtj — -g^ - rii ^^
•* vikot TocT ud iiva* o cit Jibing \g:yx;^ tic Sc2S,
^ CuSj-r^r/^ tea arsr;i7i rt:id7 S) cccj 2iis C-^maarwis,
** ar^^ CJf ed ia or itfi trzsut or J r j^t «s i^ ^iajefty
•* ioA ijAntn^titd ir^rri^ skad -err for lic la^ two
^ Y^.^% rrxivei ar«d iliiei «s 3^ gvti Tnx>is, acd
^ in r*i* own acxjai Scrrict, uadcr tie Duke ot i Vi."
Tr^cy preiled ** ths inuiicnbk Tyranny Tiicy had
^ iufitrtd under, now aloioit rvury Years ^ tke Ma£>
^ iacrtft and Scm-icudc The)- had uruiexgooe, iiich De-
^ vaftation and laying waile their Counrrv, fuch bloody
^Cruelty and Execatkms inflicted on them, as had
^ never been known nor could be paralleled amongft
^^ Chriitians : That their Nation almoil was become
^^ dcfolatcd, and their Sufierings of all Kinds had been
^^ CO fuch an Extent, that They hoped had fatiated
** their moft implacable Enemies.* And therefore
They humbly befought his Majefly, " that in this
"general Joy for his Majefly's blefled Reftoration,
** and in which Nobody could rejoice more than They,
" when all his M^cfty** Subjefts of his two other
** Kingdoms Twhereof many were not more innocent
•* than thcmfelves; had iheir Mouibs filled with Laugb^
** Ur^ an<l had all their Hearts could defire, the poor
** Jrijh alope might not be condemned to perpetual
** Wccrping and Mifery by his Majefly's own imme-
" (iiatc Ad." . Amon^ thefe, with th^ fame Con^
hdcruc, They who had been tranfplanted into Cen*
" AHfrljt :ipj)earcd, related the Circumftances of the Per-
^Mci;iuion :rhcy Jiad undcrgpa?, aud «,hfl»r. imppOi-.

**blc

%i

Idward Barl of CLAit^vtvon, &c. 123

had been for them to refufe their ^ubmiflion
t They had no Power to refift ; and therefore
: would be agamfl: all Confciencc to allege
3wn Confent, and their Rcleafes and other
I, which had They not confemed to in that
of Time, They, their Wives and Children,
not have lived four and twenty Hours." All
atiailars were great Motives to Compaflion,
ofed his Majefty's Heart to wijflbi that any Ex-
might be found, which might confift with
Od neceflary Policy, that though it might not
em very happy, yet might preferve them from
until He mould hereSter find fome Oppor-
) repair their Condition according to their fe-
rgrees and Merit.

iSB feveral Addrefles being prefcnted to his7^^«r
together, before any Thing was vet fettled inf^^^B
and every Party of them finding rome Friends, 'jffi ^^^
d the King's Ears with ipecioUs Difcourfes on j^^
half for whom They Ipake, and with bitter
re againft all the reft; He was almoft con-
how to begin, and in what Method to put
nination of all their Pretences, that He might
to take fuch a View of them, as to be able to
ime Remedy, that might keep the Difeafe
jreafing and growing woric, until He could
ic Cure. He had no Mind the Parliament
iterpofe and meddle in it, which would have
ateful to no Party ; and by good Fortune
ire fo full of Bufinefs that They thought con-
:hem nearer, that They had no Mind to exa-
take Cognizance of this of Ireland^ which
*U knew properly depended upon the King's
^al Pleafure and Commands. But thefe Ad-
here all of fo contradiftory a Nature, fo incon-
idx each other, and fo impoflible to be recon-
lat if all Ireland could be fold at its full Value
if Kingdoms could be valued at a juft Rate)
^ fit Chapman or Purchafer to dilburfe the

Sum,

1 24 ^Tbe .Continuation^ of the Life of., ^ •

Sum, it could not yield Half enough to ^tisfy Half
their Demands; and yet the King was not in a Con-
dition pofitively to deny any one Party that which They
defired

Th e Commiffioners from the State, in Relpeft of
their Quality, Parts and Intereft, and in Regard of
their Million and Authority, feemed the moft proper
Peribns to be treated with, and the moft like to be
prevailed upon not to infift upon any Thing that was
moft profoundly unrealbnable. They had all their own
juft Fears, if the King ihould be fevere ; and there
would have been a general Concurrence in all the reft^
.that He fhould have taken a full Vengeance iipon
them : But then They who had moft Caule to fear,
thought They might r^ their Hopes higheft fix>m
that Power that fcnt thcm^ and which had yet Intcreft
enough to do Good and Hurt ; and They thought
themfelves fecure in the King;'s Declaration from
Breddy and his Offer of Indemnity, which comprehend-
ed them. Then They were all defirous to merit ixoici
the King ; and their not loving one another, diipofed
them the more to do any Thing that might be grate-
ful to his Majefty* But They were all united and
agreed in one unhappy Extreme, that made all their
other Devotion lefs applicable to the publick Peace,
that is, their implacable Malice to the Irijb: Info-
much as They concurred in their Defire, that They
might gain Nothing by the King's Return, but be
kept with the fame Rigour, and under the fame In-
capacity to do Hurt, which They were tiU then.
For which Inftance They were not totally without
Reafon, from their barbarous Behavbur in the firft
Beginning of the Rebellion, which could not be deni-
ed, and rrom their having been compelled to fubmit
to and undergo the moft barbarous Servitude, that
could not be forgotten. And though Eradication was
too foul a Word to be uttered in the Ears of a Chriftian
Prince, yet it was little lefs or better that They propo-
fed iu other Words, and hoped to obtain ; Whereas

* * * the

Edwarit JS^r/ i/* Clarendon, Gfr. I2j;

the King thought that miferable People to be as wor-
thy of his Favour, as moft of the other Parties j and
that his Honour, Juftice and Policy, as far as they
were reftrained by Laws and Contrafts, obliged
him more to prcferve them, at leaft as much as He
could. And yet it can hardly be believed, how few
Men, in aB other Pomts very reafonable, and who
were, fkr from Cruelty m their Nature, cheriflied that
lfr}lAdinatipn in the King; but thought it in him, and
more in his Brother, to proceed from other Reafons
thaii THey publiihed : Whilft others, who pretended
to be only nioved by Chriflian Charity and Compail
fion, were more cniel towards them, and made thent
more miferable, by eirtorting great Engagements from
them for their Prot^dlion and Interdeffion, which bc^
ing performed would leave them in as forlorn a Con*
didon as They were fourtd;

Ik this Intricacy and Peiplexity, the King thought
it necefiary to begin with fettling his own Authority in
one Perfon over that Kingdom, who fhould mafcife
Hafte thither, and eftabKfh fuch a Council there, and
all Courts of Juftrce, and other civil Officers, as might
beft contribute towards bringing the reft in Order.
And to this Purpofe He made Choice of feveral Per-
fons of the Robe, who had been known by or recom-
mended to the Marquis of Ormonde but of more by
the Advice and Promotion of Daniel 0 Neile of his
Bedchamber, who preferred a Friend of his and an
Irijbmanxo the Office of Attorney General, a Place in
that Conjunftureof vaft Importance to the Setdement,
and many other to be Judges. And all this Lift was
made andfettled without the leaft Communication with
the Chancellor, who might have been prefumed to be
cafily if^rmedof that Rank of Men. But to find a
Perfon fit to fend thither in the fupreme Authority,
was long deliberated by the King, and with Difficulty
to be rcfoived. The General continued Lord Lieutc^ ructmrd
nant of Ireland^ which He had no Mind to quit, forJSJJS^
He had a great Eftatc ihere, having for fome Time

been

fZ^ Tie ConttnuaifQn of the Lifi (f

been GeiicriU of that Ann^, and xeceived for the Ar-
rears jc£ his Pay, and by Cromwell's Bounty^ and by
fome PuFchafes He made of the Soldiers^ an Eftate c^
at \ea& four thoufand Pounds per Amum^ which H^
thought He <x>uld belt prcferve in the fupreme Go:
vernment ; though He was wUJing to have it believed
in the City and the Army, that He retained it only
for the Good of the Aivenfunrs^ and that the Soldien
might be juftjy dealt with for their Arrears. What-
soever his l^eafon was, as Profit was the higheft Rea-
f^n ^ways with him, whoever was to be Deputy muft
be fubordinate to him, which no Man of the greateft
Quality would be, though He was to have jiif Com-
miflion from the King, and |che fame JuriididUon in
xbe Abfence of the Lieutenant* There were Xon>e &w
M for the Employment, who were nQt wiUiqg u> un-
dertake it -, and many who were willing to undertake
if^ but were not fit. ;

U p o N the View of thpfe x>f all Sorts^ the King
4noft inclined to the Lord RobertSy who was ^ Man of
t»ore than ordinary Pacts, well verfed in the Know-
ledge of the Laws, and efteemed of Integrity not 19
Jbe corrupted by Money. But then He was a fuilea
morofe Man, intolerably proud, and had f9qne Hu-
mours as inconvenient as imall Vices, wh^qh xaade
{lim hard^ live with, and'which were afterwards more
jdifcovered than at that Time foi:efeen. He had beea
isk the Beginning of the Rebellion a leading Man in
jtheir Councils, and a great Officer in their Annyj
ivherein He expreffed no Want of Cpurag^;; But raf-
ter the Defeat of the Earl of Efex his Arxnyia^iorfimd^
which was imputed to his Pofitivenefs and .Uji^dertak-
ing for his CouDty, the Friendfhip between him an^
Clmt Earl w|$ broken. And from that Tii» Hcrdid
^t only quit his Command in the Axfny, bupdfsdiiDe^
their Councils, and remained for the mcft fart in thr
: t : *. Country; where He cenfured their Proceedings, and
,' had his Converfaton mod with thofe who were koowa
%o wiib well to. the £ung» and w^ £ave hifn a grp9
- -... ^ " ' tefti^

Edward Eari vf Clarendon, ^c. t^Jr

TrfKtnony, as if He would be glad to fcnrc his Ma-
jefty -upon the firft Opportunity. The Truth is, the
Wickcdnefs of the fucceeding Time was fo much fu-
pcriodr and ovcrfhadowed all that had been done be-

(a)R)re, that They who liad only been in Rebellion with
the Eirl ofEffhCj looked upon themfelvcs as innocent,
and Jnftified their own Allegiance, by loading the Mc-
inorycf'Cromweli with all the Reproaches and Malc-
diftk>ns imaginable. The greateft ETCq)mn that the
Eng had to the Lord Roberts^ who Was already of the
Frivy Council by the Recommendation and Inftance qf
the General, was, that He was generally efteemed a •
Pr^teriany which would make him unfit for that
Truft far many Reafons -, befides that He would not
diecrfufly aft the King's Part in reftoring and advanc-
ing the Government of the Church, which the King
was rcfolvcd to fettle with all the Advantages which
He coidd contribute towards it. Nor did the Lord
Roberts profefs to be an Enemv to Epifcopacy.

Before the King would malce any pubhck Declara-
tion of his Purpofe He fent the Lord Treafurer and th[e
Chanccllar, who were moft acquainted with him,'to con-
fcrfrecljrwrth him,and to let him know the good Efteem
his Majcfty had of him, and of his Abilities to ferve
him. ** That the Government of Ireland would require
* a very fteady and a prudent Man : That the General
•* did not' intend to go into that Kingdom, and yet

' ** wpuld TieTnain Lieutenant thereof, from which Office
" his Wqcfly knew not how nor thought it feafonable
**to remote him, and therefore that the Place muft
*• befapplied by a Deputy •, for which Offic^e the King
** thought him the moft fit, if it were not for one Ob-
•* je6tion, which He had given them Leave to inforgi
**him of particularly, there being but one Perfon
•* more pnvy' to his Majefty's Purpofe, who was the
*• Marquis of Ormond-, and that He might conclude,
•* that the King was defirous to receive Satisfaftion to
•* his Objeftion, by the Way He took to communi-
liJcate it to hita^^t And then They told him, "that

"He

12^ The Ctmtinuation of the Life of

" He had the Reputation of being a Prefiyterian^ and
^^ that his Majefty would take his own Word, whether
/' He was or was not one."

H E anfwcred without any Kind of Ceremony^ to
^^ which He was not devoted, or fo much as acknow*
ledgins the King's Favour in his Enquiry, ^^That no
'^^Prefiyterian thought him to be a Prejhyterum^ or
**that He loved their Partv. He knew them too
^< well. That there could be no Reafbn to fulped
*< him to be fuch, but that which might rather induce
*^ Men to believe him to be a good Proteftantj dut He
^' went conftantly to Church as well in the Afternoons
^^ as Forenoons on the Sundays^ and on thofe Days for-
^* bore to ufe thofe £xercife$ and Recreations, which
"He ufed to do aU the Week beHdes.- He defu^
them ^^ to affure the King, that He was fb far from
•* a Prejlyieriany that He believed Epifcopacy to be
*' the beft Government the Church could be fubjed
^* to." They aflced him then, " whether He would
** be willing to receive thatGovernmentof Deputy of
*' Ireland^ if the King were willing to confer it Upon
" him." There He let himfelf to fall to an Acknow-
ledgment of the King's Goodncfs, " that He thought
*' him worthy of fo great an Honour :" But He could
not conceal the Difdain He had of the General's Per-
fon, nor how unwilling He was to receive Orders
from him, or to be an Officer under his Command.
They told him, " that there would be a Neccfliqr of
*^ a good Correfpondence between them, both whilft
**They flayed together in Englandy and when He
*' fhould be in Ireland ; but beyond that there would
^' be no Obligation upon him, for that He was to re-
" ceive his CommifTion immediately from the King^
** containing as ample Powers as were in the Lieutc-
** nant's own CommifTion : That He was not the Lieu*
" tenant's Deputy, but the Kings •, only that his Com*
** milTion cealed when the Lieutenant fliould be upon
" the Place, which He was never like to be." UpoDP
the whole Matter, though it appeared that the Sujpe*

rionty

Edward Eafl of Clarendon, &c. 129

riofity was a great Mortification to him. He faid,
" that He referred himfelf wholly to the King to be
^'difpofed of as He thought bcft for his Service, and ,
" that He would behave himfelf with all polTible Fi- .
"dclity tohim/'

Upon this Report made to the King, (hortly after, Ztr^/RoUits
his Majcfty in Council declared, "that He had madeJ^eSS:^
" the Lord Roberts Deputy of Ir elands* and then charg-
ed him, " that He would prepare as foon as was poffi-
*• blc' for his Journey thither, when thofe Officers,
•* who were defigned by him for the civil Juftice of
^ the Kingdom, fhould be ready to attend upon him \
" and in the mean Time that He would fend the Com-
** mimoners, and all others who folicited any Thing
** that had Reference to Ireland^ to wait upon him, to
" the End, that He being well informed of the Na-
" ture and Confiftency of the fcveral Pretences, and
" of the general State of the Kingdom, might be the
"better able to advife his Majefty upon the whole
" Matter, and to prelcribe, for the entering upon it
"by Parts, luch a Method, that his Majelty might
" with lefs Perplexity give his own Determination in
" thofe Particulars, which muft chiefly depend upQn
" himfelf and his DircAion/* Thus the King gave
himfelf a little Eafc, by referring the Grofs to the
Lord Deputy, in whofe Hands we Ihall for the prcfen^
leave it, that We may take a View of the other Par-
ticulars that more immediately related to England \
though We (hall be fhortly called back again to Ire-
land^ which enjoyed little Repofe in the Hands in
which it was put.

The Parliament fpent moft of the Time upon the?''«!^'*»
Aot of Indemnity^ in which private PafTion* and hni-^U^ngtU
mofities prevailed very far-, one Man contending to^^^^**-
preferve this Man, who, though amongft the fouleft
Offenders, had done him fome Courtefy in the Time
of his Power ; and another with as much Paflion and
Bitterncls endeavouring to have another condemned,
who couid not be diftinguilhed from the whole Herd

Vol. IL K by

13d ^be Continuation of the Life of

by any infamous Guilt, and who h*d.difoblig«d him,
or refufcd to oblige him, when it was in his Power to
have done it. The King had pofitivcly excepted none
from Pardon, becaufe He was to refer the Whole to
them 5 but had clearly enough exprefled, that He pre-
fumed that They would not fuflFer any of thofe who
had fate as Judges upon his Father, and condemned
him to be mUrdered, to remaih alive. And the guilty
Perfons themfelvf s made fo little Doubt of it, that
They made what Shift They could to make their Ef-
cape into the Parts beyond the Seas ; and many of
them had tranfported themfelves, whilft others lay
concealed for other Opportunities •, and fome were ap*
prehended when They endeavoured to fly, and fo were
imprifoned.

T H E Parliament publiflied a ProclamaticMi, ** that
** all who did not render themfelves by a Day named,
*• (hould be judged as guilty, and attainted of Trca-
** fon ;" which many confented to, conceiving it to
amount to no more than a commoa Procefs at Law to
bring Men to Juftice. But it was no Iboner out, than
all They who had concealed themfelves in Order to be
tranfported, rendered themfelves to the Speaker of the
Houfc of Commons, and were by him committed to
the Tower, And the Houfe conceived itfclf engaged
to fave thofe Mens Lives, who had put themfelves
into their Power upon that Prefumption. The Houfc
of Peers inlifted upon it in many Conferences, that
the Proclamation could bear no fuch Interpretation j
but as it condemned all who by flying declined the
Juftice of the Kingdom, fo it admitted as many as
would appear to plead their own Innocence, which if
They could prove They would be fafe. But the guilty,
. . and with them the Houfc of Commons, declared,
" that They could not but underftand, that They who
" rendered themfelves (hould be in a better Condition f7c
•* than They who fled beyond the Seas, which They
" were not in any Degree, if They were put upon
" their Trial 5 for to be tried and to be condemned

"was

Edward Earl of Ct AREMfiroN, 6?f. 131;

•*was the raixic Thing, lince the Guilt of all was
" equally notorious and manifeft.*' And this Kind of
Reining prevailed upon the Judgments and Undcr-
fiandiffgs of many, who had all Manner of Detefta-
tion for the Peribns of the Men. In the End, th6
Hdufe of Peers after long Contefts was obliged to con-
fcnt, •* that aH the Perfons who were fled, and thoft
** who had not rendered themfelves, (hould be brought
** to a Trial aiid attainted according to Law, together
* With thofe who were or (hould be taken /* Whereby
They WOtild forfeit all their Eftates t6 the King : ** But
"for thofe who had rendered themfelves upon the Faith
" of the Parliarftent,** as They called it, " They (hould
** feinaih in fuch Prifons as his Majefty thought fit
" during their Lives, and neither of them be put to
"Death without Confent of Parliament/'

But then as by this Means too many of thoffe ini-
pious Pcffons remained alite, and f(^me others Svho
were as bad as any, were upon fome Teftimony of th6
Gehefat, and by other Interpofitions of Friends upon
the Allegation* of Merit artd Services, preferved, with
the King's Confeht too eafily obtaihtcd, fo much ais
from Attainder; fo to make fome Kind of Amends
for this unhappy Lenity, They refolved to except a
Multitude of thofe They were moft angry with rroih
Pardon as to their Eftates, and to fine others in great
Sums of Money ; when worfe Men, at leaft a's bad,
of cither Claffis were exempted, as included, by the
Power of tlieir t^riends who were prefent in the Debate.
And this Cohtradiftion and Faftion brought fuch a
Spint into fhe Houfe, as difturbed all other Counfels ;
whilft Men, who wi(hed well enough to the Matter
propo(ed, oppofed^the pafTmg it, to crofs other Men
who had refufed to agree with them in the pardoning
or not pardoning of Perfons : Which DifTcnticn divi-
ded the Houfe into great Ahimofities. And without
Doubt, the King's Credit and Authority was at that
Time fo great in the Houfe of Commons, that He
could have taken full Vengeance upon rftany of thofe

K 2 with

132 l%e Continuation of the Life of

with whom He had Rcafon to be ofiended, by cauHng
them to be exempted from Pirdon, or cxpofed to fomc
Damaec of Eftate, And there wanted not many, who
ufed aS the Credit They had, to inflame the King to
that Retaliation and Revenge.

And it was then and more afterwards imputed to
the Chancellor, that there were no more Ezceptiohs in
the A£l of Indemnity y and that He laboured forE)cpc-
dition of pafling it, and for excluding any extraordi-
nary Exceptions ; which Reproach He neither then,
or ever after, was folrcitous to throw off. But his Au-
thority and Credit, though He at that Time was ge-
nerally efteemed, could not have prevailed in that Par..
ticular (whereih there were few Men without fomc
Temptation to Anger and Indignation, and none more
than He, who had undergone Injuries and Indignities
• from many Men then alive) but that it was very evi-
dent to the Kii>g himfelf, and to all difpaffioned Men, '
that no Perfon was fo much concerned, though all
were enough, that there fhould be no longer Delay ia
rhejGniam'^ pafl^ng the A£l of Indemnity y as the King himfelf was j
^^tfMiv xhtvt being no Progrefs made in any other Bulinels,
}^gl, by the Diforder and ill Humour that grew out of
that. There was no Attempt to be made towards dif-
banding the Army, until the AS of Indemnity (hould
be firft paffed ; nor could They begin to pay off the
Navy, till They were ready to pay off the Arrears of
the Army. This was the Remora in all the Counfels j
whilft there wanted not thofe, who infufed Jealoufies
into the Minds of the Soldiers, and into the City,
" that the King had no Purpofe ever to confent to the
" A3 of Indemnity^** which was looked upon as the only
universal Security for the Peace of the Nation : And^?'
till th^t vras done, no Man could fay that He dwelt at
Home, nor the King think himfelf in any good Pof-
ture of Security. And therefore no Man was more
impatient, and more inftant in Council and Parlia-
ment, to remove all Caufes which obftrufted that
Work, than the Chancellor. And He put the King

in

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 133

in Mind, ** how much He had oppofed fome Claufes
**and Ezpreflions which were in me Declaration and
"Letters from Breda^^ which notwithftanding were
inferted, as moft agreeable to the General*s Advice ; -
and that He then faid to his Majefty, in the Prefence
of thofe who were confultcd with, " that it would
"come to his Turn to infift upon the Performance of
^thofe Conceflions, which He was againfl the ma-
rking of, when many others would oppofe them,
•* which may-be at that prefent would advife much
"lai]ger:'* Which his Majefty acknowledged to be
true, and confefTed upon many Occafions. And the
Chancellor did in Truth conceive, that the King's
uking Advantage of the good Inclinations of the
Houfe to him, to difpofe them to fall upon many Per-
fons, who were Men of another Clajfu to thofe He
defired might be excepted ( and of which Profped
there could be no End, every Man having Caufe to
fear his own Security by what He faw his Neighbour
fuSer who was as innocent) was dire£tly contrary to
the Senfe and Integrity of his Declaration, and there-
fere to be avoided ; and that all Things were to be
done by him that might facilitate and advance the dif-
banding, that fo the Peace of the Kingdom might
tt;ain depend upon the civil Juflice and Magillrates
t&reof. And all Men who underllood in how tick-
liih a Condition it then ftood, concurred in that Ad-
vice,

And this was the Reafon that the King ufed his Heinterfofet
Authority, and They who were trufted by him their '^J^^'^^
Credit and Intereft, for the fupprefling thofe Animo-
fities, which had irreconciled many Perfons between
themfelves who were of publick AfFcftions, by the
Nominadon of particular Perlbns whofe Eftates (hould
be made liable to Penalties, the impofing of which
mull again depend upon the Parliament ; which, be-
fides the Confumption of Time which was very pre-
cious, would renew and continue the fame Spirit of
Divifion, which already had done too much Mifchief,

K3 a:i

134 ^i>^ Cgntinuatum of the Life qf

and would inevitably have done much more. But by
this Temper and Compofition the AH of Indemnity was
^*^«'' finifhed, paffed the Houfc of Peers, and received thfe
^'^ Royal Auent, to the wonderful Joy of the People.
And prelent Orders were given for the difbanding the
4rniy and Payment of the Navy, as fall as Money
came in, for which feveral Afts of Parliament were for-
merly paffed. And by the former Delays, the intole-
rable Burden both of Army and Navy lay ijpon the.
Kingdom near fbt Months after the king's Retumj
and amounted not to fo little as one hundred thoufana
Pounds by the Month j which raifed a vaft D^ebt that
was called the King's, who had inceffantly delired
to have it prevented from the firft Hour of his
Arrival.

After the Bill of Indemnity was paffed, with fomc
other as important A6ts for the publick Peace, (as the
preferving thofe Proceedings, which had been in Courts
of Juftice for near twenty Years,from being ravelled into
again as void or invalid, becaufe they had been before
Judges not legally qualified, which would have brought
an intolerable Burden upon the Subjeftj and fome
other Afts) the Parliament was willing to adjourn for
fome Time -, that their Members, who were appointed
to attend the difbanding the Army in feveral Places,
and the Payment of the Navy, might be abfent with
lefs Inconvenience : Arid the King was as willing to
have fome Eafe. And fo it was adjourned for a
Month or fix Weeks ; in which Time, and even in
the Middle of the difbanding, there happened a very(7»
ftrange Accident, that was Evidence enough of .th?
Temper or Diftemper of the Time.
7A«p«rf«- The Trial of thofe infamous Perfons who were in
m^tJjmn^ Prffon for the Murder of the King ( and who were ap-
pointed by tht ASl of Indemnity to be proceeded againft
with Rigour, and who could not be tried till that Vote
was pafled) was no foonerover; and the Perfons exe-
cuted with fome of the lame Crew, who being in Hol-
land and rianders were, by the Permiffion and Conni-
vance

Edward '£jr/ g/* Clarendon, Gfr. 135

vancc of the Magiftrates, taken by the King's Mi-
sifters there, and brought into England^ and put to
Death with dieir Companions ; but the People of that
Claffis who were called FanatickSy difcovered a wonder-
ful Malignity in their Difcourfes, and Vows of Re-
venge for their innocent Friends. They caufed the
Speeches They had made at their Deaths to be printed,
in which there was Nothing of Repentance or Sorrow
for their Wickednefs, but a Juftification of what They
had done for the Caufe of God ; and had feveral Meet-
ings to confult of the bed Way to attempt their Re-
venge, and of bringing themfelves into the fame Pof-
turc of Authority and Power, which They formerly
had. The disbanding the Army feemed a good Ex-
pedient to contribute to their Ends : And They doubt-
ed not, but as fad as They difbanded They would re-
pair to them, which They could not fo well do pill
then, becaufe of the many new Officers who had been
lately put over them ; and to that Piirpofe They had
fheir Agents in feveral Regimepts to appoint Rendqz-
voiifes. They had Conference of aflaffinating the Ge-
neral, " who," They faid, " had betrayed them, and
" was the only Perfon who kept the Army together."

Matters being in this State, and fome of their Vennern»>
Companions every Day taken and imprifoned upon ''jJl!f7u'
Difcovery of their Purpofes, the King being gone to Fanatick* m
Porljmouibj and the Parliament adjourned. They ap- ''^*°^°*
pointed a Rendezvous in feveral Places of London at
twelve of the Clock in the Night-, the fame being
affigned to their Friends in the Country. They had
not Patience to make Ufe of the Silence of the Night,
till They could draw their feveral Bodies together.
But their feveral Rendezvoufes no fooner met, than
They fell into Noife and Exclamations, " that all
^' Men ihould take Arms to afllfl the Lord Jesus
** Christ;'* ^nd when the Watch came towards
them. They refolutely defended themfelves, and killed
many of thofe who came to aflault them : So that the
Alarum was in a Ihort Time fpread over the City,

and

136 The Ct>ntinuation of the Life of

and from thence was carried to Whitehall^ where the
Duke ofTork was and the General, with a Regiment
of Guards and foj!ne Horfc, which were quickly drawn
together.

Sir Richard Browne was then Lord Mayor of Lon-
doH, a very ftout and vigilant Magiftrate, who was
equally feared and hated by all the fcditious Party, for
his extraordinary Zeal and Rcfolution in the King's
Service. Nor was there any Man in Englafidj who
did raze out the Memory of what He had formerly
done amifs, with a more fignal Acknowledgment, or
4 more frank and generous Engagement againft all
Manner of Faft.ons, which oppofed or obftrufted his
Majefty's Service -, which made him terrible and odi-
ous to all, and tO none more than to the PreJhyterianSj
who had formerly feduced him. Upon the Alarum,
which of itf.lf had fcattercd many of the Confpirators
as They were going to or were upon the Places to
which They were affigned. He was quickly upon his
Horfe, accompanied with as many Soldiers, Officers
and Friends as He could fpeedily draw together ; and
with thofe marched towards that Place where the moft
Noife was made, and in his Way met many who ran
from the Fury of thofe, " who,** They faid, " were
^' in Arms,** and reported " their Numbers to be very
^ great, and that Tney killed all who oppofed them.**(7Ji
And true it was They had killed fome, and charged
a Body of the Trainbands with fo much Courage, that
it retired with Diforder, Yet when the Mayor came.
He found the Number fo fmaU, not above thirty Men,
that He commanded them to lay down their Arms ;
which when They refufed to do. He charged them
brifkly. And They defended themfelves with that
Courage and Dcfpair, that They killed and wounded
many of his Men ; and very few of them yielded or
would receive Quarter, till They were overborne with
Numbers or fainted with Wounds, and fo were taken
and laid Hands on.

Edward Ejt/ j/* Clarendon, &c. 137

Tr7 iR Captain, who was to command the whole
VzTty ip LaadcHj and had for his Device in his Enfign
tbefe Words, The Lord God and Gideon, was a
Winc-Cboper of a competent Eftate, a very ftrong
Man, who defended himfelf with his Sword, and kill-
ed fome of thole who aflaulted him, till He fell with
his Wounds, as fbme other about him did ; all whom
He had perfuaded, that They fhould be able to do as
much upon their Enemies, as Jobatban and his Ar-
mour Bearer did upon the Pbiltftines^ or any others in
the Old Teftament had upon thofe whom the Lord
delivered into then* Hands. Nor could it be found
upon all his Examinations, that there was any other
formed Defign, than what mud: probably attend the
Declaration of the Army, of which He was aflured.
He and the other hurt Men were committed to the
Gaol, and to the fpecial Charge of the Surgeons, that
They might be preferved for a Trial,

The next Morning the Council met early, and
having received an Account of all that had pafTed,
They could not but conclude, that this fo extravagant
an Attempt could not be founded upon the Raftinels
of one Man, who had been always looked upon as a
Man of Senfe and Reafon. And thereupon They
thought it neceflary to fufpend the difbanding the Ge-
neral's Regiment of Foot, which had the Guard of
WbitebaU^ and was by the Order of Parliament to have
been difbanded the next Dav ; and writ to the King
" to approve of what They nad done, and to appoint
" it to be continued till farther Order,'* which his
Majefty confented to. And this was the true Ground
and Occafion of the continuing and increafmg the
Guard for his Majefty's Pcrfon, which no Man at
that Time thought to be more than was neceflary.
Order was given for the fpeedy Trial of Venner and his
Accomplices ; many whereof with himfelf would have
died of their Wounds, if their Trial had been deferred
for many Days : But the Surgeons Skill preferved them
till then, where They made no other Defence for them-

fdvcs

jjS 7i&^ Cpntinmtim ^ the Life of

felvcs than wh*t is before mentioned ; nor did then,
r^rwhubm or at their Peaths (there being ten or a dozen exe-
JTf^^/puted) inake the leaft Show of Sorrow fox what They
gnextoatd. jiad attempted.

There is n6 Occafion for mentioning more of the
. particular Pro(:eedings of this Parliament, which though
it met afterwards at the Time appointed, and proceed-
ed with all Duty to the King, in raifing great Sums of
Money for the Army and the Navy, and for the Pay-
;nent of other great Debts, which They thought them-
felves concerned to difcharge, and which had never
t)een incurred by the King j and likewife paffed many
good Afts for the fettling a future Revenue for the
Crown, and a Vote that They would raife that Re-
venue to twelve hundred thoufand Pounds yearly:
Yet They gave not any Thing to the King himfelf
(all the reft was received and paid by thofe who were
deputed by them to that Purpofe ) but feventy thou-
fand Pounds towards the Difcaarge of his Coronation,
which He had appointed to be in the Beginning of
May following. And this feventy thoufand Pounds
was all the Money the King received or could difpofe
of, in a full Year after his Coming to London % fo that(743
there could not but be a very great Debt contracted in
that Time, for the Payment whereof He muft after-
wards provide as well as He could. I fay, I Ihall not
mention more of the Particulars of that Parliament,
becaufe it was forefeen by all, that though their Meet-
ing had produced all thofe good EfFefts, in the re-
ftoring the King, difbanding the Army, and many
other Things, which could be wiftied; yet that
the lafting Validity of all They had done, would de-
pend upon another Parliament to be legally fummoned
oy the King with all thofe Formalities which this
wanted ; and the Confirmation of that Parliament
would be neceflary for the People's Security, that
They fliauld enjoy all that this had granted : So that
\vhen I fliall fpeak again of the Proceedings of Par-
liament,

EpwARP Earl of Clarenpon, tSc. 139

liament, it wiU be of that Parliament which will be
called by his Majefty's Writ.

Only before We diflblve this, and bccaufe ther?
hath been fp little faid of the Licenfe and Diflemper
in Religion, which hisMajefty exceedingly apprehended
wpi^ldhaye received fomc Countenance from the Par-
Ijament \ We fliall remember, that the King having by
liis Pocjaration from Brcia referred the compofmg and
iettiing all that related to the Government of the
Church to the Parliament, He could do Nothing to-
wards it bittifelf : But by his gracious Reception of
the old Biflipps who were dill alive, and his own Prac-
tice in bis Devouons and the Government of his Roy^
Chapel, He decided fufficiently what fhould be done
in other Places. The Party of the Prejhyterians was
venr numerous in the Houfe of Commons, and had
before the King's Return made a Conimittee to devif<;
fuch a Groveri>ment for the Church, as might either
tpt^y exclude Bilhpps, or make them little fuperiour
to the reft of the Clergy. But the Spirit of th^ Timp
had oif itfelf cleifted many Members, nptwithftanding
the Injundfcions fent out with the Writs, and exprefsly
contrary to fuch Injunftions, of a very different Allay 5
who together with fqch as were cholfcn after his Ma^
jefty's Return, were numerous enough to obftruft and
checl^ any Prevalence of that Party, though not of
Power enough tp compel them to confent to fober
Counfel$. And fo the Bufinefs was kept dill at the
Committee, now and then getting Ground, and then
caft back again, as thp fober Members attended ; fp
that no Report was brought to the Houfe from thence,
which plight have given the King fome Trouble.
And by Degrees the Heads of that Party grew weary
of the Warmth of their Prpfecution, which They h^
not like to produce any notable Fruit that They cared
for. The King defired no more than th^t They ihpuld
do Nothing, being fure that in a little Time H«
fliould hin^felf do the Work beft. And fo in Septem-
ber when He adjourned theni> He took Notice " that

They

fmn.

140 The Continuation of the Life of

" They had offered him no Advice towards the com-
** pqfing the Diflcntions in Religion, and therefore He
* would try in that; fliort Adjournment of the Parlia-
•* ment, what He could do towards it himfelf.

And thereupon He was himfelf prefent many Day s,
and for many Hours each Day, at a Conference be-
tween many of the London Miniftcrs, who were the
Heads of the Prefbytcrian Party, with an equal Num-
ber of the Orthodox Clergy, who had been for (b
many Years deprived of all that They had : Which
Conference was held at Worcefter-Houfe in the Chan-
cellor's Lodgings, to confider what Ceremonies fliould
be retained in the Church, and what Alterations Ihould
be made in the Liturgy that had been formerly ufcd;
rbi King and the Subftance of this Conference was afterwards
^jD^ilit, publiftied in Print. The King upon this publiftied a
tauimifig Declaration concerning Ecclefiaftical Affairs, wherein
^jgAiot^ He took Notice " of the Conference that had been
•* in his own Prefence, and that He had commanded the
" Clergy of Both Sides to meet together at r}it Savoy inc?/)
•* the Matter's Lodgings, and if it were poflible,to agree
" upon fuch an aM of Uniformity^ that might be con-
*' firmed in Parliament.*' And in the mean Time
" He fignified his Pleafure, that Nobody fhould be .
" puniflied for not ufing ^be Biok of Common Prater
" which had been formerly eftablilhed, or for difcon-
" tinuing the Surplice, and the Sign of the Crofs ;
**and that all who dcfired to conform to the old
" Praftice in the ufing them all, ftiould be at the fame
" Liberty :" Which Declaration was read to, and put
into the Hands of the Divines of Both Sides for fome
Days ; and then They were again heard before his Ma-
jelly at Worcefier-Houfe. And though it cannot be de-
nied, that either Party did defire that fomewhat might
be put in, and fomewhat left out, in neither of which
they were gratified ; yet it is moft true. They were
Both well content with it, or feemed fo. And the De-
claration was publiftied in his Majefty's Name before
the Return of the Parliament,

Herb

Edward Earl ^/^ Clarendon, CSc. 14I

He R E I cannot but inftance two A£ls of the Pref- r«» ujumm

ijferiansj by which, if their Humour and Spirit were j^^^^

not enough difcovered and known, their Want of In- Pr^ht^

genuity and Integrity would be manifeft, and how im-'"^^^

poflible is it for Men who would not be deceived to

depend on either. When the Declaration had been

delivered to the Minifters, ther^ was a Claufe in it,

m which the King declared " his own conftant Prac-

•* ticc of The Common PrayeTj and that He would take

•* it well from thofe who ufed it in their Churches,

*( that the common People might be again acquainted

"with the Piety, Gravity and Devotion of it, and

"which he thought would facilitate their living in

" a good Neighbourhood together j'* or Words to that

Effcft. When They had confidered the Whole fomc

Days, Mr. Calatny and fome other Minifters deputed

by the reft, came to the Chancellor to redeliver it ;o

his Hands. They acknowledged " the King had been

" very gracious to them in his Conceffions j though

" He had not granted all that fome of their Brethren

"wiflied, yet They were contented:" Only defired

him, **that He would prevail with the King, that

"the Claufe mentioned before might be left out;

"which** They protefted "was moved by them

" for the King's own End, and that They might ftiew

" their Obedience to him, and Refolution to do him

" Service. For They were refolved themfelves to do

"what the King wi(hed, and firft to reconcile the

" People, who for near twenty Years had not been

"acquainted with that Form, by informing them

"that it contained much Piety and Devotion, and

" might be lawfully ufed ; and then that They would

" begin to ufe it themfelves, and by Degrees accuftom

" the People to it : Which'* they faid " would have a

" better EfFeft, than if the Claufe were in the Decla-

" ration -, for They ftiould be thought in their Per-

"fuafions to comply only with the King's Recom-

" mendation, and to merit from his Majcfty, and not

" to be moved from the Confcience of the Duty ; and

« fo

144 ^be Continuation of the Life ^ .

^^ (b they (hould take that Occafion to manifctt their
*' Zeal to pleafe the King. And They feared there
*' would be other ill Confequences fiioin it, by the
** Waywardnefe of the common People, who were to
" be treated with Skill, and would not be prevailed
** upon all at once.^ The King was to be prefent the
next Morning, to hear the Declaration read the la^
Time before Both Parties ; and then the Chancellor
told him, in the Prefence of all the reft, what the
Minifters had delired ; which They a^ain enlarged
upon with the fame Proteftatbns of their Kefblutionsv
in fuch a Manner, that his Majefty believed 'they .
meant honeftly -, and the Claufe *7as left out. fiut
the Declaration was no fooner publilhed, than eb-
ferving that the People were generally fatisfied with
It, They fent their Emiflaries abroad : And manV of
their Letters were intercepted, and particularly a Lit-
ter from Mr. Cdlamy to a leading Minifter in Somerfei'{7i)
Jhrre^ whereby He advifed and entreated hirh, •* that
*' He and his Friends would continue and periHt in
" the Ufe of The DireSory, and by no Means admit
" The Common Prayer in therr Churches •, for that He
"made no Queftion but that They (hould prevail
" farther with the King, than He had yet confented
" to in his Declaration/'

Th e other Inftance was, that as foon as the De-
claration was printed, the King received a Petition in
the Name of the Minifters of London and many others
of the fame Opinion )Vith them, who had fubfcribed
that Petition ; amongft whom none of thofe who had
attended the King in thofe Conferences had their
Names. They gave his Majefty humble Thanks
" for the Grace He had vouchfafed to fhew in his De-
** claration, which They received as an Earneft of his
" future Goodncfs and Condefcenfion in granting all
" thofe other Concefllons, which were abfolutely ne-
** ccfiary for the Liberty of their Confcience -,** and
dcfircd with much Importunity and ill Manners,
•* that the wearing the Surplice, and the ufing the

" Crofs

Edward Earl gf CLAHftWDd!^, &t. 143

"Cixrfs in Baptifm, might be abfoliitely abolilhed out
"of the Church, as being fcandalous to all Men of
"tender Confciences.** From thofe two InftanceS all
Men may conclude, that Nothing but a fevere Exe-
cution of the Law can ever prevail upon that Clafis of
Men to conform to Government.

Wh e h the Parliament came together ^ain aftef ^ p-^-
their Adjournment, They gave the King publick JJp,^"JS/,
Thanks for his Declaration, and never pfoceeaed for- tbfiM.
ther in the Matter of Religion, of which the King wai
very glad : Only fome of the Leaders brought a Bill
into the Houfc "for the making that Declaration a
"Law,** which was fuitable to their other Afts of In-
genuity, to keep the Church for ever under the fame
Indulgence and without any Settlement; which being
quicldy perceived, there was no farther Progrefs in it.
And the King upon the nine and twentieth oiLecembeir^
^Stct having given them an ample Teftimony of their
Kindneis towards him, which He masnilied with many
gracious Expreffions, and his Royal Thailks for the
fettling his Revenue and Payment of the publickDebts,
promifed " to fend out Writs for the calling another
" Parliament, which He doubted not Would confirm
" all that They had done, and in which He hoped'
" many of them would be elefted again to ferve :**
And fo diffblved the prefent Parliament with as general
an Appiaufe as hath been known ; though it was
quicldy known, that the Revenue They had fetdcd
was not in Value equal to what They had coiiiputed.
Nor did the Monies They granted in any Degree arife
to enough to pay either the Arrears to the Army, or
the Debts to the Navy ; Both which muft be the Work
of the enfuing Parliament, which was direfted to meet
upon the eighth of May following : Before which
Time, the King made Choice of worthy and learned AMwPar-
Men to fupply the vacant Sees of Bifhops, which had f^v/Tr^
been void fo many Years, and who were confecrated
accordingly before the Parliament met. And before

We

144 ^^^ Continuation of the Life of

We come to that Time, fome particular Occurrenccf
of Moment muft be firft inferted.

When the King arrived in England^ Monfieur Bor-
deaux was there Ambailadour from the King of France^
and had refided Ambafladour there about three Years
in Cromwell's Time, and lived in marvellous Luftre,
very acceptable and dear to Cromwelly having treated
all the fecret Alliance between the Cardinal and him i
and was even trufted by the Proteftor in many of his
Counfels, efpecially to difcover any Confpiracy againft
him ; for He lived jovially, made «eat Entertain*
ments to Lords and Ladies without Diftin£tion, and
amongil them would frequently let fall fome Ezpref-
fions of Compaflion and Reipeft towards the King(?
After Cromweirs Death his Credentiak were quickly
renewed to Richard his Succeflbr, with whom all the
former Treaties were again eftabliihed. And when
He was put down. He was not long without frcfli
Credit to the Commonwealth that fucceeded : And fo
upon all Viciffitudes was fupplied with Authority to
endear his Matter's Affcftion to the prefent Powers,
and to let them know, " how well the Cardinal was
" difpofed to join the Power of France to their Intereft/*
And his Dexterity had been fuch towards all, that the
Cardinal thought fit to fend him new Credentials
againft the Time of the King's Coming to London.
And within few Days after, when He had provided a
new Equipage to appear in more Glory than He had
ever yet done, He fent to defu-e an Audience from the
King.

The Earl of St. Albans was newly come from
France ; and to him Bordeaux had applied himfelf, who
was always very ready to promote any Thing that
might be grateful to that Crown. But the King would
not refolve any Thing in the Point, till He had con-
ferred upon it with the Council : Where it being de-
bated, there was an unanimous Confent (the Earl of
St. Albans only excepted, who exceedingly laboured
the contrary,) " that it could not ftand with his Ma-

"jcftv's

Edwakd £tfr/ /^/Clarendon, &c. ij^s

** jcft/s Honour to receive hkn as AmbaSTadoMr, who
^ k$d trwf^^ fo fliany T^ngs to his Dilkdvaotage^
^'and fhifcfid hisJPace fo often, always in Conjuadbon
« wifjbL jbis gne^iccft jBneinies ^ ^^nd that it was a great
^ jDjfre^6t in the Crown of France towards his Ma*
'^jelly ki £e)Qding Aich a jPeribn, who They coirid not
" believfe (wichovt great undervaluing the King) could
^be pccepcaUe to him." The King himfclf was of ruAnt^j^
tbfU Opinion.; .and inftc^d of afligning him a Day for ^'„-^ ^u
^ ^g^rUK^QCf , ^ W9^ Retired, He fent hkn an exprefs ^'' ^^'^^^
QoniBiand to depict the Kii^dom. And when He^J^;^
afiienr^tt^ with #iuch Importunity, defired only to^^
be adotkted as a Stranger to fee his Majeijby, and to
^aca^ to km 3 il^ Majefty as ppfitively refufed to adr
mitji^ %Qhis Pf^fence. All which was imputed prin*
C^ifdly 'tQ the Chancellory who h^ with fonie Warmth
9f^ifrfc4 his being received as Amipafradour ; and w4iea
Wfi fcot hy a Perfon well enough efteemed by the
ChaiKK^r, ^^that He would receive a Vilk from
"hiaw** He exprefsly i^efuied to fee him. Whoever
gave the Advice, the King had great Honour by it in
JRrmue itfelf, which declared -no Kind of Refentment of
it, and gave poor Bordeaux fuch a Reception, after
having ferved them five Years with notable Succefs,
and ipent his whole Eftate in -the Service, that in a
ihort Time He died hear t-brpkefi in Miiery and un-
inquired after. And forthwith that King fent the
Count of £9^^, the mpft illuftrious Perfon in France^
very .nobly accompanied and bravely attended, as his
iCkaiba^&dour, to congratulate his Majefty's happy Re-
ftoration, with all the Compliments c^ Friend&ip and
EAeem chat can be imagined.

.TH£fiL£ was another AmbaflTadourat the fame TmcThtAndmifa^
mlMulanj who might be thought to fta^d in the fame$^^"/o
jRpedicament with Bordeaux^ though in Truth their '^^'f«w-
Cafes were very different, and who received a vcry^^^
diffeFent Treatment. That was the Ambafiadour of
P^t^gak who.h^ been fent by that Crown to finifli ^
ICreacy that.ha$i be^n begun by another ^ipbaffadour

VoJ.il L with

•1*46 * 51^^ Continuation of the Life of

with Cromwell ; who had been fo ill ufed, that They
had put his Brother publickly to Death for a rafh
AAion in which a Gentleman had been killed 5 upori
which He had got Leave fix)m his Matter to quit the
Kingdom. And this other Ambafladour had beeri
fent in his Room ; and was forced to confent and fub-
mit to very hard Conditions, as a Ranfom for that
King's Generofity in aflifting the King in his loweft
Gondition, by receiving Prince Rupert with his Ma-
jelty's Fleet in Lijbon^ and fo preferving them from 2lW
.'-, Fleet much fuperiour in Number and Goodnefs of the

Ships, that purfued him by Commiffion from Crom-
well : Who took that Aftion fo to Heart, that He
made War upon that Kingdom, took their Ships,
obllrufted their Trade, and blocked up all their Ports ;
whilft the Spanijh Army invaded them at Land, and
took their Towns in the very Heart of the Kingdom.
And to redeem that poor King from that terrible Per-
fccudon, that Treaty had been fubmitted to; in which,
befides the yearly Payment of a great Sum of Money
from Portugal^ which was to continue for many Years;
other great Advantages in Trade had been granted to
England. The King made no Scruple of receiving
this Ambafladour with a very good Countenance ; and
as foon as He got his Credentials, gave him a publick
Audience, with all the Formality and Ceremony that
•in thofe Cafes are ufual and neceflary.
j^H Account of And becaufe in fome Time after a Negotiation
'j^^*-^ was fet on Foot of the higheft Importance, and had
tvitb pSrtu- its Effed in the King's Marriage with the Queen ; and
8*^* -becaufe, how acceptable foever both that Treaty and

Conclufion of it was then to the whole Kingdom, that
Affair was afterwards imputed to the Chancellor, and
in the Opinion of many proved to be the Caufe and
Ground of all his Misfortunes : I (hall here fct down
all the Particulars that introduced and attended that
Negotiation and Treaty, with all the Circumftances,
fome whereof may appear too light, and yet are not
• without Weight, to make it appear to all the World,

how

Edward Earl Df Clarendon, dSc, 147

bow far the Chancellor was from being the Author of
that Counfel (and if He had been, there was no Rea-
ion to be afhamed of it ) and that He did Nothing be-
feir, in, or after that Treaty, but what was neceflary
for a Man in his Condition, and what very well be-
came a Perfon of that Truft and Confidence He was
in with his Mailer.

It hath been remembered before, that upon the
Publication of the Duke*s Marriage, and the Recon-
ciliacioA upon that Aflfair, the Chancellor was very
fciicitous that the King himfelf would marry ; that
He defired the Marquis of Ormond very earneftljr to
advife him to it : And himfelf often put his Majefty
in Mind of what He had faid to him ia France^ when ,
die Duke was perfuaded to treat about a Marriage
with Madernoifelle de Longueville^ " that his Majefty was
** by no Means to confent, that his Heir Apparent
^(hould marry before himfelf were married;" for
which He had given fome Reafons, for which at that
Time He underwent great Difpleafures. And this
Difcourfe He had held often with the King: And
fere no Man in England more impatiently defired to
fee htm married than He did. Indeed it was no eafy
Matter to find a Perfon in all Refpcdts.fo fit, that a
Mah would take upon him to propofe.in particular;
nor did He think himfelf in many Refpefts, and with
Reference to the Accidents which might probably or
poffibly fall out, fit, if He could have thought of
One, to be the Author of the Propofition.
s One Day the King came to the Chancellor's Houfc 7;&f Portu-
in the Afternoon ; and being alone with him, his Ma-J^^^'*^''
jefty told him, *•' that He was come to confer wich/^/d/ifciWirw
**him upon an Argument that He would well like,""-^''
•* which was about his own Marriage." He faid,
"the Lord Chamberlain" (who was then Earl of
Mancbefter) "had held a Difcourfe with him fome
*'Days paft, that feemed to have fome what in it that
•* was worth the thinking of That He had told him,
^tbt Portugal Ambaffadour had made hifn a Vijit^ and

L 2 ^^ having

14? ^be Continuation of tie JJf^ ef

" having fome Confer enct with him concerning the iting^
" towards wbofe Per/on He prbfijfed a profoimd Re/peS^
« He /aid it was Tifke for bis Majefy to think ef Mgt-
<< riage \ which Nothing could keep him from^ hut the
« Difficulty of finding a fit Confort for Urn. theU therein)
" was in Portugal a PHncefs in her Beautyy Perfon emd
•' jlge^ very fit for him^ and who would bofVe a Portion
*^fuitable to h& Birth and Siuality. ^hat it is trua She
*^ was a Catholick, and would never depart from b&
^« Religion ; but was totally without that MeddBug and
^^ jEli*uity in h^ Nitture^ which martf Times made ibofe
*^ of that Religion trm^lejfome and reftUfs^ when They came
^ into a Country Where another Religion was praSifid.
*' That She had heon bred under a wife MoA'e^^ who
^^was ftill Regent in that Kingdom^ who had tarifnUf
^^ infufed another SpiHt into her^ and kept her from affec^
^' ting to have any Hand in Bufinefs^ and which She had
^' never been acquainted with ; fo that She would look ankf
^' to enjoy her own ReHgtoUj and not at all cancirm her-
^^felf in what others profejfed. That He had Authority tb
^^ make the Propojition to the Kingy withfnch Particular
** rities as ineludedmanyAdvanti^es above asrf^ Ha thought^
*^ which could accon^ny any Overture of that Kind.pvm .
•• another Prince. To which the Chamberlain had adft.
•' ed, that there could be no ^eftion^ but that u Pro-
^< tefiant ^een would in all RefpeOs be looked upon as
" the greateji Bl^g to the Kingdom : But iffuch -a one
•• could not befoundy He did redlly believe^ that m Prin-
** cefs of this Temper and Spirit would be the be^ of oB
" CathoHcks. That the Trade of Portugal was \great
•• hercy and that England had a more beneficial Coumerce
** with that Crown than with any other : U^ch Imd in-
*' duced Cromwell to make that Peace^ when He hoi
" upon the Matter forfworn it ; and the making it hud
" been the moft popular ASion He had ever performod.**

H I s Majefty faid, '* that He had only anfwered
^* the Chamberlain^ that He would think of it. But
" that the very Nfoming of this Day, the Ambaffii-
"dour of Portugal had been with him, and without

** any

EdwaIio Earl qf CLARBhipoN^ &r. 149

^tny Formality had entered into the fame DifcpurTe,
^acid fiud al} that the Xm^ Chamberlain had men-
^ tkmed : To which He added, that Hi bad Authority
^ /^ ^[^ t9 bis Majefty Jm hundred ibpufand Pounds
^Sterling i^ uady Motuy^ ^ a Portion ii^ith'thfi In-
^ fiuita ; and iikeufije to qfftgn oyer^ and for ever to an^
^ nex t^ the Crown of England, tho Pcjpffion of Tan-
** gier ufom tbo African Shore in the Mediterranean Sea^
^a Phee rf tbaf Strength and Importanu^ as would be
•* ef injfimto Bei^t and Security to the Trade ^/England ;
•* and likewife to grant to the Engliih Nation a free Trade
^ im Bmfil and in the £aft<-Indie3) which They bad hither-
^ to domed to all Nations but themfehes. And for their
^ Ssoftrity to et^oy that Privilege j They would put into
^ bis Majijtfs Hands and Poffeffion^ and for ever annex
^to tbf Crown ^England, the Jfland of Bombayne
^ (mti tbf Topns and Caftles therein^ which are within
**a very Utiii Dijfanee from Bopibayne) ; which hath
^ va$bin itfelf a very goo4 ^nd fpacious Harbour^ and
'* would be a vqfi Jftfrovemnt to the Eaft-India Trade.
" jM tbofe two Places^ He faid, ^ Tangier and Bom-
^ bayne, might reafonabiy be value4 above the Portion in
^M^tey.*^ The ifing mentioned all the Difcourfe ^srheja^g^^
ii Maibter that pleafed him, and ifiight prove of nota-^^^^^^
t^ Adv?U9tagc to the Kingdon> ; and faid ^^ that He .
'^had wUhcd the Ambai&dour to confer with him
^(the Chancellor) upon it/' and l^hen afked him
** wkit He thought of it :" To which He anfwered,
^^ that yit had not heard of it enough to think of it*'
(for He ^ad never heard or thought of it before that
Moipieiit) ^ *^ and therefore He (hould not be able to
^ do more when the Ambaflfadoi^r came to him, than
. " to he^ what He f^d, and report it to his Majefty.'*
For the prdent He only alked, ^^ whether his Ma-
** jefty had given over all Thoughts of a Protefiant
"Wife:" To which He anfwered, "He gouldfind
" none fucb, except amongft his own Subjeds ; and
"axnongft them He had fccn none that pieced him
^enough 10 that £^d/' And obferving the Chan-

L 3 ccUor

150 7J&^ Continuation of the Life of

ccUor to look fixedly upon him. He faid, ** that He(J
*' would never think more of the Princefs of Orange's
*' Daughter, her Mother having ufed him fo ill when
** He propofed it •, and if He (hould now think of it,
** He Knew his Mother would never confent to it, and
" that it would break his Sifter's Heart : Therefore
^* He had rcfolved never to entertain that Thought
" again. And that He faw no Objedion againft thiis
** Overture from Portugal^ that would not occur in
" any other, where the Advantages would not be fo
'' many or fo great."

What could the Chancellor fay ? What Objcftion
could He make, why this Overture fliould not be
hearkened to ? And what would the King have thought,
or what might He not have thought, if He had ad-
vifed him to rejedt this Motion f He gave him no other
Anfwer for the prefent, than ^* that He defired No-
** thing more in this World, than to fee his Majefty
** well married j and He was very confident that all
" his good Subjefts were of the fame Mind : And
" therefore there muft be fome very vifible Inconve-
** nience in it, when He (hould difluade him not to
" embrace fuch an Opportunity: That He would be
" ready to confer with the P^r/^^^/ Ambafladour when
** He came, and then He fhould entertain his Majefty
" farther upon that Subjeft." The Ambafladour came
to him, repeated what He faid and propofed to the
King, with little other Enlargement, than concerning
the Benefit England would receive by the two Places
of Tangier and Bomhayne^ and the Defcription of their
Situation and Strength ; of all which the Chancellor
gave his Majefty a faithful Account, without pre-
fumin^ to mingle with it a Word of his own Advice,
The King appeared abundantly plealed, and willing
to jproceed farther -, and asked "what was next to be
♦* clone :*' To which He anfwered, ** that it was a Mat-
^* ter of too great Importance for him to deliver any
^» Opinion upon ; indeed too great for his Majefty
'^ hinifelf tp refolve, upon the private Advice of any

Edward £«r/ g/* Clarendon, &c. 151

"one Man, how agreeable focver it ftiould be to his
"own Inclination and Judgment.'* And therefore
He delired him " that He would call to him four or
"five Perfons, whom He thought to be the moft
" competent Confiderers of fuch an Affair, and coa^
" fult it very maturely with them, before He enter-
" tained any more Conference with the Ambafladoun
"For whatfoeverHe fliould refolve upon it, it ought
" yet to be kept in all poffible Secrecy : If it fhould^
" be thought fit to be rejefted, it ought to be without'
" the leaft Noife, and the leaft Refleftion upon the
" Overture, which had been made with all the pofljblc
" Demonilration of Efteem : If it fhould appear worr
** thy of Entertainment and Acceptation, it would '
"ftill require the fame Secrecy; till the Value and v
** Confequence of all the Particulars propofed by the
^^ Ambafiadour might be fully examined and weighed,
^and a more particular and fubftantial Afiurance
'* given for the Accomplilhment, than the bare Word
" of the Ambaflfadour/*

The King appointed that the Lord Treafurer, the mappoima
Marquis of Ormond, the Lord Chamberlain, and Se- ^Za
crctary NicboIaSy fliould be together at the Chancellor's '^^^^o ^''i
Houfe, where his Majefty would likewife be and pror 'j^;.^"^*'-^'"
pofe the Bufinefs to them. And accordingly He did
relate to them the whoje Series ot what had paffcd,
and required them " with all poflible Freedom to de-
** liver their Opinions, and to confider whether there
" was any other Princefs or Lady in their View, with
** whom he might marry more advantageoufly." He
added, " that He had fpoken both with tlie Earl of
^^ Sandwich and Sir John Lawfon occafionally and
" merely as loofe Difcourfe, what Place Tangier was^
*' which He pointed to in the Map, and whether it was
^^ well known to them-, and They Both faid ^k^ knew it
(Si)" well from Sea. But that Sir John Lawfon had been in
'' it, and faid, // was a Place of that Importance^ that if it
" were in the Hands of the Hollanders, T^hey wou'd quickly
♦* make a Mole^ which TChey might eafily do\ that now Ships

L 4 ''could -

152 T'Af ContinuaHm if thi Lift rf

** couti not ride then in fitch d Wind^^ which his Ma-
** jefty tiarried ; but if there ^ire a Male, they t^uU fide
^^fecurefy in allJVeather\ and T^bey would keep the flittt
^* againft all the Worli^ and give the Law td all the Trttde
" of the Mediterranean :** With which Difcourfe his
Majefty fecmed very much aflFefted. After many Qpef-
tions and much Debate, ahd fome of the Lords wHh-
ing that it were poflible to get a Queen thit wai 4
Proteftant^ and One of them naming the Daugh-
ter of Harry Prince of Orange^ of whom They had
heard fome Mention when his Majefty was be-
yond the Seas, and of whofe eWtr Sifter (then mar-
ried to the Eie6ter of Branden^urgh) there had been
feme Difcourfe in the Life of the late King ; (but
his Majefty quickly declared, " that He had very un-
•• anf^efable Reiafons why He could not entertain that
•* Alliance"): All the Lords unanimoufly Sigreed,
*• that there was noCatholick Princefs in Ekripe^ wfapm
'^ his Majefty could with fo much Reafbn and Ad*
•' vantage marry, as the Infanta of Portugal. That
^•the Portion propofed in Money, fetting afidc the
" Places, was much greater, almoft double to what
^* any King had ever received in Money by any Mar*
** riage. And the Places fcemed to be fituated Very
*^ ufefqlly for Trade, the Increafc whereof his Ma*
•* jefty was to endcavbijr with all poflible Sblicittide ;
** which could only nr^ake this Nation flourifh, and re-
^* cover the Intereft They had loft, dpeciafly in the
^* hidies |nd in the Mediterranean^ by the late Troubles
" and biftraftions, and the Advantage the Dutch hac)
*' thereby gotten over the Englijh in thofcTradcs, as well
** as in other.'* The King approved all th^t had been
faid, and thereupon appointed all thofe Lords with
the fame Secrecy to enter into a Treaty with the Am-
bafladoqr-, which was begun between them accordingly.
Th B Treaty neither was nor could be a Spcret;
nor was there any Thing more generally defired, than
that a Treaty of Alliance and Commerce ftiould be
piade with Portugal^ tliat the Trade might continue

with

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. J53

irith Socorit^ : And it was very grateful to every Body
to know, that there was a Committee appointed to
ihm Purpofe. But the Ptopofition towards a Mar-
riage was iKll a Secret, not communicated to any, nor
lb much as fufpeAed hf the Spanijb Ambafladour, who
d^ all He could to obftruft the veryTreaty of Alliance;
e/E^hak Pfoceedings there will be Occafion to make
Mention anon by itielf. The Ambafladour offered
•• to renew the Treaty ( if that of the Marriage was
^ amfented to) in TermimSj that had been made with
^ Crmmwfllj without being fo much as exempted from
•• that yeirly Payment, which had been impofed upon
•• tliem for aflifting Prince Rupert^* and had been af-
figned to the Merchants to fatisfy the Damages They
had fttftained bv Prince Rupert 5 and the Rele^e whcre-
rf muft have obliged the King to pay it himfelf : And
therefore that Omr was looked upon as a generous
Thing. And the whole Treaty, which They had not
jret perufed, was generally looked upon and believed
to be the ntoft advantageous to EngUndj that had beea
ever entered into with any Crown.

It had been fbrefeen from the firft Motion towards
Ab Marriage, that it would be a very hard Matter
iritk fuch Alliance, to avoid fuch a Conjunction with
Pmrtwg^l as would produce a War with Spain ; which
fhe King had no MSnd to be engaged in. For befides
diat He had received fome Civilities from that King,
after a Word of Diibbligations, his Refident at Mddrta^
Sir fimry Bennetj had confented in his Majefty's Name,
tl^t the old Treaty which had been made between
tHlie two Crowns in the Year 1630, (hould be again ob-
feired; of which more anon. But his Majefty's firm
Refcltttion at that Time was, wholly to intend the
compofing or fubduing the Diftempers and ill Hu-
9iour3 in his three Kingdoms and all his other Domi*
nions *, and till that fhould be fully done. He would
have no DiiFerence with any of his Neighbours, nor
be engaged in a War which He could avoid : A Re-
ioltioon very prudently made 5 and if it had been ad-
hered

[54 ^be Continuation, of the Life of

hcrcd to, much Evil which fucceeded the Departure
from it might have been prevented.

But the Lords found, upon Perufal of the Treaty,
one Article (which was indeed the only Article that
made any Show of Benefit and Advantage to Portu-
gal) by which Cromwell was obliged to afllft Portugal
when They fhouM require it, with fix thoufand Foot,
to be levied in England at their Charge. And now the
Ambafladour urged, " that in Confideration of the
♦' Marriage, the Portion, the Delivery of thofe Places,
" and his Majefty's own Intereft by that Marriage in
^* Portugal^ which upon the Death of the King and his
"Brother muft devolve to his Majefty; He would
" take upon him the Protedion of that Kingdom,
" and denounce War with SpMn :** To which his Ma-
jefty warmly and pofitively anfwered, ** that He would
" admit no fuch Engagement ; that He was not in a
*' Condition to make a War till He could not avoid
** it. He would do what was lawful for him to do ;
" He could choofe a Wife for himfelf, and He could
" help a Brother and Ally widi a Levy of Men at
•* their Charge, without entering into a War with any
" other Prince. And if Spain Ihould, either upon his
*' Marriage or fuch Supply, declare a War againft him,
•' He would defend himfelf as well as He could, and
" do as much Damage as He could to SpcUn ; and
*' then that He would apply fuch Afliftance loPoriugal^
" as fhould be moft advantageous to it : And that He
** fhould not be willing to fee it reduced under the
" Obedience of Spain for many Reafons. That in the
*' mean Time He would affill them with the fame
"Number as Cromwell had promifed, and tranfport
" them at his own Charge thither j provided that as
" foon as They were landed, They fhould be received
" in the King of Portugal's Pay :" Which Offer the
King made upon a Reafon not then communicated,
and which will be mentioned hereafter ; befides that
He had fuch a Body of Men ready for fuch a Service,
:.i:d which could with much more Security and little

ijipre

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 155

more Charge be tranfported to Portugal^ than be diC-
banded in the Place where They were.

When the Ambaflfadour found that the King
would not be perfuaded to enter dire6tly into a War
with Spain^ though He offered ^' to put Barcelona into
** his Hands, of which Don Jofepb Margarita** (a Per-
fon who had conduced the Revolt of that City, and
all the Rebellion which had been lately in Catalonia)
" then in Paris fhould come over and give unqueftion-
" able Affurance,** ( all which, with many other Pro-
pofitions of the fame Nature, his Majefty totally re- '

jcftcd ) ; He concluded, that the Alliance and Mar-
riage would give a prcfent Reputation to Portugal^ and
make ImprefHon upon the Spirits of Spain^ and that a
War would hereafter fall out unavoidably: And {oTierreatycf
accepted what the King had offered. And then there ^H^.
remained Nothing to be done, but to give un-g«^J2tt&«^
queftionable Security to the King, for the Perform-
ance of all the Particulars which had been promifed ;
and for which there appeared yet no other Warrant,
than Letters and Inftruftions to the Ambafladour from
the Queen Regent. And for farther Satisfaftion
therein, the Ambafladour offered "prefendy to pals
♦* into Portugal^ and doubted not, in as ftiort a Time
** as could be expefted, to return with fuch Power and
" Authority, and fuch a full Conceflion of what had
^3)** been propofed, as (hould be very fatisfaftory :**
Which his Majefly well liked ; and writ himfelf to the
Queen Regent and to the King fuch Letters, as fig-
niBed " his full Refolution for the Marriage, if all
**the Particulars promifed by the Ambafladour in
^* Writing fliould be made good ;** and writ likewife
a Letter with his own Hand to the Infanta^ as to a
Lady whom He looked upon as his Wife ; and af-
figned two Ships to attend the Ambafladour, who
immediately, and with fome Appearance or l^rc-rbtjMafi.
tence of Difcontent or Diflatisfaftion (that the Se-^^^*^*
cret might be the lels difcovered), embarked with all/-ft4«rPw
bis Fan>ily for the River of Lijbon. And to this Time'''-

X56 The Continuation of the Ijife of

the Ciuncellor had never mentioned any particular Ad*
vice of his own to the King, more than his Concur-
rence with the reft of the Lords : nor in Truth had
any of them fhewed loore Inclination towards it, than
the King himfelf had done, who fcemed marveUoufly
pleafed, and had fpoken much more in private with
the Ambaffadour upon it, than any of the Lords had
done, and of fome Particulars which They were never
acquainted with.
AAtmnt That I may not break oflF the Thread of this DiA
^^^^f courfe till I bring it to a Conclufion, nor Jeavc out
any important Particular that related to that Subjeft;
I ihall in this Place make Mention pf a litde Cloud or
Eclipfe, raifed by the Aftivity and Heftleffiiefs of the
Earl of Briftol^ that feemed to interpofe and darken
the Splendour of this Treaty, and to threaten the Life
thereof, hy extinguiibing it in the Bud : Upon which
Occafion the Chancellor thought himfelf obliged to
appear more /or it* than He had hitherto done ; and
which afterwards ( how unjuftly focver) was turned to
his Reproach. This Earl {who throughout the whole
Courfe of his Life frequently adminiftered Variety of
Difcourfe, that could not be applied to any other Man)
upon the Defeat of Sir George Booths when all the
ling's Hopes in England feemed defperate, had not
the Patience to exp^ another Change that prefendy
fuccceded; but prefently changed his Religion, an^
declared Kimk'^ z Roman Catboliek^ that He might with
undoubted Succefe apply himfelf to the Service of
Spnin^ to which the prcfcnt good Acceptation He had
with Don Juan was the greater Encouragement. He
gave Account by a particular Letter to the Pope of this
his Converfion, which was delivered by the General of
the Jejuits \ in Return of which He received a cufto-
mary Brief from his Sandity, with the old Piece of
Scripture never left out in thole Occafions, Tu conwr-
Jus convert Fratres iuos.

The Noife and Scandal of this Defeftion and
Apoftafy in a fworn Counfellor of the Kiti^ and one

of

Edward Eiir/ ^ Clar£ni>oN| &^. tgf

of his Sccretari^ of Stttte, made it neceflaiy for t^
King to remove kim tir^m both thofe Trufts^ which
He had made himfelf incapable to extcuce by the
Laws of E^laudy and which He prajpofed to himifdf
to enjoy with the more Advantage by his Change 4
ind bettwtd that the King^ who feemed to have no
other Hopes towards hi^^eftoration than an Catho*^
Mck PrinoeS) would not diink this aSeaJbh in ordinary'
PoKcy to difgface a Servant of his Eminency and R45-
laaon, ifer no ochet R^afon Chan his becoming Catbo^
Udt, by which He fliould have to many Opportunities
to ferve his MaAer. And tins He had the Confidence
to .111^ to the King) before He was obl^^ed to deliver

, the ^net, and to forbear the being pndfent any more
ia CoiMcil. And this Difi>lacing and Remove He
kapated entirely to his old Friend the Chancellor
(with whom till that Minute He had for many Years
held 41 very firm Friendfhip), afnd the more, becauie
He receil^d from his Majefty the fame Countenance :
He jiad before, without any Repreherifion for what
He had done^ ehe*King not being tit aH forprifed with
hts Declaration, becaufe He had long known that He

P4)was very indifierent in all Matters of Religion, and
looked upon the outward Profeffion of any, as depend-
ing wholly upon the Convenience or Difcommodity
that might be enjoyed by it. And with fudh Difcourfes
He had too much entertained the King, who never
would fpeak feriouOy with him upon that Subje&*
And truly his own Relation of the Manner of his
Coftverfion, with all the Gircumftances, and the Dif-

, courfe of an Ignorant old 7^^'^^hom He pcrfe60f
contemned, and of a fimple good Woman, the Abbefe
of a Convent, which contributed to it, was fo ridi-
culous, and adminiilered fuch Occafion of Mirth, that
his Majefty thought Laughing at him to be the beft
Reproof. And the Earlbore that io well and grateful^
from the King, and from his other familiar Friends
too ( for He diflembled his taking any Thing ill of
the Chancellor), and contributed fo much himfelf to

the

158 The Qmttnuation of the Life of

the Mirth, that He was never better Company than
upon that Argument: And any Man would have be-
lieved, that He had not a wone Opinion of the Re-
ligion He had forfaken, or of any other, by his be-
coming Roman CatboUck.

When the King made his Journey to FuefUarahia to
the Treaty between the two Crowns, theEarlof JSrj/?^/'/
irrefiftable Importunity prevailed with him to permit
him to go likewife, though his Majefty had received
Advertifcment from Sir Harry Bennett that Don Lewis
de Haro defired that He might not come with his Ma-
jefty thither. The leaft Part of the Mifchief He did
in that Journey was, that He prevailed with the King
to make fo many Diverfions and Delays in it, that the
Treaty was concluded before He came thither, and
He was very near being difappointed of all the Fruit
He had propofed to himfelf to receive from it. How-
ever it was finiflied fo much the better, that He left
the Earl behind him, who in the fhort Time of his
Stay there, had fo far infmuated himfelf into the Grace
and good Opinion of Don Lewis de Haro^ who came
with all the Prejudice and Deteftation imaginable to-
wards him, ( as He had to his extraordinary Parts a
marvellous Faculty of getting himfelf believed) ; that
He was well content that He fhould go with him to
Madrid^ where the King upon the Memory of his
Father (who had deferved well from that Crown, or
rather had fufFcred much for not having deferved ill )
received him gracioufly. And there He refided in the
Refident's Houfe, who had been his Servant, in fuch
a Repofe as was agreeable to his Fancy, that He might
projeft his own Fortune ; which was the only Thing
his Heart was fet upon, and of which He defpaired in
his own Country.

The News of the King's miraculous Reftoration
quickly arrived at Madrid^ and put an End to the
Earl's farther Defigns, believing He could not do
better abroad than He might do in his own Country ;
and fo He undertook his Journey through France^ la-
den

Edward Earl of Clarendgn, S?r. 159

den with many Obligations from that Court, and ar-
rived at London about the Time that the Ambafladour
was embarked for Portugal. The King of Spain had,
foon after the King's Arrival in England^ fent the
Prince of Lygnes with a very fplendid Ambaffage to Autommt^/
congratulate with his Majefty, about the Time that ^^?2Sa£r
the Count of Soiffbns came from France on the fame
Errand. And after his Return, the Baron of Balte-
villi was fent ftom Spain as Ordinary Ambafladour, a
Man bom in Burgundy in the Spanijh Quarters, and
bred a Soldier -, in which Profeffion He was an Officer
of Note, and at that Time was Governour of St. Se^
hafiUffs and of that Province. He fcemed a rough
Man, and to have more of the Camp, but in Truth
knew the Intrigues of a Court better than moft Spa-
mards ; and except when his Pailion furprifed him,
was wary and cunning in his Negotiation. He lived
with Icfs Refervation and more Jollity than the Mi-
nifters of that Crown ufed to do ; and drew fuch of
(t;)thc Court to his Table and Converlktion, who He ob-
fenred were loud Talkers, and confident enough in
the King^s Prefcnce.

I N the firft private Audience He had, He delivered
a Memorial to his Majefty; in which He required
" the Delivery of the Ifland of Jamaica to his Mafter,
" it having been taken by his rebel Subjefts contrary
" to the Treaty of Peace between the two Crowns ;
**and likewife that his Majefty would caufe Dunkirk
" and Mardike to be reftorcd to his Catbolick Majefty,
" they having not only been taken contrary to that
"Treaty, but when his Majefty was entertained in
"that King's Dominions with all Courtefy and Re-
" fpeft.** And He likewife required in the King his
Matter's Name, " that the King would not give any
" Affiftance, ii(Bfcnter into any Treaty of Alliance
" with Portugalr^or that the fame, as the reft, was
" direfUy contrary to the laft Treaty, which was now
" again revived and ftood in Force by the Declaration
*' of his Majefty's Refident at Madrid " which was the

firft

l6o ^be Continuatum of the Life of

firft Notice any of his Majefly's Miniftcrs had of anr
fuch Declaration. But when He had delivered thofe
Memorials to the King, He never called for an An-
fwer, nor wilfingly entered upon the Difcourfe of either
of the Subjeds j but put it oflf merely as a ThingHc
was to do of Form once, that his Matter's juft Tide
might be remembered, but not to be prefled tiU a
fitter Conjunfture. For He eafily difcovered witat
Anfwer He fliould receive : And fo took the Advan-
tage of the Licenfe of the Court, where no JRwlcs iv
Formalities were yet eftabliflied ( and to which the
King himfelf was not enough inclined), but all Doors
open to allPerfons. Which the Ambafladour findiogi
He made himfelf a Domeilick, came to the King ai
all Hours, and fpake to him when and as long as He
would, without any Ceremony, or defiring an Audi^
ence according to the old Cuftom ; but came into^tbe
Bedchamber whilft the King was drefiing lunndelf, and
mingled in all Difcourfes with the fame Freedom He
would ufe in his own. And from this never heatd of
Licenfe, introduced by the French and the Spanhr4 at
this Time without any Diflike in the Kine, though
not permitted in any other Court in Cbrifiemom^ many
Inconveniences and Milchiefs broke in, which could
never after be fhut out.

As foon as the Earl of Brijlol came to the Court,
He was very willing to be looked ujpon as wholly dc-
voted to the SpaniJb hittit^ ; and lo make a particu-
lar Friendfhip with the Spanijb Ambailadour, with
whom He had a former Acqu^ntance whilft the Kkig
had been at Fuentarabiay that He might give a Tcfe"
mony of his Gratitude for the Favours He had received
fo lately at Madrid. The King received him with 4us
accuftomed good Countenance ; and He had an jm-
cellent Talent in fpreading that JLfl|W5old very thin,
that it might look much more thiJiKeas : And took
Pains by being always in his Prefence, and often whif-
pering in his Ear, and talking upon (bme Subjeds widi
a Liberty not ingratcful, to have. it bclicvjed that He

was

Edward £^r/ ^ Clarendon, &c. i6t

was more than ordinarily acceptable to his Majefty.
And the King, not wary enough againft thofe Inva-
fioQS, did communicate more to him of the Treaty
with Portugal^ than He had done to any other Perfon,
cxcq>t thofe who were immediately trufted in it. •

The Earl had always promifcd himfelf ( though
He knew He could not be of the Council, nor in any
Miniftry of State, by Reafon of his Religion) that
He was in fb good Efteem with his Majefty and with
moft of thofe who were trufted by him, that He fliould
have a great Share in all foreign Afikirs, and fliould
be confulted with in all Matters of that Kind, in Re-
gard of the long Experience He had in foreign P^ts ;
which indeed amounted to no more, than a great £x-
aftnefs in the Languages of thofe Parts. And there*
nfore He vras furprifed with the Notice of this Afiair,
and prefendy exprefied his Diflike of it, and told his
M^efty ^Uhat He would be exceedingly deceived innssri^
**iti that Portugal was poor, and not able to pay the ^ifsjiSh
*• Portion They had promifed. That now it was for^ AmhjkAiir
^faken by Francej Spain would overrun and reduce itJ^^JJ^i^
" in one Year ;** enlarging upon the great Preparations
which were made for that Expedition, "of which Don
•* Lewis de Haro himfelf would be General, and was
••fure of a great Party in Portugal itfelf, that was
•• weary of that Government : So that that mifcrable
"Family had no Hope, but by tranfporting them-
*• felvcs and their poor Party in their Ships to BraJiL,
" and their other large Territories in the Eaft-Indies^
•* which were poflefled only by Portuguefes^ who might
" polfibly be willing to be fubjeft to them. And that
^* this was fo much in the View of all Men, that it
•*was all the Care Spain had to prevent it/* The
King did not inform him, that He had concluded any
Thing, and that the Ambafladour was gone for more
ample Powers to fatisfy his Majefty, that all that was
promifed fliould be performed.

Th e Earl, who valued himfelf upon his great Fa-
culty in obftrudting and puzzling any Thing that was

Vol. II. M agreed

ida y^^ Continuation of the Life of

agreed upon, and in contriving whereof He had not
Hand, repaired to the Spanijb Ambafladour, and in-
formed him, under Obligation of Secrecy, of what;
'Treaty the King was entered upon with P^lt^^l by^
the Advice of the Chancellor ; which He hoped " that
^ They two fliould find feme Means to break/* But
the Ambaffadour^s Breaft was not large enough to coo-*
tain that Secret. He talked of it in all Places with
great Paffion, and then took it up as from common
Report, and fpake to the King of it, and faid, " lb«
•* Portugal Ambafladour had in his Vanity bragged of
^^ it to fome CatMicks^ and promifed them great Things
•* upon it ; none of which He was confident could bo
♦* true, and that his Majefty could never be prevaUcd
^ with to con&nt to fuch a Treaty, which would prove
** ruinous to himfelf and his Kingdom; for the Kiog
^ of Spain could not but relent it to fuch a Degree*
^ as would bring great Inconvenience to his AflSurs,*
And his Majefty forbearing to give him any Anfwer,
at leaft not fuch a one as pleafed him, his Rage tranf-
ported him to undervalue the Perfon of the InfafU/k
He faid, ^* She was deformed, and had many Difeafes ;
^' and that it was very well known in Portngal and io
_ •' Spain^ that She was incapable to bear Children ^P
and many Particulars of that Nature.

Wh e n He had faid the fame Things feveral Days
«o the King, the Earl of Brijiol took his Turn again;
and told the King other Things which the Ambafla*"
dour had communicated to him in Truft, and which
He durft not prefume to fay to his Majefty, and which
in Truth He had faid himfelf, being concerning the
Perfon of the Infanta^ and her Incapacity to have Chil-^
dren j upon which He enlarged very pathetically^ and
&id, " He would fpeak freely with the Chancellor of
^' it, upon whom the ill Confequences of this Counfel
** would fall** He told him, "there were masij
** beautiful Ladies in Italy^ of the greateft Houfes |
" and that his Majefty might take his Choice of them»
^ and the King of Spain would give a Portion with

"her.

£dwar]> Earl of Clarehdos, &c. ^6%

♦* her, as if She were a Daughter of Sp(un -, and the
^ Kinff fhould many her as fuch/' And the Ambafia^
dour moitly after propofed the fame Thing, and en-
higed much upon it. And both the Earl and the Am-
baflklour conrcrred with the Chancellor (concealing
the Propofitions They had made concerning the Itaiidn ^
Ladies ) ^^ as of a Matter the Town talked of and ex-
^ ceedingly difliked, the more becaufe it was generally
^ known, that that Princefs could not have any ChiU
^ dren.** The King himfelf had informed the Chan*
(i7)CcUor of all that pafled from the Ambafladour, and of
ius Ruden^s towards the Infanta^ and his declaring
that She could have no Children ; and told him, ^^ that
^ the Earl of Brijtol refolved to confer with him, and
^ doubted not to convert him \* without feeming him^
fetf to have been moved with any Thing that th^ Am-*
bofladour or the Earl had faid to him : So that wheft
They Both came afterwards to him, not together but
fev^rally, and He perceiyed that his Majefty had not
to either of them imparted how far He had proceeded
( but had heard them talk as of fomewhat They had
taken up from publick Rumour, and had himfelf dif-
eouried of it as fprung from fuch a Fountain^ the
Chancellor did not take himfelf to be at Liberty to
enter into a ierious Debate of the Matter with them ;
but permitted <hem to enjoy the Pleafure of their own
Opinion, and to believe that either there had been no
Indination to fuch a Treaty, or that the Weight of
their Reaibns would quickly enervate it.

Whether the King grew lefs inclined to marry, and tuiGf^apm
fiked the Liberty He enjoyed too well to be willing to be ^J^^Li
feftrained ; or whether what had been faid to him of the tbtrnati.
hfan$a*5 Perfon and her Unaptneis for Children, had
a»de fome Imprefllon in him *, or whether the Earl
of BriftoPs defcribing the Perfons of the Italian Ladies,
Md magnifying their Converfations ( in which Argu-
ments He had naturally a very luxurious Style,' un-
limited by any Rules of Truth or Modefty) j it is not
•a be demedj that hit Majefty appeared much colder,

M 2 and

164 ^^ Continuatim tj the Life tf

and Icfs delighted to Ipeak of Portugal^ than He had
been, and would Ibmetimes wilh ^^ that the Ambafia*
^^ dour had not gone, and that He would qukkly re-
*^ turn without Commiflion to give his Majeftf Satif-
** fadtion." He fcemed to refleA upon a War with
Spain^ ^* which," He faid, ^^ could not poflTibly be
** avoided in that Alliance,'' with more Apprehenfion
than He had formerly done, when that Contingency
had been debated. All which Dilcourfes troubled the
Lords who had been trufted, verj- much, not conceiv-
ing that the AmbalTadour's frantick Difcourte could
have any Weight in it, or that the Earl of Brifd
(whofe Le\nty and Vanity was enou^ known to the
King) could make that Impreflion in him. However
it appeared, that the Earl was much more in privaie
mth him than He had ufed to be> many Hours fhut
up together-, and when the King came trom him, that
He feemed to be perplexed and lull of Thoughts.

One Morning the Earl came to the Chanccilor,
and after fome Compliments and many Proce&uioas
of his inviolable Friendlhip, He told ium, ^ He was
•*^ come to take his Leave of him for tbcne Mxtdis»
** being to begin a long Journey as loon as He iboold
'* part with him ; for He had already kilScd tize Kisgfs
*' Hand : And his Fricndihip w*ould not permit fuffi
^ to be rcferved towards him, and to keep aSecreccf
" that vaft Importance from his Kiwwiccgt* He
laid, *' that the King had heard fuch uiLUiMeiaUt
^^ Reafons agwift this Marriage with Piragaiy tfaac
*' He was firmly rdblved never more id ^»r-pr;un a
" Thought of it -, That the Spamfi} Ajmbs&daur iad
** recommended two PrinccCcs to him, wliaqit He
^' might take his Choice, of incomparable Beautr and
** all excellent Parts of Mind, who (badd be csuaxwod
^as a Daughter of Spain by that Kisg^ ra wham
**They were allied," and fo named t£ieluftiii& He
iaid, ^ this Difcourle had prevailed yctt ar upon am
^ King, as a Thing that could raife no TcBiiudes in
^Franu^ with whom He dcfired fo to &«» tiiacHt

Ed WARD. JStfr/ ^/^ Clarendon, G?r. 165

** might be fare to have Peace in his own Dominionis.
** There was only one Thing in which He defired to
** be better fatisficd, which was the Perfons, Beauties
** and good Humours of the Princefles •, and that He
'* had fo good an Opinion of his Judgment, that He
"was confident if He faw them. He would eafiijr
l»)^ know whether either of them were like to plcafe his
^Magefty; and would fo far truft him, that if He
**.did believe, knowing his Majefty fo well as He did;
** that one of them would be grateful. He fhould carry
** Power with him to propound and conclude a Treaty^
•* which,'* He faid, "He carried with him, and like-
**.wife other Letters, upon which He ftiould firft find
"fuch Accefs and Admiflion, as would enable him to
^ judge of their Nature and Humour as well as of
"their Beauty.** He feemed much tranfported with
the great Truft repofed in him, and with the Affu-
ranee that He ftiould make the King and Kingdom
happy. And He faid, "one Realon, befides his
" Friendfhip, that had made him impart this grear
"Secret, was a Prefumption, that now He knew how
"far his Majefty was difpofcd and in Truth engaged
" in this Particular, He would not do any Thing to
"crofs or interrupt the Defign.'* The Chancellor,
enough amazed, by fome Queftions found He was
utterly uninformed, how far the King ftood engaged
in Portugal ; and knowing the incredible Power the
Earl had over himfelf, to make him believe any
Thing He had a Mind fliould be true. He ufed little
more Difcourfe with him than " to wifti him a good
;" Journey.**

' Up o N the firft Opportunity He told the King all
that the Earl had faid to him -, with which his Ma-
jefty feemed not pleafed, as expefting that the Secret
ihould have been kept better. He did not diflemble
kis not wifliing that the Treaty with Portugal might
feccced ; and confefled, " that He had fent the Earl
" oiBriftol to fee fome Ladies in Italy^ who were high-
^ by extolled by the Spani/b Ambaffadour/* but denied

M 3 that

1 66 7be^ Continuation of tie Life of

that He had given him fuch Powers as He bragged
of. The Chancellor thereupon alked him, *' whether
** He well remembered his Engagement, which He
•* had voluntarily made; and without any Body's Per-
•* fuafion, to the King and Queen Regent-,** and dc*
fired him ^' to impart his new Refolution to the Lortb
«* who were formerly trufted by him. That probabl]^
<^ He might find good Reaibn and juft Arguments to
** break off the Treaty with Portngal ; which ought
«* to be firft done, before He embarked himfelt in
•• another : Otherwife that He would fo for expofe hit
^* Honour to Reproach, that all Princes would ht
^^ afraid of entering into any Treaty with him.** Thii
was every Word of Perfuafion, that He then or ever af-
ter ufed to him upon this Affair ; nor did it at thatTinite
feem to make any Impreffion in him. However He
fent for the Lord Treafurer, and conferred at large
with him and the Lord Marquis of Ormond. And
finding them exceedingly furprifed with what He had
done, and that They gave the fame and other ftronget
Arguments againft it than the other had done, hi^
• Majefly feemed to recoiled himfelf, and to think, that,
whatever Refolution He ftiould think fit to take ift
the End, He had hot chofen the belt Way and Me-
thod of proceeding towards it ; and refolvcd to call
the Earl back, " which,** He faid, " He could in-
•* fallibly do by Sir Kenelm Digby^ who knew how to
?* fend a Letter to him, before He had proceeded far-
^* ther in his Journey, it having been before agreed,
" that He Ihould make a Halt in fuch and fuch Places,
^' to the End that He might be advertifed of any ne^
*' Occurrences." And his Majefty did write the fame
Night to him " to return, becaufe it was neceffary to
f*have fome more Conference with him/* And the
I^etter was fent by Sir Kenelm Digby^ and probably re-
peived by the Earl in Time. But He continued his
Journey into Italy ; and after his Return pretended not
to have, received that Letter, or any other Order to
return, till it was too late, bcmg at th^t Titpe entered

upoq

Edward Earl e?^ Clarendon, fiSf. ii>j

upon the Borders or Confines of Italy ; in which He
had not the good Fortune to be believed,
I«9) The Ambaffadour ot Portugal difpatched his Voyagii ^ p«^-
with more Expedition than could have been expefted, JS^^'^^
Und returned, as He believed, with at lead as full Sa- amtjic^idif
cisfaAion to all Particulars as could be expefl:ed ; but ""^'^
found his Reception with fuch a Coldnefs, that ftruck
Ihe poor Gentleman ( who was naturally hypochon-
driacK) to the Heart : nor could He be informed from
whence this Diftcmper proceeded. And therefore lit
fbrb^e to deliver his Letters, which He thought might
motie expofe the Honour of his Mafter and Miftrcft
toContenipt, and remained quietly in his Houfe, with-
out demanding a fecond Audience -, until He could
iby ibme Way or other be informed what had fallei
«ut fince his Departure, that could raife thofe CloiidS
^hich aj^eared in every Man's Looks, He faw th6
5^«^ Ambafladour exceedingly exalted with the Pride
rf having put an infolent Affront upon the Ambafla-
dour from France^ which coft his Mafter dear, and
beard that He had bragged loudly of his having
broken the Treaty of Portugal. And it is very true^
that He did every Day fomewhat either vainly or in^-
iblently, that gave the King Offence, or leffened the
Opinion He bad of his Difcretion, and made hint
ivithdraw much of that Countenance from him, which
He had formerly given him. This, and the Return
rf the Portugal Ambaffadour with a new Title of
Marquis de Sande (an Evidence according to the Cuftom
of tfiat Court, that He had well ferved his Mafter in
his Employment), put him into new Fury ; fo that
He came to the King with new Expoftulations, and
gave him a Memorial, in which He faid *' that Hft
^* had Order from his Mafter to let his Mkjefty know^
** that if his Majefly fhould proceed towards a Mar^
** riage with the Daughter of the Duke of Braganza^
** his Matter's Rebel, He had Order to take his Leave
** prcfently, and to declare War againft him." The
X&g returned forae Iharp Anfwer prcfently to him,

and

176 5T&^ C<mtinuati(>n (f th^ Life tf

Time of the King's Reftorarion, which had deceived
;aU his Calculations, and broken all hisMeafures.
Upon his Death the Miniftry was committed to three
terfons ( the King himfelf being ftill prefent at all
their Confuliations), MonJieurDe Tellier and Mof^eurlk
Uonne^ the two Secretaries of State, and Mbnfieur Feu-
^ety Surintendant of the Finances and Procureur General
du kojy who was a Man of extraordinary Parts, and
being not forty Years of Age, enjoyed his full Vigour
of Body and Mind, and in Refpeft of his fole Power
/>ver the Finances was looked upon as the Premier
Miniftre. This Man, as foon as He was in the Bufi-
«efs, font an Exprefs into England with a Letter to the
Chancellor. The Meflenger was La Bafteede^ who
having been Secretary during the Time of his being
in England to Bordeaux whilft He was Ambaflladour,
fpake EngUjb very well. He, as foon as He arrived^
>vent to the Chancellor's Houfe, and defused one of
his Servants to let his Lord know, "that He was
** newly come from France^ and that He defifed td
" be admitted to a private Audience with hifn, where
♦* Nobody elfe might be prefent :" And fo He was
Jbrought into a Backroom, whither the Chancellot
came to him \ to whom He prefented a Letter direfted
to him from Monfieur Fouquet. The Letter after gene-
ral Compliments took Notice "of the great Truft He
** had with his Matter ; land that He being how ad-
** mitted to a Part of his Matter's moft fecret Afikirs,
** and knowing well the ASeftion that was between
*' the two Kings, much defired to hold a clofc and
*' ftcret Correfpondence together, which He prefumed
** would be for the Benefit of Both their Matters.'*
The reft contained only a Credential, " that He ttiouki
" give Credit to all that the Bearer Ihould fay, who
** was a Perfon entirely trufted by him." And thenfjr
He entered upon his Difcourfe , confifling of thcfc
Parts :

(I.) '' That the King of France was troubled to
** hear, that there was fome ObflTU(5lion fallen out \n

« the

Edward Earl ^Clarendon, G?r. 171

** the Treaty with Portugal \ and that it would be HSmtjt^'a-
** very generous Thing in his Majefty to undertake^Jj^|J^2^,
^ the Proteftion of that Crown, which if it fhould fallsTF"
^ into the Pofieflion of Spain^ would be a great Da^
^ mage and a gi^at Shame to all the Kings in Europe.
•* That himfelf had heretofore thought of marrying
^* the Infanta of that Kingdom, who is a Lady of great
** Beauty and admirable Endowments -, but that his
^ Mother and his then Minifter, and indeed all other
•* Princes, fo much defired the Peace between the
" Croirns, that He was diverted from that Defign.
^ And that for the perfecting that Peace and his Mar-
** riage with Spainj He had been compelled to defert
*• Portf^al for the prefent •, and was obligied to fend no
" Kind of Afliftance thither, nor to receive any Am-
*• bafladour from thence, nor to have any there : All
" which He could not but obferve for fome Time.
*• But that Portugal was well affured of the Continu-
•«ance of his AfFedion, and that He would find
•* fome Opportunity by one Way or other to preferve
** it. That He forefaw that his Majefty might not be
•* provided fo foon after his Return, in Regard of his
** other great Expenfcs, to diiburfe fuch a Sum of
*^ Money, as the fending a vigorous Affiftance, which
**was neceflary, would require. But for that He
•* would take Care ; and for the prefent caufe to be
** pud to his Majefty three hundred thoufand PiftoleSj
** which would defray the Charge of that Summer's
** Expedition ; and for the future, Provifion fhould
** be made proportionable to the Charge :** And con-
cluded, "that He believed the King could not beftow
•• himfelf better in Marriage, than with the Infanta of
^Portugal:'

(2.) A SECOND Part was, " That there were now
•* in France Ambafladours from the States of the United
^ProvmceSy and the like in England^ to renew the
^ Alliance with Both Crowns ; which They hoped to
^ do upon the difadvantageous Terms They had ufed
f' tQ obtain it. That cbofe People were grown too

** proud

lyz ^Tbe Continuation of the Life of

•* proud and infolent towards all their Neighbours, and
** treated all Kings as if They were at leaft their Equals :
** That France had been ill ufed by them, and was fcn-
" fible of it ; and that the King had not been much
** beholden to them." And therefore He propofed,
*' that Both Kings upon this Occafion would fo con-
** municate their Counfels, that They might reduce
*' that People to live like good Neighbours, and
**with more good Manners ; and that They would
** treat folely and advance together, and that the One
"ihould promife not to conclude any Thing with-
" out communicating it to the other : So that Both
. ** Treaties might be concluded together."

(3.) "That thofe Particulars, and whatfoevcr pafled
** between M. Fouqutt and , the Chancellor, might be
** retained with wonderful Secrecy ; which it wOuld not
** be, if it were communicated to the Queen or the
** Earl of St. Albans** ( who were at that Time in
France) : *^ And therefore his Chriftian Miyefty defi-
" red, that neither of them Ihould know ot this Cor-
** refpondence, or any Particular that pafled by it/*

When the Gentleman had finifhed his Difcourfe,
the Chancellor told him, ** that He knew M Fouquet
** to be fo wife a Man, that He would not invite or
** enter into fuch a Correfpondence, without the Pri-
*' vity and Approbation of his Mafter : And He prc-
** fumed that He had likewife fo good an Opinion of
*' him, as to believe, that He would firft inform his
" Majefty of all that He received from him, before
** He would return any Anfwer himfelf. That \it{p
** would take the firft Opportunity to acquaint the
" King his Mafter -, and if He would come the next
" Day at the fame Hour** (which was about Four in
the Afternon) " to the fame Place, He would return
« his Anfwer/*

The King came the next Day before the Hour af-
figiied to the Chancellor's Houfe. And when He heard
the Gentleman was come, his Majefty vouchfafed him-
felf to go into that Backroom i and (the Chancellor

telling

Edward Earl ^/^ Clare ndow> Gfr. 173

telling the other, " that He fhould be Witnefs to his
*'Majefty's Approbation of his Correfpondence**),
took Notice of the Letter He had brought, and aiked
many kind Quellions concerning M. Fouquet^ who was
known to him, and told him " that He was very
" well pleafed with the Correfpondence propofed ; and
"that the Chancellor Ihould perform his Part very
** punftually, and with the Secrecy that was defired ;
** and that He would give his own Word, that the
** Queen and the Earl of St. Albans Ihould know No-
^' thing that fhould pafs in this Correfpondence:"
Which the Chancellor obferving with the Fidelity He
ought to do, and this coming after to be known, it
kindled a new Jealoufy and Difpleafure in the Queen,
that was never afterwards extinguilhed. The King*^<*rf»
told him " He would upon the Encouragement and f^ '"^
5*Promife of the French King, of the Performance
" whereof He could make no Doubt, proceed in the
" Treaty with Portugal ; and give that Kingdom the
" beft Afliftance He could, without beginning a War
" with Spain. That for the Treaty with Holland^ which
" was but newly begun" ( for the States who had made
Choice of and nominated their AmbafTadours before
the King left the Hague^ did not fend them in near
fix Months after ; which his Majefty looked upon as a
great Difrefpeft ), " He would comply with what the
** King defired ; and that his Chriftian Majefty fhould
**from Time to Time receive an Account how it
" Ihould advance, and that He would not conclude
** any Thing without his Privity." How ill Both thefe
Engagements which related to Portugal and Holland
were afterwards obferved by France^ is fit for another
Difcourfe by itfelf. The Gentleman, much iatisfied
with what the King had faid, propofed " that He
** would make a Cipher againft the next Day to be left
** in the Chancellor's Hand ; becaufc M Fouquet de-
** fired, for Prefervation of the Secret, that the Chan-
ts cellor would always write with his own Hand in
$* Englijb^ direftcd in fuch a Manner as He fliould

" pro-

lyj^. ^Tbe CMimuUien of ibi Life rf

<* propofe ; which would alwajrs bring die Letters fafil
<^ to the Hands of him. La Bajtetdiy who was appoint-
** ed by the King to keep that Cipher, to maintaiii
•• that Corrclpondcncc."
jhhfmtt^ ' Th £ &B was another Circumftance that attended
^db"^' this private Negotiation, that niay not be unfitly in-
jh^^T^fertcd here, and is a fufficicnt Manifcftadon of the In-
tegrity of the Chancellor, and how far He was firom
being that corrupt Perfon, which his moft corrupt
Enemies would have him thought to be. The next
Morning after He had feen the King, La Baftndi came
again, and defired an Audience with the Chancellor.
He faid, ^* He had fomewhat elfe in his Inftruffcions to
** fay, which He had hot yet thought fit to ofler.*
And from thence He entered in a confufed Manner to
enlarge ** upon the great Power, Credit and Genero-
^^ fity of Af. Fouque$y the Extent of his Power and Of-
^ iice, that He could difburfe and ifTue great Sums of
** Money without any Account fo much as to the
•*Klng himfelf; without which Liberty, the King
^ knew many fecrct Services of the higheft Import-
**ance could not be performed." He faid, **He
^^ knew the Streights and Neceffities, in which the
" Chancellor and others about the King had lived for
^ many Years : And though He was now returned
•• with much Honour, and in great Truft with his
** Mafter ; yet He did fuppofe He might be fomcr^
^'Time without thofe Furnitures of Houfhoklftuff
•• and Plate, which the Grandeur of his Office and
"Place required. And therefore that He had fent
•* him a Prcfent, which in itfelf was but fmall, and
** was only the Earneft of as much every Year, which
•' (hould be conftandy paid, and more, if He had
** Occafion to ufe it ; for M. Fouquet did not look upon
•* it as of Moment to himfelf But He knew well the
•* Faftion in all Courts, and that He muft have many
•* Enemies ; and if He did not make himfelf Friendls
" by Afts of Generofity and Bounty, He muft be op-
" prcflcd i and that He had dcfigned this Supply only

**to

Edwari> Earl of Clarendon, Gfr. 175

« to that Purpofe/* He (hewed him then Bills of Ex-
change and Credit for the Sum of ten thoufand Pounds
Sterlhgy to be paid at Sight : And faid, " that He had
^ been with the Merchant^ who would be ready to
'^ pay it thac Afternoon ; fo that whoever He would
'* pleafc to appoint Ihould receive it.** The Chancel-
lor had heard him with much Indignation ; ' apd an-4
fwcred him warmly, " that if this Correfpondence muft
''cxpofe him to fuch a Reproax:h, He fhould unwil-
" iiogly enter into it ; and wifhed him to tell M. Fw^
" jwr/, that He would only receive Wages from his
« own Mailer.** The Gentleman fq little looked for a
Rcfiilal, that He would not underftand it ; but per-t
Gfted ta know ^' who Ihould receive the Money^
^ which,** He faid, '^ fhould be pakl in fuch a Man«
^ner, that the Peifon whp paid it fhould ntvtr Vjnam
^to whom it was paid ; and that it fhould always re*
^main a Secret ;** ftiU prefling it with Importunity,
tiU the other went with manifeft Anger out of thd
Room.

That A^ernoon the King and Duke ( who wm
likewife informed of the Correfpondence) came to tho
Chancellor, and found him out of Humour. Ho
tpld him, ^^ that Fouquet could not be an honefb Man;
*' and that He had no Mind to hold that Correfponv
•* dence with him ;** and thereupon repeated what had
pafied in the Morning, with much Choler : Which
made them Both laugh at him, faying, ^^ the French
^^ dki alt their Bufinefs that Way :" and the King tokl
him " He was a Fool/* implying *' that He fhould
•* take his Money.** Whereupon the Chancellor be-
fbught him ^^ not to appear to his Servants fo un*
** concerned in Matters of that Nature^ which might
^ produce ill Effedts ;** and defired him to confider;
" what the Confequence of his receiving that Money,
" with what Secrecy foever, mufjt be. That the French
** King mufl either believe that He had received it
*' without his Majefiy*s Privity, and fa look upon him
^* as a Knave fit to ba depended upoq in any Treachery
' " againft

176 7be Continuation of the Life if

^^ againfl: his Mafter •, or that it was with his Migefty's
^^ Approbation, which muft needs Icflen his Eftecm
*' of him, that He Ihould permit his Servants of the
** neareft Truft to grow rich at the Charge of another
*' Prince, who might the next Day become his Ene-
^* my.'* To which the King fmiling made no other
Reply, " than that few Men were fo fcrupulous ;"
and commanded him *' to return a civil ^nfwer to
** M. Fouquet^s Letter, and to cherifli thatCorrdpon-
** dence, which'* He faid " might be ufeful to him,
*' and could produce no Inconveniency." And fo,
when La Bafteede (who could not forbear to ufe new
Importunity with him to receive the Money, till He
found He was much offended) brought him the Cipher,
He delivered him his Letter for M. Fouquet. And the
next Week after his Return, the King of France writ
to him in his own Hand, ^' that the Correlpondence
^^ Af. Fouquit had invited him to, was with his Ma-
"jefty's Privity; and that He was well pleafedwith
** it." And fo the Correfpondence continued till that
great Man's Fall: And then the King fent all the Let-
ters which had pafied, and the Cipher, to the Chan-(9«
cellor ; and writ to him, " from that Time to com*
*' municate with all Freedom with his Ambafladour,**
which He was before reftrained from.

After the King had himfelf conferred at large

with the Portugal Ambaffadour, He referred him again

to give the Lords, with whom He had formerly treated,

an Account how all Particulars were adjufted in Par-

rbtjiiSufimtugah "which were," He faid, "in this Manner. For

^^^^ *• the Portion, the Queen Regent, having refolved

rrnny of " not to difpofe of any of the Money that was provided

^^»riagt. «t £qj. j.|^g ^^j.^ j^^j £qJ J j^^j. ^^^ Jewels, and much

** of her own Plate, and had borrowed both Plate and
*' Jewels from the Churches and Monafteries : By
** which Means She had the whole Portion ready,
•* which was all fealed up in Bags, and depofited where
•* Nobody could take it to apply to any other Ufe.
** For the Delivery of Tangier^ that the oldGgvcrnour

«(who

£d\^ar1) Earl of CiARfiNDOfN^ &e. lyy

•* (who had lived there long, and was humourous ) on ^

** whom the Queen could not confidendy depend, was

** removed ; and another fent, before He left UJlon^

**to take that Charge, who was a Creature of the

** Queen, who could not deceive her, and was fo far

** trufted, that He knew for what End He was fent

** thither, and cheerfully undertook to perform it :

" And that the Fleet which ftiould be fent for the Queen

** ihould firft go toTangieTj and take Poflcflion thereof;

** and till that fliould be delivered into his Majefty's

** Hands, the Queen fliould not embark upon the

** Rcct, nor till all the Money fliould be put on Board.

"That for the Delivery of Bon^aynij it was refolved

" likewife, that the Vice-King and Govcrnour of Goa^

"unoer whom that Ifland likewife is, fliould be forth-

** with recalled •, and that another" (whom He named},

**of whom the Queen had all Aflurance, fliould be

**fent to that high Charge, and fliould be tranfported

"thither in the Fleet which the King would fend to

" receive the Ifland, and would deliver the fame to

"die Pcrfon dcfigncd to receive it/' He added^

"diat there would be anothet Security given, greater

"than any of the reft, and fuch an one as had never

"been given before in fuch a Cafe. That the Queen

"fliould be delivered on Board the Fleet, and tranf-

" ported into England^ before She was married : Which

**was fuch a Truft as had never been repofed in

"any Prince, who, if He would break his Word,

** might put an everlafting Reproach upon their Na-

"tion/* .

Th e Caufe of this extraordinary Circumftance was
truly this. The Power of Spain was fo great in the
Court of Rome^ notwithftanding the Interpofition and
threatening Mediation of France^ (whofe Ambafl^adour
declared that Portugal fliould choofc a Patriarch, and
have no longer Depcndance upon the Pope); that nei-
ther Urban^ in whofe Reign that Kingdom fevered it-
fclf from5;ptf/», nor Innocent nor Alexander^ would ac*
knowledge the Duke of Braganza for King, nor re^
Vol. II. N ccivc

178 ^i>e Continuation of the Life of

ceive an Ambaffadour or other Miniftcr from him :
So that They how forefaw, that if They fliould in
what Manner focver demand a Difpcnfation at Rome
(without which the Marriage could not be celebrated
in Portugal)^ the Intereft 01 Spain would caufe it to be
denied, or granted in fuch a Manner as fhould be worfe
for them ; for the Queen would have been mentioned
only as the Daughter and Sifter of the Duke of Bra-
ganza. And berore They would receive that Affront,
the moft jealous and moft apprehenfive Nation in the
World chofe rather to fend the Daughter of the King-
dom to be married in Englandj and not to be married
till She came thither.
The King n. Upom the wholc Matter, the King thought not fit
{ITmT^* to make any farther Exceptions, but refolved <o af-
aindi. "^ femble his ivhole Privy Council, and to communicate
the Matter to them ; for it did remain a Secret yet, no
Man knowing or fpeaking of it. The Council was fo(9f
full, that there was only one Counfellor that was ab-
fent. The King informed them of all that bad pafTed
in that Affair, " how it was firft propofed to him, and
•* the Objeftions which occurred to him againft it ;
"for the better clearing whereof the An^af&dour
" had made a Voyage into Portugal^ and was returned
" with fuch Satisfaction to all Particulars, that He
" thought it now Time to communicate the Whole to
** them, that He might receive their Advice," He
commanded then the particular Propofitions, which
were offered by the Ambaffadour, to be reported. And
thereupon He commanded and conjured all the Lords
feverally to give him their Advice; for He faid "He
" had not yet fo firmly refolved, but that He might
" change his Mind, if He heard Reafons to move
" him : And therefore They would not deal faithfiiUy
" with* him, if They did not with all Freedom dc-
" clare their Judgment to him." In (hort, every Man
delivered his Opinion, and every One agreed in the
Opinion, " that it was very fit for his Majefty to em-
" brace the Propofitions, which were ot great Ad-

" vantage

EdwAiid jB^r/ gf Clarendon, G?r. 179

^* vantage to hhiifctf and the Kingdom •," and that their mkbunam.
Advice i^as, "that He fliould fpecdily and without ^^;^>^
•• hiDit belaj^ tehclUde the Treaty." And thereupon «^* '^ '
his KiajtAj^ faid, "th&t He looked upon fo unani-^'"*'-
^* mous a CohcUrrehcc as a good Omen, and that He
" would folTdVir thfeir Advice."

AtL khi$ ^as done between the Diflblution of theTZ^mtuP^
Parliament iri December^ and the aflembling the other ^'^^ "^
in ^^ following. And upon the firft Day of its
coming tc^cther, which was upon the eighth of May^
tht Very Day that his Majelty had been proclaimed
th* Vfc^r bfcfort, He told them " that He had deferred rte rtngU
"it a Wefek, That They might meet upon that Day/A*^*-
"for the IWehiory of the former Day." The King,
after (biiii gracious £xpreflions of his Confidence in
them, told them *' that They would find what Me-
*' flibd He thipught bert for their Proceeding, by two
" Sills ]iVhich He had caufed to be provided for them,
" Whi&h Weri for Confirmation of all that had been
^* ehl^ed in the laft Meeting;" and repeated what He
had fold to thif m when He was laft there : " That next to He prtft
" the fAitaciilous BUJptig of God Almighty, and indeed as'^['^Xet
^ HH ifimtdidle Effe£l of that Blejfmg, He did impute the of inJemni.
^^gdod iyifpbjitibh and Security They were all in, to thc^*
" ^^'Ppy -^ft of Indemnity and Oblivion : That,* his
Mijefty faid, ** ^i;^^ Ihe principal Comer-Stone thatfup-
^poftud that eocCellent Building, that created Kindnefs in
** them to eath other ; and Confidence was their joint
**and common Seciirity.** He told them, "He was
•*ftill of the fame Opinion, and more if it were
••polfible of that Opinion than He had been, by.
" the Experience He had of the Benefit of it, and
" ftpm the Unreafonablenefs of what fome Men faid
** agairift it." He defired them " to provide full Re-
** nfiedies for future Mifchiefs •, to be as fevcrc as They
^* would againft new Offenders, efpecially if They
" were fo upon old Principles > and than 1 hey would
** pull up thofe Principles by the Roots. But," his
Majefty faid, •* He fhould never think him a wile

N 2 "Man,

i8o The Continuation of the Life of

" Man, that would endeavour to undermine and ftiake
** that Foundation of the publick Peace, by infringing
** that Aft in the leaft Degree ; or that He could be
** his Friend, or wilh him well, who would perfuadc
" him ever to confent to the Breach of a Promife He
*^ had fo folemnly made when He was abroad, and had
** performed with that Solemnity after, and becaufe
** He had promifed it t And that He could not fuf-
** pcft any Attempts of that Kind by any Men of Me-
" rit and Virtue/'

And this Warmth of his Majefly upon this Sub-
ject was not then more than needed : For the Armies
being now difbanded, there were great Combinations
entered into, not to confirm the AB of Oblivum ; which (96
They knew without Confirmation would fignify Nor
thing. Men were well enough contented, that the
King ftiould grant Indemnity to all Men that had re-
belled againfl him ; that He fhould grant their Lives
and Fortunes to them, who had forfeited them to hiih:
But They thought it very unreafonable and imjuft, that
the King ftiould releale thofe Debts which were imme*
diately due to them, and forgive thofe Trefpafies which
had been committed to their particular Damage. They
could not endure to meet the fame Men in the King^s
Highway, now it was the King's Highway again,
who had heretofore affronted them in thofe Ways, be-
caufe they were not the King's, and only becaufeThey
knew They could obtain no Juftide againft them.
They could not with any Patience fee thofe Men,
who not only during the War had opprcfled them,
plundered their Houfes, and had their own adorned
with the Furniture They had robbed them of, ride
upon the fame Horfes which They had then taken
from them upon no other Pretence, but becaufc they
were better than their own ; but after the War was
ended, had committed many infolent Trefpaflcs upon
them wantonly, and to (hew their Power of Juftice of
Peace or Committee Men, and had from the loweft
Beggary raifed great Eftatcs, out of which They were

• well

Ei>wARD E^r/ 2/* Clarendon, &c. . i8i

wdl able to fatisfy, at leaft in fomc Degree, the Da-
mages the other had fuftained. And thofe and other
Faflions of this Kind, which muft have invalidated
the whole AB of Indemnity^ could not have been ex-
tio^uilhed without the King's Influence, and indeed
hb miincdiate Interpofition and Induftrjr.

W« £ H his Majefty had fooken all He thought fit Heae^mt
iq)on that Subjca, He tolcl them, "He could not;;!;^^!
** conclude without telling them fome News, News^'^^
^ that He thought would be very acceptable to them ;
^and therefore He (hould think himielf unkind and
^Hlnatured, if He (hould not impart it to them.
" That He had been often put in Mind by his Friends,
^^ that it was high Time to marry ; and He had thought
**fo himfelf, ever fince He came into England: But
** there appe^ed Difficulties enough in the Choice,
^ though many Overtures had been made to him*
** And }f He mould never marry till He could make
^fuch a Choice, again!]: which there could be no
"Forefigbt of any Inconvenience that might enfue,
**They would live to fee him an old Bachelor, which
**Hc thought They did not defire to do." He faid,
** He could now tell them, not only that He was re-
"folvcd to marry, but whom He refolved to marry,
•*if it ple^fed God. That towards his Refolution, He
^ had uied that Deliberation, and taken that Advice^
^^ that He ought to do in a Cafe of that Importance,
'* and with a full Confidcration of the Good of his
**Subje^ in general, as of himfelf. It was with the
••Daughter otPprlugal. That when He had, as well
** as He could, weighed all that occurred to himfelf,
•* the firft Refolution He took, was to ftate the whole
^Overtures which had been made j^him, and in
"Truth all that had been faid againfflJP^to his Privy
"Council; without hearing whofe Advice, He never
" did nor ever would refolve any Thing of publick
"Importance. And," He faid, " He told them with
" great Satisfadtion and Comfort to himfelf, that after
" many Hours Debate in full Council (for He thought

N 3 "there

iZz ^tbe ContinuatfM of the Life of

^^ there was not above One abfent), and He beUenred
^^ upon weighing all that could be £ud vppn tha^ Sub-
** jcd, for or againft it; the Lords, without onedif^
^* Tenting Voice, adyiied him with all iin^^ablc
" Cheemilncls to this Marriage : ^yhich He loolfea
♦* upon as very wonderful, and even ais fonjc iDflaocc
*' of the Approbation of God himfelf. That He had
^ thereupon taken, his own Refolution, z^ cojidpcted
** with the Ambal&dpur of Portugal^ who. wa& depart^Cy
*Mng with the whole Treaty figned, which They
^^ would find to contain many great Advantages to
^* the Kingdom -, and that He would mal^e alL the
** Hafte He could, to fetch them a Qjiecn hither^
** who He doubted not would bring great Blcflrngs
** with her, to him and them.''
nrfwtf The next Day the two Houfes of Parliament,

2^;^^7/' after They had exprefTed all the Joy imaginable
htiimrftt. amongft them, fent to the King, "that He would
"appoint a Time when He would admit them to
"his Prcfence:** Which when He had done. Both
tloufes of Parliament, in a Body, prefented by the
Speaker of the Houfe of Peers their humble Thanks
to his Majcfty, "for that He had vouchlafed to
" acquaint them with his Refolution to marry, which
** had exceedingly rejoiced their Hearts, and would,
" They doubted not, draw down God's Blelling upon
" his Majefty and the Kingdom.*' Shortly after, the
Fleet was made ready, and the Earl of Sandwich Ad-
miral thereof was likewife made Ambafladour to Per-
tuga!^ and appointed to receive the Queen, and to con*
dud her into England,

This was the whole Proceeding, from the Begins
niiig to the End of that Treaty about the Marriage
of the King » Jljf the whole Circumftances whereof it
is apparent eimgh, that no particular Corruption in
^ny fingle Perfon could have brought it to pafs in that
Manner, gnd that the Chancellor never propofed it,
nor heard of it but from the King himlelf, nor ad-
vj;uged it afterwards more than every One of the other

Lords

Edward JS^r/^ Clarendon, &c. rSj

Lords did ; and if He had done lefs, He could nei-
thfer have been thought a prudent or an. honeft Man :^
To which no more mall be added, than that neither
before or in the Treaty, or after the Marriage^ ^t
t7^ rec^eived the leaft Reward or the leaft Prefent from

DtrRiNG the Interval of Parliament,' the King had ^^t; BmM>/a
ittftde Choice of many very eminent and learned Men, '^^'^'
who ¥rcre confecrated to fome of the Sees of Biftiops
which were void -, that the Prefervat;ion of the Sue-
ceflkm might not depend upon the Lives- of the few
BKhc^s who remained, and who were all very aged :.
Which could not have been done fooner, nor till the
other Parliament, to whom the Settlement of thd
Church had been referred, was diffolved. Nor could
Hfe yet give any Remedy to the Licenfe in the Prac-
rice erf Religion, which in all Places was full of Scan-
dal and Diforder, becaufe theUtur^ was not yet finifh-
c3; till when, the Indulgence by his Declaration was
not to be reftrained. But at the fame Time that He
iflued out his Writs for convening the Parliament, He
had likewife fent Summons to the Bifhops, for the ^^w^-^v^w
Meeting of the Clergy in Convocation, which is the-'^''^''"'' .
legal Synod in England-^ againft the Coming toge-
ther whereof the Liturgy would be finiflied, which
his Majefty intended to fend thither to be examined,
debated and confirmed. And then He hoped to pro-
vide, with the Afliftance of the Parliament, fuch a
Settlement in Religion, as would prevent any Difor-
der in the State upon thofe Pretences. And it was
very neceflary to lofe no Time in the Profecution of
that Cure ; for the Malignity againft the Church ap-
peared to increafe, and to be greater than it was upon
the Coming in of the King.

The old Biftiops who remained alive, and fuch
Deans and Chapters as were numerous enough for the
Corporation, who had been long kept fafting, had
now Appetites proportionable. Moft of them were
very poor, and had undergone great Extremities;

fome

184 The Continuation of the JLife of

fomc of the Bifhops having Aipported thcmfyres and
their Families by teaching Schools, and fubmittiDg to
the like low Condefcenfions : And others (aw, that if
They died before They were enabled to make fimic
Provifion for them, their Wives and Chikiren muft
unavoidably ftarve -, and therefore They made HafteCsQ
tp enter upon their own. And, now an Ordinance of
Parliament had not Strength enough to batter an A&
of Parliament, They called their old Tenants to Ac-r
count for I^ent, amd to renew their Eflates if They
had a Mind to it ; for moft old Leafes were expired
in the long Continuance of the War, and the old
Tenants had been compelled either to purchafe a new
Bight and Tide from the State (when the Ordinance
was pafTed for taking ^way all Bifliops, Deans and
Chapters, and for felling all the Lands which belonged
to them), or to |ell their prefenp Eftjites to thofc, who
had purchafed the Reverfion and the Inheritance there-
of: So that both tjie one and the other, the old Te-
nants and the new Purch^rs, repaired to the true
Owners as foon as the King was rcflbrcd ; the former
cxpcdling to be rcftored again to the Pofleifion of what
They had fold, under an unreafonable Pretence of a
Tenant Right (as They called it), becaufe there re-
gained yet ( as in many Cafes there did ) a Year or
fomc other Term of their old Leafes unexpired, and
becaufe They had oyt of Confcience forborne to buy
the Inheritance of the Church, which was firft offered
to them. And for the Refufal thereof, and fuch a
reafpnable Fine as was ufual. They hoped tp have a
new Lcafe, and tp be readmitted to be Tenants to the
Church. The other, the Pui chafers (aiiiongft which
there were fome very 'ntamous Perfons), appeared as
confident, and did not think, that according to the
Clemency th?t was praAifed towards all Sorts of Men,
i^ could be thqught Juftice, that They fhould lofc the
entire Sum They had difburfcd upon the Faith of that
Government, which the whole Kingdom fubmittcd to \
l}Ut th^t Th7 ihould, ii^acad of the Inheritance They

had

Edwaro Earl g/* Clarendon, &c. 185

had an ill Tide to, have a good Leafe for Lives or
Years granted to them by them who had now the
Kight; at leaft, that upon the old Rent and moderate
FinesThey fliould be continued Tenants to the Church,,
^thout any Regard to thofe who had fold both their.
Pofl^ion, and with that all the Right or Title that
They might pretend to, for a valuable Confideration.
And They had the more Hope of this, becaufe the
King had granted a Commiflion, under the Great Seal'
i3iE$^landl to fome Lords of the Council and to other
ctainent Perfons, to interpofe and mediate with the
Kihops and Clergy in fuch Cafes, as ought not to be
piofecuted with Rigour.

But the Bifliops and Cler^^ concerned had not^^^j'"*^^
the good Fortune to pleafe their old or their new Te- X Bi^
nants. They had been very barbaroufly ufcd them- ^^^^^
iivc%% and that had too much quenched all Tender-
oefs towards others. They did not enough diftinguifh
between Peribns i Nor did the Suffering any Man had
undergone for Fidelity to the King, or his Affedion
to the Church eminently exprefled, often prevail for
the Mitigation of his Fine ; or if it did lometimcs,
three or four Stories of the contrary, and in which
there had been fome unreafonable Hardnefs ufed, made
a greater Noife and fpread farther, than their Exam-
ples of Charity and Moderation. And as honeft Men
did not ufually fare the better for any Merit, fo the
Purchafers who offered moft Money, did not fare the
Mrfe for all the Villanies They had committed. And
two or three unhappy Inftances of this Kind brought
Randal upon the wnole Church, as if They had been
ail guilty of the fame Excefles, which They were far
from. And by this Means the new Biffiops, who did
pot all follow the Precedents made by the old, under-
went the fame Reproaches : And many of them who
h^ moft adhered to their Order, and for fo doing had
undergone for twenty Years together fundry Perfecu-
tions and Oppreflions, were not in their prefent Paflion
fo much pleafbd wiU* the rencwmg it, as. They ex-

pciSlcd

1 86 Tbf Continuatiofi of the Life of

pefted to have beea. Yet upon a very ftriA Exami-(9,]
nation of the true Grounds of all thofe Mifjprifions
(except fome few Iiiftances which cannot be defended),
there will be found more Paffion than Juftice in them}
and that there was* even a Neoeflity to raile as much
Money a$ could be* juftly done>. for the repairing the
Cathedrals, which were all miferably ruinated or de-
uced; and for the entirely building up many Houfes
of the-Pcebends, which had been pulled down or let
f^ to the Grounds And thofe Ways much more of
thofe Monies which were railed by Fines were ifllied
and expended, than what went into the private Purfes
of them, who had a Right to them, and had Need
enough of them* But the Time began to be froward
agam, and all Degrees of Men were hard to be
pleafed ; efpecially when They faw one Claffis of Men
reflored to more than They had ever lof^ and pre-
ferred to a Plenty They had never befen acquainted
with, whilft thexnfelveS remained remedilefs after fo
many Sufferings, and withdut any other Teftimonv of
their Courage and Fidelity, than in the Ruin of tneir
Fortunes, and the Sale ot their Inheritance.
^ibe King' I Another great Work was performed, between
the DiiTolution of the lad and the Beginning of the
next Parliament, which was the Ceremony of the
King's Coronation •, and was done with the greateft
Solemnity and Glory, that ever any had been feen in
that Kingdom. That the Novelties and new Inven-
tions, with which the Kingdom had been fo much in-
toxicated for fo many Years together, might be dif-
countenanced and difcredited in the Eyes of the People,
for the Folly and Want of State thereof; his Majefty
had direfted the Records and old Formularies fhould
be examined, and thereupon all Things fhould be pre-
pared, and all Forms accuftomed be ufed, that might
add Luftre and Splendour to the Solemnity. A Court
of Claims was ere6led, where before the Lords Com-
miffiones for tliat Service, all Peilbns made Claim to
tlofe Privileges and Precedency, which They con-
ceived

C$rot:Mun,

Edv^ARP Eart of ClaRenpon, (Sc. 187

ceivcc) to be due to their Perfonjs,. or tkc Offices of
which Th^y were po^flcd^ in the Ceremony of the
Coronation ; which were allowed or rqefted as their

A >¥F ^$^1^ ^^^ ^y ^ ^^ Morning to the l^ower
q£ L^idm i^ his Coach, mpffc of the LQnd$ bein^ there
bc&j:e. Aa4 about ten qf the Clock They let for-
vajDd XQyiZf^fVbittball^ raDgedin that Ocder as the
HeraUU had appointed v thofe of the Long Bobe» the
King's Council at Law, thft Mafter$ of the Chancery,
vA J^udges>, gpipg^ fffOti and fo the Lords in theip
Order, very fplc^^didly habited^ on rich. Footdoths ;
the NuipbeF of their Foopinefl being limited^ to the
Dukes ten, to the Earls eight,, and tOithe.Vifcounts
fix, and the Barons, four* all. richly cla4 as their other
Servants were. The whok Shew was. the moft glori*
ous in the Order and Expenfe, that had been ever
lecn in EttgUmd^^ They who rode firft being in Fleet*
fireet wthen the King ifTuediOut of theTVu^rr, as was
koqwp by the Difcharge of the Ordnance : Aiidit was
near three of the Clock in the Afternoon, when the
King alighted uWHtfbalL The next Morning the
King rode in the fame State in his Robes and with his
Crown on his Head) and all the Lords in their Robes,
to IVeftminfter-Hall -, where all the Enfigns for the Co-
ronation were delivered to thofewho were appointed to
carr}' them, the Earl of Nortbumlerland being made
High Conftable, and the Earl <£ Suffolk Earl Marfhal,
for the Day. And then aU the Lords in their Order,
and tlie King himfelf, walked on Foot upon blue Cloth
itomfVeftminfter-Hall to the Abbey Cburcbj where after
a Sermon preached by Dr. Marky (then Bifhop of IVor-
(tfier) ia Henry the Srjenib's CbapeL, the King was fworn,
crowned and anointed, by Dr. 7«x^» Archbilhop of
^]Canterbu7y^ with ajl the Solemnity that in thofe Cales
had been ufcd. All which being done, the King re-
turned in the fame Manner on Foot to fVefiminJler-
Hall, which was adorned with rich Hangings and
Statues ^ and there the King dined, and the Lords

on

1 88 ' l^'be Continuation of the Life of

on cither Side at Tables provided for them : And all
other Ceremonies were performed with great Order
and Magnificence.
^vfmAi&f I SHOULD not havc enlar^d thus much upon the
^|j^. Ceremony of the Coronation, it may be not mentioned
unmiu it ( a perfeft Narration having been then made and
publifhed of it, with all the Grandeur and Magnifi-
cence of the City of London)^ but that there were two
Accidents in it, the one abfolutely new, the other that
produced (bme Inconveniences which were not then
difcerned. The firft was, that it being the Cuftom in
thofe great Ceremonies or Triumphs of State, that the
Mailer of the King's Horfe, (who was always a great
Man, and was now the Duke of Memarle^ the Ge-
neral} rides next after the King, with a led Horfe in
his Hand : In this Occafion the Duke oiTork privately
prevailed with the King, who had not enough Reve-
rence for old Cuftoms, without any Confultarion, that
his Mafter of his Horfe ( fo He was called), Mr. Jer-
myfty a younger Brother of a very private Gentleman's
Family, (hould ride as near his Perfon, as the General
did to his Majefty, and lead a Horfe likewile in his
Hand ; a Thing never heard of before. Neither in
Truth hath the younger Brother of the King fuch an
Officer as Mailer or his Horfe, which is a Term
reftrained within the Family of the King, Queen,
and Prince of ff^ales -, and the two Mafters of the
Horfe to the Queen and Prince are fubordinate to the
King's Mafter of his Horfe, who hath the Jurifdic-
tion over the other. The Lords were exceedingly
furprized and troubled at this, of which They heard
Nothing till They faw it -, and They liked it the worfc,
bccaufe They difcerned that it iflued from a Foun-
tain, from whence many bitter Waters were like to
flow, the Cuftoms of the Court of France^ whereof
the King and the Duke had too much the Image in
their Heads, and than which there could not be a Co-
py more univcrlally ingratcful and odious to the En-
^lijb Nation.

Thi

Edward Eaf^I gjf* Ciarsndon, &c. 189

Th b other was : In the Morning of the Corona^^
tion, whilft They fate at the Table in H^iftmnfter-Hall^
to fee the many Enfigns of the Coronation delivered
to thole Lords who were appointed to carry them^
^Esj[l oS Ntrtbumberland^ who was that Day High
Coofiable, came to the King and (old him, *^that
^amongft the young Noblemen who were appointed
**tD carry the feveral Parts of the King's Mantle, the
^Lord OJffTj^ who was the eldeft Son to the Duke
*^of Ormcndy challenged the Place before the Lord
^Pircy^ who was his eldeft Son ; whereas," He faid,
^ the Duke of Ormond had no Place in the Ceremony
"of that Day, as Duke, but only as Earl of Breck^
^nociy and fo the eldeft Sons of all ancienter Earls
"ought to take Place of his eldeft Son ;'* which was
lb known a Rule, and of fo general a Concern-
ment, that the King could not choofe. but declare it,
and fend a Meftage to the Lord OJfbty by the Lord
Chamberlain, ^^ that He ifhould deftft from his Pre-
** tence." This, and the public Manner of afking and
determining it, produced two ill Efiefts. The firft,
ajealoufy and illUnderftanding between the two great
Families : The One naturally undervaluing and con-
temning his Equals, without paying much Regard to
his Superiours j and the other not being ufed to be con-
temned by any, and well knowing that all the Advan^
tages the Earl had in England, either in Antiquity or
Fortune, He-had the fame in Ireland, and that He had
merited and received an Incrcafe of Title, when the
")other had deferved to lofe that which He was born to.
The other, was a Jealoufy and Prejudice that it raifed
in the Nobility of England^ as if the Duke of Ormond
(who in Truth knew Nothing of it) had entered upon
that Conteft, in Hope that by his Intereft in the King,
He (hould be able to put this eternal Affront upon
the Peers of England^ to bring them upon the fame
Level with thofe of Ireland, who had no fuch Efteem.
And it did not a little add to their Envy, that He
had behaved himfclf fo 'worthily throughout the ill

Times,

100 The Contintuitton efibeLife bf

Times, that He was the Objeft of an \xtAvtt(A Rtve-
rence at home and abroad; which was a Reproach t6
moit <£ them, whofe Anions would not bear thi
Light. But as the Duke was not in the leaft Degrk6
privy to the particular Cohoeft, nor *aifed the Value
of himfelf from any Merit in his Senr]%5( nor utider^-
valued others upon the Advantage of their having
done amifs ; fo He was abundandy fatisfied iri the 1>£
timony of his own Confcience^ and in \a% unqileftioh-
able Innocence, and from thence too much defpifed
the Prejudice and the Envy the Others had towards
him, the. Marks whereof He wai compelled after-
wards to bear, which He did with the fanie Magna-
nimity.
Ajohmnin- Beforb We proceed farther in the Relation of
^^^J;J^ what was afterwards done, it will not bfc Unfeafonable
tended, in this Place to give an Account of lbttie#hat that
was not done, and which was generally eiroefted td
have been done, and as geherally cehfur^^d becaufe it
was not ; the Reafon whereof is known to veiy few.
The King had refolved before his Coming into £»f-
kndy that as foon as He fliould be fettled in any Con-
dition of Security, and no juft Apprehenlion of fu-
ture Troubles, He would take up and remove the
Body of his Father, the laft King, from IVindfor^ and
inter it with all Solcmnitjr at JVeftminfter \ and that thd
Court ihould continue m Mourning till the Corona-
tion. And many good People thought this h necef-
fary, that They were much troubled that it was not
done, and liked not the Reafons which were given,
which made it appear that it had been confidered. Tht
Reafons which were given in publick Difcourfes from
Hand to Hand, were two. The firft ; that now ten
Years were paft fince that woful Tragedy, and the Joy
and the Triumph for the King's Return had compofed
the Minds of the People, it would not be prudent to
renew the Memory of that Parricide, by the Spcdbtclc'
of a folemn Funeral ; left it might caufe fuch Com-
nsotions of the Vulgar in all Places, as might pro-
duce

Edward Earl of ChAtLtuDoi^i &c. 191

duce great Diforders and Infurredions amongft thofe

who had formerly ferved the Kingdom) as if it were

a gpod Seaibn and a new ProvQcatioo tp take Revenge

upon their Neighbours who had formerly tyranoifed

over them i which might likewife have caufed the Sol<*

diers, who were newly difbandedt to draw themfelves

together for their own Security : And fo the Peace

ivould be at leail difturbed. The other was ; that to

ficrform this Interment in any private Mannc r» would

be liable to very juft Cenfure, when all Things relating

to die King himfelf had fhewed fo magnificendy ; and

if it were done with the ufual Pomp of a folemn In^

tennent of a King, the E}q)enfe would be fo vaft,

that there would be neither Money found nor Credit

bt the Charge thereof.

Thbss were the Reaibns alleged and fpmd Staufcn

abroad} n<>r was either of them in itfelf without ^^J^^^

Weight to thinking Men. But the true Reafon was : nori^/r^

At the Time of that horrid Murder, IVindfor was a

Garrifon und^r the Command of a Citizen, who was

tskjlMhaptift^ with all his Officers and Soldiers : The

Men had broken down all the Wainfcot, Rails and

Partitions, which divided the Church, defaced all the

Monunients and other Marks, and reduced the Whole

into the Form of a Stable or Barn, and fcarce fit for

any other Ufe. When Cromwell had declared that the

kajRoyal Body (hould be privately interred in the Church

of the Cattle at WindfoTy and the .Marquis oi Hertford^

the Duke of Ricbmwi^ the Earls of Southampton arid

Undfiy^ had obtained {Leave to be prefent (only to be

prefent, for They had no Power to prepare or do any

Thing in it) at th^ir Mailer's Buriiil; thofe great

Men were not fufftred to have above three Servants

each, to enter into the; Caftle with them ; and it may

eafily be concluded, that their own noble Hearts were

too full of Sorrow, to fend their Eyes abroad to take

Nodce oif the Places by .which They paflcd. They

found the Church fo wild a Place, that They knew

not where They were 5 and as foon as the Royal Body

was

194 ^ Qmtinuatim of the Life of

other received no Satisfaftion in it, and the leis, (m
caufe He plainly difcerned that it prcxreeded froi
Pride, which He bore the more uneafilv, becaufe i
He was now the greater Man, io He knew himfe
to be of a much better Family. He made (b man
Doubts and Criticifms upon the Draught of his Pi
tent, that the Attorney General was weary of attend
ing him ; and when all Things were agreed on i
Night, the next Morning produced new Dilemnuu
But that which was worfe than all this. He receive
thofe of the Irijh Nation of the beft Quality, and wh
were of the Privy Council and chief Command in du
Kingdom, fo fuperdlioufly ; received their Informa
tion fo negligendy, and gave his Anfwers {o fcora
fully ; that after They had waited upon him four o
five Days, They befought the King diat They migfa
not be obliged to attend him any more. And it wi
evident, that his Carriage towards them was not t
be fubmitted to by Pcrfons of his own Quality, or o
any liberal Education : Nor did He ipake any Ad
Vance towards the Bufmefs.

This gave the King very great Trouble, am
them as much Pleafure who had never liked the De
fignation. He knew not what to do with his Deputy
nor what to do for Ireland. The Lord R$btrU wa
not a Man that was to be difgraced and thrown off
without much Inconvenience and Hazards He hac
Parts which in Council and Parliament ( which wen
the two Scenes where all the King's Bulme& lay) wen
very troublefome ; for of all Men alive who had £
few Friends, He had the mod Followers. They wht
converfed moft with him, knew him to have man]
Humours which were very intolerable ; They who wen

. but a little acquainted with him, tookJiim to be a MsM
of much Knowledge, and called his Morofity GrsviCf

. and thought the Severity of his Manners made hin
kfs grateful to the Courtiers. He had no fuch ad
vantageous Faculties in his Delivery, as could impoli
upon, his Auditors j but He was never tedious, m

* . hi

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. 195

bis Words made imprtffion. In a Word, He was
fuck a Man, as the King thought worthy to be com-
pounded with. And therefore his Majefty appointed
the Lord Chancellor and the Ix)rd Treafurer to con-
fer with him, and to dilpofe him to accept the Office ntXmg
of Privy Seal, which gave him a great Precedence 35[jf^^^ .
that would gratify that Paffion which was ftronceft ^«^
in Mm $ for in his Nature He preferred Place before ^^^
Money, which his Fortune ftcKxl more in Need of.
And the King thought it would be no ill Argument
to incline him to give over the Thought of Ireland^
that it was impoillble for the King, to fupply him for
the prefent with near any fuch Sum of Money as He
iod very reafonably demanded, for the Satisfafbion of
the Army there (which was upon the Matter to be
new OKxielled, and fome Part of it difbanded ) with
the Reduftion of many Officers, and for his own
Equipage.

They b^an their Approach to him, by afking
him ** when He would be ready for his Journey to
^ Ireland*^ to which He anfwered with fome Quick-
lnjjnds, •* that He was confident there was no Purpofc
*• to fend him thither, for that He faw there was no
* Preparation of thofe Things, without which the
^ King knew well that it was not poffible for him to
"goj nor had his Majefty lately fpoken to him of
*'it. Befides He had obferved, that the Chancellor
^^had for many Days paft called him at the Council^
**and in all other Places where They met, by the
•^Namc of Lord Roberts \ whereas, for fome Months
^ before. He had upon all Occafions and in all Places
•• treated him with the Style of Lord Deputy : Which
•*gavc him firft Caufe to believe, that there was fome
*• Alceration in the Purpofe of fending him thither/^
They Both aflured him, "that the King had no other
**Perfon in his View but himfelf for that Service, if
** He were difpofed to undertake it vigoroufly \ but
^ that the King had forborn lately to fpeak with him
^of it, becaufe He found it impoITible for him td

O 2 •'pnK

ipS 7^^ Cmtinuatim tf the Life tf

Cromwell out of his Huft>andry had referved for him-
fdf, exempt from all Title or Pretence of Adveniunr
or Soldier : What other Part of his Eftate either the
one or the other were poflefled of» in their own Judg*
ments it was fo impoffible for them to enjoy» that
They very willingly yielded it up to the Marquis, in
Hope of having Recompenfe made to them out of
other Lands. There could as little be faid a^nft the
Reftoration of the Earl of Incbiqmn to his Eftate,
which had been taken from him and diftributed
smongft the Adventurers and Soldiers, for no other
Caufe but his ferving the Kiiig. There were like-
wife fome others of the fame Claffis^ who had Nothing
objeftcd to them but their Lbyalty, who were put
into the PoflefTion of their own Eftates. And all this
gave no Occafton of Murmur ; every Man of what
Intereft (bever believing or pretending to believe, that
the King was obUged in Honour, Juftice and Con*
fcience, to caufe th^t Right to be done to thofe who
had ferved \(\m faithfully.
Ckmnhuot Thei^e could be as little Doqbt, ^d there was as
2^^ little Oppofidon vifible, in the Claim of the Church:
9ffmmi. So that the King made Choice of many grave IDivines,
to whom He afligned Bifhopricks in Ireland^ ^nd fent
them thither, to be confecrated by the Biihops who
remained alive there according to the Laws of that
Kingdom ; and conferred the other Dignities and
Church-Preferments upon worthy Men, who were all
authorized to enter upon thofe Lands, which be^ng-
ed to their feveral Churches. And in this general
Zeal for the Church, fome new Grants were made of
Lands and Impropriations, which were not enough
deliberated, and gave afterwards great Interruption to
the Setdement of the Kingdom, and brought Envy up-
on the Church and Churchmen, when the Reftoration
to what was thejr own was generally well approved.

The Pretences of the Adventurers and Soldiers were
very much involved and perplexed : Yet They gave
\\\Q King little other Trouble, than the general Care

and

Edward Earl of Ci^AKEiiiDoit^ &c. 199

and.Solicitudey that by an unicafonable DifturbanCe
of didr Pofieffions there, the Soldiers who had been
diflbanded, and thofe of the (landing Army (who for
the moft Part had the fame ill Afie£tions), might not
unite together, and feize upon ibme Places of De*
fence, before his Affairs in that Kingdom fliould be
put in fuch an Order as to oppofe them. And nexp
that Ajpprehenfion, his Majefh" had no Mind that any
of thoite Soldiers ; either who had been difbanded, and
put into Pofleffion of Lands for the Arrears of their
Pky, and upon which They now Jived ; or of the
other, the (landing Army, many whereof were like-
wife in Pofleffion of Lands afligned to them : I fay,
the King was not without ApprehenHon, that the Re^
km of either of thefe into England might find too
OoQinany of their old Friends and Aflbciates, readv to
concord with them in any defperate Meafures, and for
oontrolin^ of which He was not enough provided even
in this Kingdom. But for their private and partici{*
lar Intereft, the King cared not much how it wts
compounded, nor confidered the Danger if it were
not compounded. For befides the Fa^oqs, Divifions
and Animofities, which were between themfelves, and
very great; They could have no Caufe of Complaint
agatnft the King, who would take Nothing from
them to which They had the lead Pretence of Law
or Right. And for their other Demand^ He would
leave them to litigate between themfelyes \ it being
evident to all Men, that there muft be fome Judica^-
lory erefted by Aft of Parliament, that only could
examine and put an End to all thofe Pretences : Tbs
Perufal and Examination of which A A of Parliament, ,
when the fame (hould be prepared,, his Majefty. re-
vived that all Parties . (hould have,, and that He
would hear their particular Exceptions to it, before
He would tranfmit it into Ireland to be paflfed-

That which gave the King the only Trouble and
Solicitude, was the miferablc Condition of the Irijh
Nation, that was fo near an Extirpation \ the Thought

where-

sod 7%e Gmtinuatkn ff the- life of

tlr1f»<fdf his Majefty's .Heart abhoWed. Nor cSM it
be denied, that either from the Indignation He had
agaihft ihofe, in whofe Favour the other poor People
%ere niiferably deftroyed, or from his own natural
Compaffion and Tendernefs, and the jufl: Regard of
the Merit of many of them who had ferved him with
•risc^iyiir- Fidelity, He had a very ftrong and princely Inclina-
^^Jl'^ tion to do the beft He could, without doing apparent
taifiomofibc Injuftice, to perierve them in a tolerable Condition of
j^/^'-^-Subjefts. This made him give them, who were mod
concerned and folicitious on their Behalf, Liberty to
rfcfort to his Prefence ; and hear all They tould al-
lege fbr themlelves, in private or in publiek. And
this Indulgence proved to their Difadvantage, and
•exalted them lb much, that when They were heard
ih publick at the Board, They behaved themlelves
with lefs MoHefty towards their Adverfaries^ who
ftood upon the Advantage-Ground, and with lefs
Reverence ii^ the Prefence of the King, than the
Truth of their Condition arid any ordinary Difcretion
Would have required. And their Difadvantage was
the greater,, becaufe They Who fpake publiddy on
*heir Behalf, and were very well qualified to fpeak,
and left Nothing fbr the Matter unfaid that was for
their Purpofe, were Men, who from the Beginning
to the End of the Rebellion, had behaved thcmfclves
l^rhinently ill towards the King. And They of their
Adverfaries who fpake againft them, had great Know-
fedge and Experience of all that had pafled on either
Side, and knew how to prcfe it home when it was
(eafohable.
^rhePkff They of the Ififi), who were all united under the
Jjjw&ca-Name of The confederate Catbelich of L elands made
their firft Approach wifely for CompaiTion ; and ut^ged
^' their great and long Sufferings % the Lofs of their
" Eftates for five or fix and twenty Years j the waft-
" ing and foending of the whole Nation in Battlei,
•* and Tranlportation of vaft Multitudes of Men into
♦• the Pftrts beyond the Seas, whereof many had the

•* Honour

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ Gfr. 26 i

••Honour to tcitify their Fidelity to the King by real
"Scrvicis, and many of them returned into England
••with him, and were ftill in his Service ; the great
••Ntmiblts of Men, Women and Children, that had
••been mal&cred and executed in cold Blood, after
••Ac Kinjg^s Government had been driven from
••thenee; the Multitudes that had been deftroyed by
*• Famine and the PlagCie, thofe two heavy Judg*
^rnencs having raged over the Kingdom for two or
••three Years ; and at lad, as a Perfecutbn unheard
^•of, tho tranfplanting the fmall Remainder of the
•• Nation into one Comer of the Province of Ctmaught^
I"7)«* where yet much of the Lands was taken from them,
, ••wlucb had been aflighed with all thofe Formalities
••of Law, which were in Ufe and praftifed under
'•that Government %

(2.) They demanded "the Benefit of two
••Treaties of Peace, the one in the late King's Time
•• and confirmed by him^ the other confihned by \i\i
••Msqcfty who was prefent; by Both which,'* They
fiud^ " They ftood indemnified for all Afts done by v
••them in the Rebellion •, and infifted upon their In-
•• nocence fiMbe that Time, and that They had paid fo
*• entire an Obedience to his Majefty*s Commands
••whilft He was beyond the Seas, that They betook
•• themfelves to, and withdrew themfelves from, the
•• Service of France or Spaing in fuch Manner as his
•• Majefty fignified his Pleafure was They Ihould do/'
And if They had ended here. They would have done
wUely. But whether it was the Obfervation They
made, th*E what They had faid made Impreffion upon
his Majefty and many of the Lords •, or whether it
was their evil Genius that naturally tranfoorted them
to A^ons of ilrange Sottiflinefs and Indifcretion \
They ui^;ed and enforced with more Liberty than be-
came them in that Conjunfture, " the Unworthinefs
•• and Incapacity of thofe, who for fo many Years
•• \afi poflcflfed diemfclvcs of their Eftates, and fought

♦• now

202 ne Continuation of the Life of

^ now a Confirmation of their rebellious Title from
"hisMajefty/*

(3.) "That their Rebellion had been more in-
^ famous and of a greater Magnitude than that of
** the Irijh^ who had rifen in Arms to free themfelves
^^from the Rigour and Severity that was exercifed
^^ upon them by fome of the King's Minifters, and
** for the Liberty of their Confcience and Praftice of
" their Religion, without having the lead Intention or
^^ Thought of withdrawing themfelves from his Ma-
^'jefly^s Ql^dience, or declining his Government:
** Whereast;the others had carried on an odious Re-
^^bellion againfl: the King's facred Perlbn, whom
" They had horridly murdered in the Sight of the
^^Sun, witfi dl imaginable Circumftances of Con-
^* tempt and Defiance, and as much as in them lay
" had rooteo^out Monarchy itfelf, and overturned and
•*deftroycd the whole Government of Church and
" State : And therefore that whatever Punilhment the
**poor Irifi had defervcd for their former Tranf-
•*grcffions, which They had fo long repented of,
" and departed from the Rebellion when They had
" Armies and ftrong Towns in their Hands, which
*' They, together with themfelves, had put again un-
** der his Majefty*s ProteAion ; this Part of the BMg-
" lijh^ who were poflcffcd of their Eftates, had broken
" all their Obligations to God and the King, and fo
" could not merit to be gratified with their Ruin and
*' total Deftruftion. That it was too evident and no-
" torious to the World, that his Majefty*s three King*
** doms had been very faulty to him, and withdrawn
" themfelves from his Government ; by which He had
" been compelled to live in Exile fo many Years :
" And yet, that upon their Return to their Duty and
*' Obedience, He had been gracioufly pleafed.to grant
" a free and general Pardon and A6b of Indemnity, in
" which many were comprehended, who . in Truth
'' had been the Contrivers and Fomenters of all the
" Mifery and Defolation, wliich had involved the

" three

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^&c. 263

^* three Nations for fo many Years. And therefore
** that They hoped, that when all his Majefty's other
^^ SttUefts ( as criminal at leaft as They were ) were,
^ by his Majefty's Clemency, reftored to their own
^ E^es which They had forfeited, and were in full
^'Pcaoe, Mkth and Joy; the poor Irijb sdone Ihould
^ not be totally exempt fiom ail his Majefty's Grace,
^ and kft in Tears and Mourning and Lamentation>
^and be facrificed without Redemption to the Ava-
^ rice and Cruelty of thofe, who had not only fpoiled
N)<< and opprefled them, but had done all that was in
*^ their Fower, and with all the Infolence imaginable,
^ta deftroy the King himfelf and his Poftenty, and
^ who now returned to their Obedience, and fub*>
^mitted to his Government, when They were no
" lonjger able to oppofe it. Nor did They yet return
^^ to it with that Alacrity and Joy and Refignation as
** the IriJb did, but infifted obflinately upon Demands
*^ unreafonable, and which They hoped could not con-
**fift with his Majefty's Honour to grant :'* And fo
concluded with thofe pathetical Applications and Ap-
peals to the King, as Men well verfed in Difcourfes
of that Nature are accuftomed to. .

Th I s Difcourfe carried on and urged with more
Paflion, Vehemence and Indifcretion, than was fuitable
to the Condition They were in, and in which, by
the Excefies of their Rhetorick,They had let fall many
Expreflions very indecent and unwarrantable, and in
Ibme of them confidently excufed if not juftified their
firft Entrance into Rebellion (the moft barbarous cer*
tainly and inexcufable, that any Chriftians have been
enga^d in in any Age), irreconciled many to them
who had Compaf&on enough for them, and made it
impoffible for the King to reftrain their Adverfaries,
who were prepared to anfwer all They had faid, from
ufing the fame Licenfe. They enlarged "upon dW^^fi^
" the odious Circumftances of the firft Year's Rebel- ^„'^^*|"
" lion, the murdering of above a hundred thoyfand
^'Perfons in cold Blood, and with all (he Barbarity

** imaginable j

804 ^^ Continuation of the Life of

** imaginable ; which Murders^ and Barbarities had
^* been always excepted from Pardon.** And They told
them, **that if there were not fome amongft thcm-
" lelves who then appeared before his Mqefty, They
**were fure there would be found many ambngft
^* thofe for whom They appebred, who would be
" found guilty of thofe odious Crimes, which were
"excluded frbm any Bencfk- by thofe Treatiesc**
They took Notice, "how confidently They had cx-
•* tolled their own Innoccfnce from the Time that
*• thofe t^vo A<fts of Pacification had pafled, and their
'•great Affe6tion for his Majefty's Service.** And
thereupon They declared, " that whatfocver legal
^ Title the Adhisntttrers had to the Lands of which
** They were poffefled, many of whom had conftantiy
**fervcd the King; yet They would be contented,
•* that all thofe, who in Truth had preferred their
•* Integrity towards his Majefly from the Time of^
*• either if not of Both the Pacifications^ and not
*• fwerved afterwards from their Allegiance, ihould
•* partake of his Royal Bounty, in fuch a Manner
** and to fuch a Degree, as his Majefly thought
"fit to exercife towards them. But" They'faid,
*' They would make it appear, that their Pretences
** to that Grace and Favour were not founded
V upon any reafonable Tide ; that They had never
" confented to any one Aft erf Pacification, to which
" the Promife of Indemnity had been annexed, which
" They had hot violated and broken within ten Days
** after, and then returned to all the Afts of Difloyalty
" and Rebellion.**

"That after the firil Aft "of Pacification ratified
" by the laft King, in very few Days, They treated
" the Herald, his Majefty's Officer, who came to pro-
" claim that Peace, with all Manner of Indignity,
" tearing his Coat of Arms (the King's Arms) from
" his Back ; and beat and wounded him iOy that He
"was hardly refcued from the Lofs of his Life.
♦* That about the fame Time They endeavoured to

"furprifc

Edward Earl g/*tLARENDON, ^c. 205

^ fuiprifc ahd murder the Lord LieiMienant, and pur-
" iucd him to DuUini wbkh They ^hwith beficgcd
" with their Army^ mndcr the Command of "that
" General who had figncd the Peace. -They itnprir
*' foned dieir Commaflioners who wet-e- aiithorized by
^ them, for confenting tQ thofe Articles which them-
^ielves had confiniped, and fo profccuced the War
"with as much Afperity as ever; and refuf?d to
'^)"givc that Aid and Afliftancc They were obliged to^
"for the Recovery and Reftoration of his late Ma-
"jcfky-, the Propixfe and Expcftation of which Sup-
"ply and Afliftance, w^ the fde Ground and Con-
" fideration of that: Treaty, and of the Conceffions
" thecein made to them. That They thereupon more
^^formatiy renounced their Obedience to the Kinfo
*' and put themfelves uader the Pfotedlion and Dif^
" pofai of Rinuccini the Pope's Nuncio^ whom They
" made their Generaliffimo of all their Armk^s, their
" Admiral at Sea, and to prefide in 0I] their Coun-
"dis. After their DiTinons amongft themielves^
" and the Burden df the Tyranny They fiiffered un-
" der, had difpofed them to petition his Majefty that
"now is, who was' then m France ^ to receive them
" into his Protedion, and to fend the Marquis of
" Ormond over again i^to Ireland to conimand them',
" his Majefty was io far prevailed with, diat He fent
" <he Msi-quis of Orfnond into Munftefj with fuch a
" Supply of Arms and Ammunition as He could get;
" where the Lord hcUquin, Lord Prefident of that
"Province, received him with the Protc^ant Army
" and joined with him : And (hortly after, the Confe-
" derate irifb made that fecond Treaty of Pacification,
" of which They now demanded the Benefit. But
"it was notorioufly known, that They no fooner
" made that Treaty than They brake it, in not
** bringing in thofe Supplies of Men and Money,
" which They ought and were obliged to do ; the
"Want whereof expofed the Lord Lieutenant to
" many Difficulties, and was in Truth the Caufe of

"the .

2o6 ' ^be Continuation of the Life of

^^ the Misfortune before Dublin : Which He had no
^^ fooner undergone, than They withdrew from taking
^< any further Care of the Kingdom, and raifed Scan-
«( dais upon and Jealoufies of the whole Body of the
*' Engli/bj who, being to provoked, could no longer
*^ venture themfelves in any AAbn or C6njun£tion
*< with the Irijbj without more Apprehenfion of them
" than of the common Enemy .**

*^ In STEAD of endeavouring to compofe thefe
** Jealoufies and ill Humours, They cauied an Af-
" fembly or Convocation of their Clergy to meet with-
** out the Lord Lieutenant's Authority, and put the Go-
" vernmcnt of all Things into their Hands : Who,
"in a (hort Time, improved the Jealoufies in the
" Mind of the People towards the few Protefianis who
*^ yet remained in the Army, and who had ferved the
" King with all imaginable Courage and Fidelity from
" the very firfi: Hour of the Rebellion, to that De-
^^ gree, that the Marquis was even compelled to^dil-
" charge his own Troop of Guards of Horfe, confift-
"ing of fuchOfiicers and Gentlemen as are men-
" tioned before, and to truft himfclf and all the re-
** maining Towns and Garrifons to the Fidelity of the
** Irijb •, They protefting with much Solemnity, that
" upon fuch a Confidence, the whole Nation would
** be united as one Man to his Majcfty*s Service, un-
*'dcr his Command. But They had no fooner re-
^* ceived Satisfadion in that Particular (which was not
" in the Marquis his Power to refyfe to pve them ),
" but They raifed feveral Calumnies againft his Per-
" fon, declaimed againft his Religion, and inhibited
"the People, upon Pain of Excommunication, to
'^^ fubmit to this and that Order that was^ ifiiied out
"by the Marquis, without obeying whereof the
^^ Army could not ftay together ; and upon the Mat-
**tcr forbad the People to pay any Obedience to
" him. Inllead of raifing new Forces according to
" their laft Promife and Engagement, thofe that were
** raifed ran from their Colours and difpcrfed them-

** fclvcs ;

Edward J^arf ^ Gl arehdon, &c. 207

** felves ; They who were trufted with the keeping of
*• Towns and Forta^ either gave them up by Treachery
^to Cronwelti or loft them through Cowardice to
^ htm upon very feeble Attacks : And their General^
^^OwenO Neilij made a formal Contrad and Stipu-
'^lation with the Parliament. And in the End, when
^^They had divefted the Lord Lieutenant of alt
110)^ Power to oppofe the Enemy^ and given him great
' ^ Caufe to believe that his Perlbn was in Danger to
** be betrayed, and delivered up to the Enemy, They
^^ vouchfaied to petition him that He would depart
** out of the Kingdom (to the Neceffity whereof They
^ had even already compelled him) ; and that He would
^' leave his Majefty's Authority in the Hands of one
^^ of his Catholick SubjeAs, to whom They promifed
" to fubmit ¥dth the moft punftual Obedience/'

**Hereupon the Marquis, when He found
** that He could not unite them in any one Aftion
** worthy the Duty of good Subjefts, or of prudent
*' Men, towards their own Prefervation; and fo, that
^' his Refidence amongft them longer a>uld in no De-
" gree contribute to his Majefly*s Service. or Honour-;
«( and that They would make it to be believed, that
*' if He would have committed the Command into
** the Hands of a Roman Catholick^ They would have
•* been able to prcferve thofe Towns which ftill re-
" mained in theijr PoflefCon, which were Limerick and
^^GaUway^ ,zndL fome other Places of Importance
^^ enough, though of kfs> than thofe Cities ; and that
** They would likewife by Degrees recover from the
" Enemy what had beea loft, which indeed was ve-
*^ ry poflible for them to have done, (ince They had
^* great Bodies of Men to perform any Enterprife, and
** fomc good Officers to. lead thein, if They would
** have been obedient to any Command : Hereupon
^' the Marquis refdved to gratify them, and to place
*^the Command in the Hands of fuch a Perfon,
^^ whofe Zeal for the Catholick Religion was unquef*
" tionable, and whofe fidelity to the King was un-

« blemifticd.

/Zo8 Tbe Contimtatim dj the Life df

<^ blemiflied. And fi> He made Choice of the.Mar
«<quis of Clanrickardy a Gendeman, though orifi;i
>^ iiaUy of EngUfk ExcrafBon, w&ofe Famiiy had toi
^^ib many hundred Years rcfided in that Kingdom
^^ chat He was looked upon as being of die beft Fa
^mily of the Irifli\ and whofe Family had, in al
^^ tbrmer Rebellions, as well as in this lafl:, prefervec
^^ its Loyaky to the Crown not only vn^xutted, bu
*^ eminendy confpicuous.**

^^ Tn £ Raman Catholicks of all Kinds pretended a

^^ leaft a wonderful Satisfadion and Jov in this Elec

*^ tion ; acknowledged it as a great Ooligation upoi

^^ them and their Pofterity to the Lord Lieutenant

^^ for making fb worthy a Choice ; and applied them

'^ felves to the Marquis of Clanrkkari^ with all tb

'^ Proteftations of Duty and Submillion, to induce hin

*^ to accept the Charge and Command over them

"who indeed knew them too well to be willing t

** truft them, or to have any Thing to do with then)

" Yet upon the Marquis of Ormondes earneft and fo

" lemn Intreaty, as the laft and only Remedy to keej

*^ and retain fome Remainder of Hope, from whenc

"ftiture Hopes might grow; whereas all othe

** Thoughts were deiperate, and the Kingdom woul

" prefently fill into the Hands and Poffcffion of th

" EngUjh^ who would extirpate the whole Nation

** This Importunity, and his great Zeal for the Scrvic

"of the Crown, and to fupport the Goyemmer

." there until his Majefty could procure other Sut

" plies, which the Marquis of Ormc9ul promifed to k

" licit in France^ or till his Majefty ihould fend bettc

" Orders to preferve his Authority in that Kingdoi

'^^ ( the HcMpe of which feemed the lefs defpcrate, be

" caufe They had Notice at the feme Time oif h

" Majefty's March into Et^landy with an Army fioi

" Scotland)^ prevailed with him fo, that He was coi

" tented to receive fuch CommilBons from the Lor

" Lieutenant, as were neceflary for the Execution <

"the prefcnt Command. Upon which the Lot

" Liei

ISdwaAd EatJ of ClAr£ndoN| &r* 209

** Lieutenant eihbarked himiUffWich feme few Friends
^and Servants^ upon a little rotten t^ink that was
** bound for F^antt^ and very ill accommodated for
(lii)^fucb a Voyage s being not to be perfuadird to fend
"to the Commander in Chief of the EngUJb for a
"Pais^ thoujgh He was afiufed that it would v^ry
" readily have been granted : But it pleafed God that
"He arrived lafely in France^ a little before or about
" the Time that the King tranfported himfelf thither,
"irfter his miraculous Efcape from ff^prtejier.'*

*^ Tfl s Marquis of Ormend was no iboner gone out
"of Irthnds but the Lord Marquis of Clanrickard^
"the Lord Deputy, found himielf no better tireated
"than the Lord of Orm^nd had been. That Part
" of the Clergy, which had continually eppofed the
" Lord Lieutenant for being a Protejianty were now
" as little fatisfied with the Deputy's Religion, and as
"violently contradiAed all his Commands and De-
"fires^ aiitd violated all their own Promifes, and
^^ quickly made it evident, that his AfFedlion and
^' Loyalty to the King was that which They difliked,
*' and a Cf ime that could not be ballanced by the
** undoubted Sincerity of his Religion. They entered
^•intt) fecret Correfpondence with the Enemy, and
" Conlpiracies between themfelves : And though there
*' were fome Pcrlbns of Honour and Quality with the
" Deputy^ who were very faithful to him and to the
**King; yet there were fo many of another Allay,
*< that aJl his Couhfels^ Resolutions and Defigns, were
** ctifcovered to the Enemy, foon enough to be pre-
•* vented. And though fome of the Letters were in-
« tercepted, and the Perfons difcovercd who gave the
" Intelligence, He had not Power to bring ihem to
^ Juftice s but being commonly Friars and Clergy-
** men, the Privilege of the Church was infifted upon,
*• and fo They were refcued from the fccular Profecu-
**tion till their Efcape was contrived. The perfi*
"dious and treacherous Party had fo great an In-
•* lercft in all, the Towns, Forts and Ganifons, which
Vol. IL P yet

210 ^The Corn inoat ion of the Life of

"yet pretended to be fubjeft to the Deputy, that
" all his Orders were ftill contradifted or ncgledled :
*' And the Enemy no fooner appeared before any
" Pkce, but fome Faftion in the Town caufed it to
' ** be given up and rendered/*

"Nor could this fatal Sottifluiefs be reformed,
" even by the Severity and Rigpur which the EngUJb
*' exercifed upon them, who, by the wonderful Judg-
*' ment of God Almighty, always put thofc Men to
" Death, who put themfelvcs and thofe Towns into
** their Hands -, finding ftill that They had fome bar-
^' barous Part in the foul Murders, which had been
*' committed in the Beginning of the Rebellion, and
" who had been, by all the Adts of Grace granted by
" the feveral Powers, ftill referved for Jufticc. And
*' of this Kind there would be fo many Inflances in
** and about JJmerick and Gallway^ that they defcrve
*'to be collected and mentioned in a Difcourfe by
** itfelf, to obfervc and magnify the wonderful Pro-
" vidence of God Almighty in bringing heinous
"Crimes to Light and Punifhment in this World,
** by Means unapprehended by the guilty : Infomuch
"as it can hardly be believe^, how many of- the
*' Clergy and the Laity, who had a fignal Hand in
*' the contriving and fomenting the firft Rebellion,
*' and in the Perpetration of thofe horrible Murders ;
** and who had obftrufted all Overtures toward Peace,
*' and principally caufed any Peace that was made, to
** be prcfcndy broken ; who had with moft Paflkni
** adhered to the Nuncio^ and endeavoured moft ma-
" licioufly to exclude the King and his Pofterity from
"the Dominion of Ireland: I fay, it can hardly be
*' believed, how many of thefe moft notorious Tranf-
" greffors did by fome Aft of Treachery endea-
" vour to merit from the Englijh Rebels, and fo put
"themfelves into their Hands, and were by them
"publickly and reproachfully executed and put to
"Death."

"This

Edward £i«r/ 3^ Ct arenUon, Gfr. 2H

•* T H I s being the fad Condition the Deputy was
**ih; and the Irifo having, without his Leave and
^ s^ainft his exprefs Command, taken upon them to
" fend Meflengers into Flanders^ to defire the Duke
("»)" i£ Lorraine to take them into his Proteftion, and
"offered to deliver feveral important Places and Sea-
" Towns into his Poflfeffion, and to become his Sub.-
"jcfis, (upon which the Duke fent over an Ambafia-
"dour> a»d a good Sum of Money for their prefent
** Relief), the Deputy was in a fliort Time reduced to
"thofe Streights, that He durft not remain in any
**Town nor even in his own Houfe three Days toge-
"ther, but was forced for his Safety to fliift from
"Place to Place, and fometimes'to lodge in the
" Woods and Fields in cold and wet Nights j by
"which He contradled thofe Infirmities and Difeafcs>
" which (hortly after brought him to his Grave* And
"in the End, He was compelled to accept a Pafs
"from the Englijh^ who had a Reverence for his
?* Peribn and his unfpotted Reputation, to tranfport
" bimlelf into Eng/andy where his Wife and Family
" were ; and where He died before He could procure
" Means to carry himfelf to the King, which He al-
" ways intended to do."

When the Commiffioners had enlarged with fome
Commotion in this Narration and Diicourfe, Th^y
again provoked the Irifo Commiffioners to nominate
"one Perfon aoiongft themfelves, or of thofe for
**whom They appesired, who They believed could
"in Juftice demand his Majefty's Favour; and if
" They did not make it evidently appear, that He
" had forfeited all his Title to Pardon after the Tira-
" ties, and that He had been again as faulty to the
" King as before. They were very willing He (hould
" be rcftored to his Eftate," And then applying
themfelves to his Majefty with great Duty and Sub-
mifllon. They concluded -, " that if any Perfons had,
" by their fubfequent Loyalty or .Service, or by their
" Attendance upon his Majiefty beyond the Seas, r^n-

P 2 ^ dejrcd

11i ' ^ Contimafidn df the Life of r

<* dered themfelves grateful to him, and wordliy' o(

** his Royal Favour, They were very willing that his

^^ Majefty fhould reftore all or any of them to their

^"^ Honours or Eftates, in fuch Mainner as his Majefty

^* thought fit, and againft all Impediments what-

**focver." And upon this frank Oflfer of theirs,

which his Mjgefty took very well, fcveral AAs of

Parliament were prefently pafled, fyr the Indemnity

Aifi^cath*. and the reftoring many Perfons of Honour and Intereft

w>w/Ae ^^ ^^^^ Eftatcs ; who could either in Ji^ce require it^

Ki^immcdi^ as ha\dng been faithful always to the Kin^y and fuf-

Mfrtjknd. £^j.^^ ^j^j^ i^j^ ^j. f^j. j^jjj^ ^ ^j. ^j^^ YizA, lo £u: mani-

felled their AiFe£bion and Duty for his Majefty, that
He thought fit, in that Confideradon, to wipe out
the Memory of whatfbever had been formerly done
amifs. And by this Means, many were put into
a full PofleffioAof their Eftatesy to which They could
make any good Pretence at the Time when the Rebel-
lion began.

This Confideration and Debate upon the Settle-
ment of this unhappy Kingdom took up many Days,^
the King being always prefent, in' which there arofe
every Day new Difficulties. And it appeared plainly
enough, that the Guilt was fo general, that if the
Letter of the Aft of rarliament of the fcvcntcenth
Year of the late King were ftri6tly purfued, as poflibiy
it mi^ht have been, if the Reduction had fallen out
Ukewife during the whole Reign of that King, even
an utter Extirpations of the Natto» would have fol-
lowed.
Three Popfi' Til E R^ wcfB thc%e PUrtfcuhtt^, which^ upoft the
M^Jl^'b ^^ Menuon and View of them, feemed in moft Mens
^fi the Eyes worthy of his Majefty's extraordinary CompafAon
^'^' and Interpofition ; and yet upon a ftri^f Examina-
tion Were found as remedilefs as any of the reft. One
i.TbeTranf' was ; " thc Condition of that miferable People, which
f*Ti^i«« " y^ Kkewife very numerous, that was tranfplanted
cofBwghu •* into Conaugbt ; who had been removed from their
" qwa^ Poflfeffions in other Provinces, with fuch Cir-
' "" ** cumftances

Edward Earl of Clarendon, fifr. 1x1.3

^ cumffamces of Tyranny and Cruelty, that their own
^ Confents obtained afterwards with that Force, could
»3)^nQt realonably be thought any Confirmation of
^* tbcir unjuft Title, who were in Poffcflion of their
^Lands.-

To this it was anlwered, << that though it was afted rbt Adven*

*• in. an irregular Manner, and wifhoutTawfiil Autho- ?^^,

**xiqr, it being in a Time of Usurpation; yet diatAft*>».

^^ the AA itielf was very prudent and neceflary, and

** an Aft of Mercy, without which an utter Extir-

"" nation of the Nation muft have followed, if the

** kingdom were to be prefcrved in Peace. That it

** cannot be denied to be an Ad of Mercv, fincc

^ there was not one Man tranfpknted, who had not

^^ b^ the Law forfeited all the Eftate He had \ and

^^his life might have been as legally taken from

^Jiim: So that both his Life, and whatever Eftate

'^ He had granted to hini in Conaugbt^ was from the

'^ pure Boxuity of the State, which might and did by

. ** die Adk of Parli^unent feize upon the fiune. That,

'^ befide the unfteady Humour of that People, and

^^ their natiual Inclinadon to rebel, it was notorious,

•* that whilft They were difpcrfed over the Kingdom,

/< though ail their Forces had been fo totally fubdued,

/^ that there was not throughout the whole Kingdom

" a vilible Number of twenty Men together, who

" pretended to be in Arms •, yet there were daily fuch

^Vbiibrders committed by Thefts and Robberies and

"Murders, that They could not be faid to be in

"Peace. Nor could the Englijby Man, Woman or

" ChUd, go one Mile from their Habitations upon

" their neceflary Employment, but They were found

** murdered and ftripped by the Irifi^ who lay in Wait

** for thofc Purpofes ; fo that the People were very

" hardly reftrained from committing a MafTacre upon

" them wherever They were ipet : So that there ap-

" peared no other Way to prevent an utter Extirpa-

" tion of them, but to confine and reftrain them with-

f^ in fuch Limits and Bounds, that might keep them

P c? " from

214 T!be Conttnuattmi of the Life of

^ fix)m doing Mifchicf, and thereby make them lafc.
" That thereupon thi$ Eroedient was laid Hold of.
** And whereas Thev had Nothing to enable them to
•^ live upon in the Places where They were dilperfed»
** They had now by this Tranfplantation xntoCmaught
** Lands given them, fufficient with their Induftry to
** live well upon > of which there was good Evidence,
*' by their having lived well there fince that Time,
^' and many of them much better than They had ever
** done before. And the State, which had done this
** Grace for them, had great Reafon, when it gave
*'them good Titles to the Land afligned to them,
.** which They might plead in any Court of Jufticc,
** to require from them Releafes of what They had
^ forfeited ; which, though to the Publick of no Ufc
**or Validity, were of Benefit and behooveful to
** many particular Perfon^, for the quieting their Pof*
^^feflions againft frivolous Suits and Qaimsr which
*' might ftart up. That this Tr^fplantatation had
**been a^^ed, finifhed, and fubmitted to by all Par-
**ties, who had enjoyed the Benefit thereof, quiet*
** ly and without Difturbance, many Years before the
^' King's Return : And the Soldiers and Aivenhfrers
•' had been likewife fo many Years in the Pofle0ion
*' of their Lots, in Purfuance of the Aft of Parlia*
♦* ment, and had laid out fo much Money in building
*• and planting; that the Confcquence of fuch an A^
♦' teration, as was now propofed, would be the higheft
*' Confufion imaginable.**

A N D it cannot be denied, that if the King could
havp thought it fafe and fcafonable to have reviewed
all that had been done, and taken thofe Advantages
upon former Mifcarriages and Mifapplications, as ac-
cording to the Striftnefs of that very Law He might
have done-, the whole Foundation, upon" which all
the Hopes rcfted of preferving that Kingdom within
the Obedience to the Crown of England^ muft have
been fhaken and even diflblved ; with no fmall In-
^iiencc and ImDreffion uport the Peace and Quiet of

EdwaXd JE^r/ g^ Clarendon, &c. 215

^^)Eifgland itfel£ For the Memory of the Beginning of
the Rebellion in Ireland ( how many other Rebellions
foever had followed as bad, or worfe in Refpeft of
the Confequences that attended them) was as freih
and as odious to the whole People of England^ as ^
it had been the firil Year. And though no Man
durft avow fo unchriftian a Wifli, as an Extirpation
of. them (which They would have been very well
contented with) ; yet no Man diflembled his Opinion,
that it was the only Security the Englifl^ could have
in that Kingdom, that the Irijh fhould be kept fb
tow, that They ftiould have no Power to hurt them.

Another Particular, that fcemed morje againft a.^crj^e/
the Foundation of Juftice, wasj "that the Soldiers ^^LT'^
" and Adventurers expefted and promifed themfelves, J'^w.
** that in this new Setdement that was under Debate,
'^ all Entails and Settlements at Law ihould be de-
** ftroyed, whether upon Confideration of Marriage,
** or any other Contracts which had been made be-
"fore the Rebellion. Nor had there been in the
" whole former Proceedings in the Time of the
** Ufurpation, any Confideration taken of Mortgages
" or Debts due by Statute or Recognifance, or upon
" any other Security ; fo that all fuch Debts muft be
" either loft to the Proprietors, or remain ftill with
*' the Intereft upon the Land, whoeyer had enjoyed
" the Benefit or Profits thereof." AU which feemed
to his Majefty very unrcafon.able and unjuft ; and that
fuch Eftates ftiould remain forfeited by the Treafon
of the Father, who had been only Tenant Fpr Life,
againft all Dcfcents and legal Titles of innocent *"

Children ; and of which, in all legal Attiainders', tlx!
Crown never had or could receive any Benejii;.

Yet, how unreafonable foever thefe JPretences
feemed to be, it was no eafy Matter to give Rules
and Direftions for the Remedy of the Mifchief? with-
out introducing another Milchief equally uhjuff^ arid
unreafonable. For the Commiflioners declared, ^'that tbt K\\t%-
^' if fuch Titles, as are mentioned, were preferved^y;;"-^^^

^ "and^ '

ai6 Vie ContinuatUn of the Life df

^^ and allowed to be good, there would not in tnac
^^univerfal Guilt, which upon the Matter compre-
** handed and covered the wnole Irifo Nation, be one
^^aiatc forfeited by Treafon, but fqch Conveyances
^< and Settlements would be produced to fccure and
'^^ defend the fame: And tnough they would be
*^ forged, there would not be ^^^tnei]fes wanting to
^* prove and Juflify whatfoever the Evidence could be
*^ applied to. And if thofe Trials were to be by the
^^ known Rules and Cuitoms of the J^w in Caies of
^^the like Nature, there was too mueh Reafon to
'^ ftifpeft and fear that there would be little Juftice
'* done : Since a Jury of Irijb would infallibly find
^* againft the Engfijby let the Evidence be what it
^< could be \ and there was too much Reaibn to ap-
^* prehend that the EngUJh^ whofe Animofity was not
*' lefs, would be as unjuft in bringing in their Ver-
>* diet againft the Irijh right or wrong.** And there
was Experience afterwards, in the Profecution of this
Affair, of fuch Forgeries and Perjuries, as have not
been heard of amongft Chriftians ; and in which, to
our Shame, the Englijb were not behindhand with the
IriJb. The King however thought it not reafonable
'^ joft for him, upon what probable Suggeftions fb-
iffver, to countenance fuch a barefaced Violation of the
Law, by any Declaration of his ; but commanded
his Council at Law, to make fuch Alterations in the
ExprelTions as might be fit for him to confent to.
j.^rifexu Ths third Particular, and which much afieded
2^^^ the King, was-, "that i|i this univerfal Joy for his
** Reftorauon without Blood, and with the Indemnity
^* of fo tnafiy hundred Thoufands who had deferved
" to fu^r the iitmoft Punilhments, the poor Irijb^
^ after fo loi^g Suflerings in the greateft Extremity of
*• Mifciry, fhould be the only Peribns who Ihould find
^ iio Benefit er Eafe by his Majefty's Reftoration, but{"i
*♦ rcm^n robbed and {periled or all They had, and be
>♦ j^s it were ^in facri^ed tp t^ Avarice and Crueltv

Edward Ear/ ^ Clarendon, ^c, t\j

^of them, who had not de&rved better of his Ma-
** jcfty than the other poor People had done."

To which there can be no other Anfwer made,
which is very fufficienc in P9tnt of Juftice, but that,
^*as their RebeUion and other Crimes had been long^^i^A
•* before his Majefty's Time, lb fuU Vengeance had^'^^*
^ been es^ecuted vpon them ; and They had paid the
*• Penaldes of their Crimes and Tranfgreflions before
** his Mdelbr^s Return : So that He could not rcftore
"that wnich They /railed their own, without taking
"it from them^ who were become the juft Owners
"by an Aft of Parliament; which his Majefty could
"not violate without Injuftice, and Breach of the
"Faith He had given/'

And that which was their greateft Mifery and Re^
proach, and which diftinguifhed them from the Sub-
jcfts of the other two Kingdoms, who were otherwife
bad enough, was ; that Both the other Nations had
made many noble Attempts for redeeming their Li^
berty, and for the Reftoration of his Majefty (for
SMland itfelf had d<me much towards it) \ and his
prefent Reftoration was, with God's Bleffing and only
with his BkfiinK, by the fple EfleAs of the Coura^
and Afif£tion of his own Subjeds : So that England
and Scotland had in a great Degree redeemed, and
even undone what had been before done amifs by
them; and his Majefty had improved and fecurea
thdc AiFeAions to him by thofe Promifes and Con-
ceflions, which He was in Juftice obliged to perform.
But the miferable Irijh alone had no Part in contribu*
ting to his Majefty's Happinefs ; nor had God fuffer*
cd them to be die leaft Inftruments in bringing his
good Pleafurc to pafs, or to give any Teftimony of
their Repentance for the Wjckednefs They had
wroMg^t, or of their Reiblution to be better Sub*
jc^ for the future : So that They fecmed as a Pco-

Ele left put by Providence, and exempted from any
eneBt from that blefled Conjunfture in his Majcfly's
Reltitvtioi}-

And

%iS The Continuation of the Life of

And this Diladvantage was imprdved towards them,
by their frequent Manifeftation of an inveterate Ani-
mofity againft the Englifb Nation, and EngU^ Govern-
ment; which again was. returned to them in an irre-
concilable Je^oufy- of all the Ef^lifi towards them.
And to this their pr^fent Behaviour and Imprudena
contributed very much : For it appeared evidendy,
that They expedted the fame Conceffions (which the
Neceffity of that Time had made fit to be granted to
them) in Re{pc6t of their Religion fhould be now
likewife confirmed. And this Temper made it very
neccffary for the King to be very wary in diipenfing
extraordinary Favours (which his natural merciful In-
clination prompted him to) to the Irijh ; and to prefer
the general Intereft of his three Kingdoms, before the
particular Intereft of a Company of unhappy Men,
who had foolifhly forfeited their own -, though He
pitied them, and hoped in the Conclufion to be able,
without expofing the publick Peace to. manifeft Ha-
zard, in fome Degree to improve their Condition.

Upon the whole Matter, the King found, that if
He deferred to fetde the Government of Ireland till a
perfedt Settlement of all particular Interefts could be
made, it would be very long. He faw it could noi
be done at once ; and that there muft be fome Exa-
minations taken there, and fome Matters more clearlj
ftated and adjufted, before his Majefty could mak<
his Determination upon thofe Particulars, which purel;
depended upon his own Judgment ; and that fomi
Difficulties would be; removed or leflened by Time
TKefirftAa And fo He paffed that which is called The firft AS ^
%j:j!^"^^ «S<?///^«2^;;/ -, and was perfuaded to commit the Execu
tion thereof, to a great Number of Commiflioncn
recommended to his Majefty by thofe who were mol
converfant in the Afiairs of Ireland-, none or very h\
of which were known to his Majefty, or to any p
thofe who had been fo many Years from their Country
in their conftant Attendance upon his Majefty's PerfoJ
beyond the Seas.

- Ani

Edward Eiir/ g^ Clarendon, &c. zig

And For the better Countenance of this Com-'
miffion, and likewife to reftrain the Commiflioners
fiom any Excefs, if their very large Jurifdiaion
Ihould prove a Temptation to them» the King thought
fit to commit the Sword to three Jufticcs, which He 7i«er«n&
had refolved, when the fending the Lord Roberts was^j^''^
declined. Thofe three were. Sir Morrice Euftace^
whom He newly made Lord Chancellor of Ireland^
Ae Ijord Brogbill^ whom He now made Earl of Or- '
rery^ and Sir Cbarks Coote^ whom He likewife made
Earl of Montratb. The firft had been his Sergeant at
Law long in that Kingdom, and had been eminent in
the Profeflion of the Law, and the more efteemed for
bdng dways a Protejlant though an Irijhman^ and of
approved Fidelity to the King during this whole Re-
bellion. But He was now old, and made fb little
Shew of any Parts extraordinary, that, but for the
Teftimony that was given of him, it might have been
doubted whether He ever had any. The other two
had been Both eminently againft the King, but tipon
this Turn, when all other Powers were down, emi- ^
nently for him ; the one, very able and generous ;
the other, proud, dull and very avaricious. But the
King had not then Power to choofe any, againft whom
fome as material Objeftions might not be made, and
who had been able to do as much Good. With them,
there were too many others upon whom Honours were
conferred ; upon fome, that They might do no Harm,
who were thereby enabled to do the more ; and upon
others, that They might not murmur, who murmur-
ed the more for having Nothing given them but Ho-
nour : And fo They were all dilpatched for Ireland}, .
by which the King had fome Eafe, his Service little
Advancement.

After a Year was fpent in the Execution of this

Commiflion (for I fhall, without difcontinuing the

Relation, fay all that I intend upon this Subjedt of

' Ireland)^ there was very little done towards the fettling

fhe Kingdom, or towards preparing any Thing that

might

9 jte 3& CMtkuation of the Life 4f *

r^rt^/ might iSrctle it ; but on the contrary, the Breaches
JJj,^JJ2^wer« made wider, and fo much Pafiion and Injuftice
^ftbiFpf ih^wod, that Complaints were brought to his Ma-
'^^ jefty from dl Parts of the Kingdom, and from all
Peifens in Authority there. The Number of the
Commiflioners was fe great, and then* Interefts ia
different, that They niade no Difpatch. Very many
of them were in PpIIdfion of thofe Lands, which
ethers fued fer before them ; and They themfelves
bought broken Titles and Pretences of other Men,
ifor inconfiderable Sums of Money, which They fup-
ported and made good by their own Authority. Such
of the Commiflioners, who had their own particular
Jntereft and Concernment depending, attended the
Service very dUigently: Tlic few who were more
<?qual and juft, b^aufe They had no Inten^ft of their
own at St^ke, were weary of their Atte;<dance and
Expenfe (there being no Allowance fox;^^eir Pains) ;
and offended at the Partiality and Injuftice which
They faw pradifc4, withdrew thcmfelve?, and would
be no longer prefent at thofe Tranfadions which They
could not regulate or reform.

All Interefts were equally offended and incenfed ;
^nd the Soldiers and Adventurers complained no lefs
of the Corruption and Iryuftice than the Irijb did :
So that tlie Lords Juftices and Council thought it
JcondAa neceflary to tranfmit another Bill to his Majefty,(iJ
i^X^ to which, as I remember, They called an explanatory
tbtking. Bill of the former ; and in that They provided, " that
** no Perfon who lived in Ireland^ or had any Pre-
" tence to an Eftate there, ftiould be employed as a
** Commiflioner -, but that his Majefty ftiould be de-
'* fired to fend over a competent Number of well
** qualified Perfons out of England to attend that Ser-
" vice, upon whom a fit Salary ftiould be fettled by
" the Bill -, and fuch Rules fct down as might direft
** and govern the Manner of their Proceeding j and
" that an Oath might be prefcribed by the Bill, which
**tlie Commiflioners ftiould take, for the impartial

Edward Earl e?/ Clarendon, Gfr. azi

^ Adminiftration of Juftice, and for the Profecution
^ and Execution of this Bill/' ^hich was tranfmitted
IS an A£t by the King. His Majefty ihade Choice Nm^cmnf.
of feven Gentlemen of very clear Reputations ; ©'^•^'^j^',^
of them being an eminent Sergeant atLaw, vfhomM^it/^'^
He made a Judge upon his Return from thence;
two others. Lawyers of very much Efteem ; and the
ochier four. Gentlemen of very good Extradtions, ex-
cellent Underftandings, and above all Sufpicion for
their Intemty, and genierally reputed to be fuperiour
t» any bale Tempution.

But this fecond Bill, before it could be tranfmiN
ted, took up as much Time as the former. The
fiune numerous Retinue of all Interefts from Ireland
iattended the King ; and all that had been laid in the J2* different
former Debates was again repeated, and almoft with w^TS**
the fame Pafllon and Impertinence. The Irijh made ^'«-
large Obfervations upon the Proceedings of the late
Commiflioners, to juftify thofe Fears and Appre-
henlions which They had formerly urged : And there
appeared too much Reafon to believe, that their
greateft Defign now was, rather to keep off any Set-
tlement, than that They hoped to procure fuch a one
as They dcfired ; relying more to find their Account
fix)m a general Diflatisfadlion, and the Diftraftion and
Confufion that was like to attend it, than from any
Determination that was like to be in their Favour^
Yet They had Friends in the Court, who made them
great Promifes ; which They could not be without,
fince They made great Promifes to thofe who were
to proteft them. There were indeed many particular
Men both of the Soldiers and Ad'oenturers^ who in
Refpeft of their many notorious and opprobrious
Aftions againft the Crown throughout their whole
Employment (and who even fince his Majefty^s Re-
turn had enough exprefled how little They were fatil-
fied with the Revolution) were fo univerfally odiou*;
both in England and Ireland^ that if their particular
Cafes could have been fevered from the reft, withgut

Viola.

2tz '^be Continuation of the Life of

Violation. of the Rule of Juftice that (ecured ^ the
reft, any Thing that could have been done to their
Detriment would have been grateful enough to every
Body.

After many very tedious Debates, in which hit
Majefty endeavoured by all the Ways He could think
of to find fome Expedient, that would enable him to
preferve the miferable Irijb from the Extremity f£
Mifery ; He found it neceflaij at laft, to, acquiefce
with a very pofitive AfTurance from the Earl of Ornrf
and others, who were believed to underftand Inkni
very exa£Uy, and who, upon the Surveys that had
been taken with great Punftuality, undertook, ^^ that
** there was Land enough to fatisfy all the Soldien
*^ and Adventurers^ and that there would be a very
^' great Proportion left for the Accommodation ca
«' the Irijh very liberally." And for the better Im-
' provement of that Proportion, the King prefcribed
fome Rules and Limitations to the immoderate Pie-
tences and Demands of the Soldiers and Adveniurers
upon the doubling Ordinance and imperfe£t Admeafure-
ment and fome other Irregularities, in which his
Majefty was not in Honour or Juftice obliged to

s^c.,^ Aa comply with them : And fo He tranfmitted this it-

ofscttkwaitcond BilU

^"'' Whilst this fecond Bill was under Deliberation,!

there fell out an Accident in Ireland^ which produced
great Alterations with Reference to the Aflairs of that
Kingdom. The Differences which had every Day
arifen between the three Juftices, and their different
Humours and ASe&ions, had little advanced the fet*
tling that Government; fo that there would have
been a Neceflity of making fome Mutation in it : So
that the Death of the Earl of Montratbj which hap-
pened at this Time, fell out conveniently enough to
the King ; for by it the Government was again loofc.
For the Earl of Orrery was in England ; and the Power
- refided not in lefs than two : So that the Chancellor,
.who remained fingle there, was without any Autho-
rity

I

Edward JE!<»-/^ CtAftENDoM, (Sc. ^t^

ritjr to aft. And They who took the moft dif-
pafikmed Survey of all that had been done, and
of what remained to be done, did conclude that No-»
thing could reafonably produce a Settlement there,
but the deputing one lingle Perfon to exercife that
Government. And the Duke of Albemarle YixmidfjTbiDuii^
who had a great Eftate in that Kingdom, which ^^J^^^
made him the more long for a Settlement, and who>a«/iw'
had before the King's Return and ever fince difluaded^^******'
the King from thinking of employing the Duke of
Ormcnd there, who had nimfelf Averfion enough from
dat Command, of which He had fufficient Expe-
lietice: I fay, the General, had now fo totally changed
\ his Mind, that He plainly told the King, *' that
[ " theic was no Way to explicate that Kingdom out
\ **of thofe Intricacies in which it was involved, but .
t **by fending over a Lord Lieutenant thither. That
"He thought it not fit for his Majefty*s Scr\»ice,
**that himfelf, who had that Commiffion of Lord
"Lieutenant, Ihould be abfent from his Perfon ; and
"therefore that He was very ready and dcfirous to
" give up his Commiffion : And that in his Judg-
" ment Nobody would be able to fettld and compofe
" the feveral Faftions in that Kingdom, but the Duke
" of Ormondj who He believed would be gratcfiil to
"all Sorts of People." And therefore He advifed
his Majefty very pofitively, " that He woud imme-
"diately give him the Commiffion, and as loon as
"Ihould be poffible fend him away into Ireland.**
And Both the King and the General fpake with thtAndtUDyu
Diikc of Ormondy and prevailed with him to accept^^^™^™*
it, before either of them communicated it to the ^
Chancellor, who the King well knew would for many
Reafons, and out of his great Friendfhip to the Duke,
diffiiade him from undertaking it \ which was very true.
And. the King and the Duke of Ormond came one
Day to the Chancellor, to advife what was to be
done for Ireland -^ and (concealing the Refolution) the
King told him what the GeneraFs Advice was, and

afked

ii^ the Continuation of the L^e tf

aiked him ^^ what He thought pf fending the Duke
*^ of Ormond his Lieutenant into Ireland.^ . To whidi
the Chancellor anfwered prefendy, ^^that the King
*^ would do very ill in (ending him» and that the Duke
^^ would do much worfe, if He defired to go." Up-
on which They Both fiAikd, and told hmi, ^that
*^ the General had prevailed with the King» and the
** King with the Duke ; fo that the Matter was rt^
^^ folved, and there remained Nothing to be done
*^but preparing the Inftruftions, which He muft
"think upon.'*
Thecimtd^ The Chancellor could not refrain fiom faying
^,^^^ very warmly, "that He was forry for itj and that
tbii. ^< it would be good for neither of them, that the
" Duke Ihould be from the King, or that He fhould
*^ be in Irelandj where He would be able to do no
" Good. Befides that He had given himfelf fb much
" to his Eafe and Pleafure fince He came into £1^-
*^land^ that He would never be able to take the
" Pains, which that moft labdrious Province would
"require.** He faid, "if this Counfel had been
"taken when the King came firft over, it might
" have had good Succels, when the Duke was fiiU of(i4
" Reputation, and of unqueftionable Intereft in Ws
" Majefty, and the King himlelf was more feared and
" reverenced than prefumed upon : So that the Duke
"would have had full Authority to have reftrained
" the exorbitant DeAres and Expedations of all the
^^feveral Parties, who had all GuUt enough upon
" their Hearts to fear fome Rigour from the King,
"or to receive moderate Grace with infinite Sub-
" miflion and Acknowledgment. But now the Duke,
" befides his withdrawing himfelf from all Bufincis
" as much ,as He could, had let himfelf fall to Fa-
"miliarities with all Degrees of Men; and upon
" their Averments had undertaken to proteft or at
"leaft to folicit Mens Interefts^ which it may be
" might not appear upon Examination to be founded
" upon Juftice. And the King himfelf had been ex-

** pofcd

Edward Earl of Clarendon, G?r.' 225

**pofcd to all Manner of Importunities, received all
••Mens Addrcffes, and heard all They would fay, .
** made many Promifes without Deliberation, and ap-
" peared h defirous to fatisfy all Men, that He was
••'irrcfolutc in all Things. And therefore till He had
•* taken fome firm and fixed Refolutions himfelf,
•*firom which neither Prejudice towards one Man,
" nor Pity and Compaflion on the Behalf of another,
••ftiould remove him ; the Lieutenant oi Ireland ^o\j\^
^ be able to do hini little Service, and would be him-
**felf continually expofed to Scorn and Afironts.**

And afterwards the Chancellor expoftulated warm-
ly with the Duke of Ormond (who well knew, that all
his Commotion proceeded from the Integrity of his
unqueftionable Friendlhip), and told him "that He
** would repent this ra(h Refolution -, and that He
** would have been able to have contributed more to
•* the Settlement of Ireland^ by being near the Perfon
.**of the King, than by being at Dublin^ from whence
•* in a (hort Time there would be as many Afperfions
"and Reproaches fent hither, as had been againft
" other Men ; and that He had no Reafon to be con-
** fident, that they would not make as deep Impreflion
" by the Arts and Induftry of his Enemies, of which
" He had Store, and would have more by being ab-
" fent, for the Court naturally had little Regard for
**any Man who was abfent. And that He carried
^ with him the fame Infirmity into Ireland with that
•* of- the King, which kept it trom being fettled here ;
** which was an Unwillingnefs to deny any Man what
" He could not but fee was impoffible to grant, and a
" Defire to pleafe every Body, which whofoever afFedk-
« cd fhould pleafe Nobody."

The Duke, who never took any Thing ill He
faid to him, told him, "that Nobody knew httt^v The D»kt ac*
** than He the Averfion He had to that Command, JJ^JJ* '
•* when it may be He might have undertalftn it with vHtbtiTne^-
" more Advantage.'* He confefled, "He faw niany{^/*^^^-
?' Dangers with Reference to himletfi which He knew ' "* ' '

Vol. JI, Q^ " not

226 The Continuation of the Life of '

" not how to avoid, and many Difficulties with Re-
" fcrence to the Publick, which He had little Hope
" to overcome ; yet Ireland muft not be given over:
^' And fince there feenoed to be a general Opinioiv
*' with which the King concurred, that He could be
" aWe to contribute to the compoling the Diftempers,
^and the fettling the Government ^ He would not
^ fufpedb faimfelf, but believe that He might be able
"to do fomcwhat towards it,** And He gave ha
Word to him^ ^' that Nothing (houtd be d^eftive on
*^ his Part in Point of Induftry \ for He was refolved
** to take indefatigable Pains for a Year or two, in
*' which He hoped the Settlement would be coni-
'^ pleated> that He might have Eafe and RecreatifiA
•* for the other Part of his Life.*' And He coih
fefled, '' that He did the more willingly eater upon
** that Province, that He might have the Opportunity
•' to fettle his own Fortune, which how great foever
" in Extent of Lands did not yet, by Reafon (tf the ik
** general Unfettlement> yield him a Quarter of the
'' Revenue it ought to do. That for wliat concerned
•* himfelf> and the Difadvantages He might undetgo
•* by his Abfence, He referred it to Providence and
** the King^s good Nature ; who,** He laid» " knew
" him better than any of his Enemies did ; and therc-
" fore. He hoped. He would believe bimfelf before
•* them.** However^ the Truth is. He was the more
difpofed to that Journey, by the DiAike He had of
the Court, and the neceflary Exercifes which Men
there were to excel in, for which He was fupenui*
nuated : And if He did not already diicern any Lef*
fening of the King's Grace towards him, H^ faw
enough to make him believe, that the contrary ought
not to be depended upon. And within, few Years
after. He had Caufe to remember what the Chancel*
^7Z«c»ArM/k>r had foretold him of Both their Fortunes. The
^wT^'^ Duke (^Ah the feven Commiffioners who were ap*
/drMiAd. pointed for that A£t of Settlement^ and all other Per*^
ions who attended that Intereft) entered upon his

Joumcy

Edward Earl g/* Clarendon, &c. . 227

Journey from London about the End of Jufyj in the
Tear one thoufand fix hundred fixty and four, full
four Years and more after the King's happy Return
into England.

I T was fome Months after the Commiflioners Ar-
rival in Irtlandy before They could fettle thofe Orders
«id Rules for their Proceedings, which were neceffary
to be done, before the People (hould be appoinced to
attend. And it was neceffary, that They (hould in
the Order of their Judicatory firft proceed upon the
Demands and Pretences of the Iri/b ; both becaute
there could be no Settlement rf Soldiers or Adven-
hirers in Poflellion of any Lands, before the Titles of
the Iri/b to thofe Lands were determined ; and becaufe
diere was a Claufe in the laft Aft ci Parliament, that
iH the Irijb (hould put in their Claims by a Day ap-
pmnted» and that they (hould be determined before
another Day, which was likewife a(r]gned; which
Days might be prolonged for once by the Lord Lieu-
tenant, upon fiich Reafons as fatisfied him : So that
Ae Delay for (b many Months before the Commif-
fioners fate, gave great Argument of Complaint to
the Iri/b^ though it could not be avoided, iii Regard
that the Commiflioners themfelves had not been no-
fninated by the King above twenty Days before They
began their Journey into Ireland ; fo that They could
never fo much as read over the Ads of Parliament
ttMether, before They came to Dublin. And then
They found fo many difficult Claufcs in Both Afts of
Fatfiament, and (b contrary to each other, that it
^(ras no eafy Matter to determine how to govern them-
S^es in Point of Right, and to reduce themfelves to
tey Method in their Proceedings.

But after They had adju(ted all Things as well
as They could, They publilhed their Orders in what tu cmm[.
Method They meant to proceed, and appointed the-^^/J^S
hift) to put in their Claims by iuch a Day, and tOAUib^of
attend the Profecution of them accordingly. And^'**^**
They iiad no feoner entered upon their Wdtk, but

0^2 the

2:28 I'be Continuation of the Life of

the Englijh thought They had began it loon enoughr
For They heard every IDay many of the Irijh^ who
had been koown to have been the moft forward in the
firft Beginning of the Rebellion, and the moft m;v-
ficious in the carrying it on, declared innocent -, and
.Deeds of Settlement and Entails which had been never
heard of before, and which would have been produced
*(as might reafonably be believed) before the former
Commiflioners, if They h^d had them to produce,
now declared to be good and valid •, by which the Irijb
-were immediately put into the Poffeflion of a veiy
. great Quantity of Land taken from the Englijh : So
that in a fhort Time the Commiflioners had rendered
themfclves as generally odious as the Irijhy and were
looked upon as Perfons corrupted for that Intereft,
which had every Day Succefs almoft in whatfoeverC"
They pretended. And their Determinations^ happen-
ed to have the more of Prejudice upon them, becauie
. the Commiflioners were always divided in their Judg-
ments. And it is no Wonder, that They who feem-
cd moft to adhere to the Englijb Intereft were moft
efteemed by them.

The Parliament in Ireland was then fitting : And
. the Houfe of Commons, confifting of many Mem-
bers who were either Soldiers or Adventurers^ or had
the like Intereft, was very much offended at the Pro-
ceedings . of the Commiflioners, made many Votes
againft them, and threatened them with their Autho-
' rity and Jurifdiftion. But the Commiflioners, who
knew their own Power, and that there was no Appeal
againft their Judgments, proceeded ftill in their own
Method, and continued to receive the Claims of the
Irijhy beyond the Time that the Aft of Parliament
or the Aft of State limited to them, as was gene-
rally underftood. And during the laft eight or ten
Days Sitting upon thofc Claims, They paflcd more
Judgments and Determinations than in near a Year
• • before, indeed with very wonderful Expedition ; when
• %h^£,nglijh who were dilpoflTcffed by thofc Judgments

had

Edward E^r/ ^ Clarendon, ^c. zig,

iad not their Witnefles ready, upon a Prefumption,

that in Point of Time it was not poflible for thofe

Caufes to come to be heard. By thefe Sentences and^''.^'^<«.

Decrees, many hundred Thoufands of Acres were ad-^^/rA^*

judged to the Irijh^ which had been looked upohas^r**

unqueftionably forfeited, and of which the Englijh had

been long in Poffeflion accordingly.

This raifed fct great a Clamour, that the Englijb
rtftifed to yield Poffeflion upon the Decrees of the
Commiffioners, who, by an Omiffion in the Aft of
Parliament, were not qualified with Power enough to
provide for the Execution of their own Sentences.
The Courts of Law eftabliftied in that Kingdom
would not, nor indeed could, give any Afliftance
to the Commiffioners. And the Lord. Lieutenant
and Council, who had in the Beginning, by their Au-
thority, put many into the Poflcffion of the Lands!
which'had been decreed to them by the Commiffioners,
were now more tender and r-cferved in that Multitude
of Decrees that had lately paffed : So that the Irijl^
were ufing their utmoft Endeavours, by Force to re-
cover the Poffeffion of thofe Lands which the Com-
miflioners had decreed to them ; whilft the Englijh,
were likewife refolved by Force to defend what They
had been fo long poffeffed of, notwithftanding the
Commiflioners Determination* And the Commiflioners
were fo far troubled and diffatisfied with thefe Pro-
ceedings, and with fome intricate Claufes in the A^
of Parliament concerning the future Proceedings ;
that, though They had not yet made any Entrance
upon the Decifion of the Claims of the Englijh or of
the Irifh Proteftants^ They declared " that They woul4
" proceed no farther in the E:^ecution of their Com-
" miffion, until They could receive his Majefty's far-
**ther Pleafure." And that They might the more
effedtually receive it. They defired Leave from the
King that They might attend his Royal Perfon j
and there being at the fame Time feveral Complainxs .
^ade againft them to his Majefty, and Appeals to

0^3 him

^3^ ^^^ Continuaiion (f the Life rf

him from their Decrees, H« eave the Commi0]Oiiers
Leave to return. And at the feme Time all the othdr
Interefts fent their Deputies to iblicit their Rights ;
in the Profecution whereof, after much Time ^nt,
lifte King thought fit likewife to receive the Advice
and Afliftance of his Lieutenant : And b the Duke
of Ormond returned again to the Court. And the
Settlement of Ireland was the third Time brought be-
^rbeSfferm forc the King and Council; dicre being then likewife
f ^ aSf tr^nfmitted a third Bill, as additional and fupplemen-
lytbiKif^. tal to the other two, and to reverfe many of the De-
crees made by the Commiffionec|s, They bearing the
Reproach of all that had been clone or had fucceeded(»
amifs, and from allPerfons who were grieved in what
Kind focver.

The King was very tender of the Reputation of
his Commiffioners, who had been always efteemed
Men of great Probity and unqueftionai^e Reputation :
And though He could not refufc to receive Com-
plaints, yet He gave thofe who complained no farther
Countenance, than to give the others Opportunity to
vindicate themfelves. Nor did there appear the leaft
Evidence to queftion the Sincerity of their Proceed-
ing, or to make them liable to any reafbnable Suf-
picion of Corruption ; And the Complaints were ftill
profecuted by thofe, who had that taken from them
which They defu-ed to keep for themfelves.
Vbejiithcr't The Truth is ; there is Reafon enough to beliete,
•^c^^^ that upon the firft Arrival of the Commiffioners in
^i^s^tbt' Ireland^ and fome Converfation They had, and the
Cmmffamtrt. Qblervation They made of th6 great Bitterncfs and
Animofities from the Englijh^ both Soldiers and Ad-^
venturers^ towards the whole Irifb Nation of what
Kind foever ; the fcandalous Proceeding of the late
Commiffioners upon the firft Aft, when They had
not been guided by any Rules of Juftice, but rejedled
all Evidence, which might operate to the taking
away any Thing from them which They refolved to
keep, the Judges themfelves being both Parties and

Ebwari> Earl g/* Clarendon, &c. i^i

Wiinefies in all the Caufes brought before them ; to-
gether with the very ill Reputation very many of the
Soldiers and jUventurers had for extraordinary Malice
to the Crown, and to the Royal Family -, and the
M^akk^ Barbaiity They had excrcifed towards the Irijh^
who without Doubt for many Years had undergone
the meft cruel Oppreffions of all Kinds that can be
imaged, many Thoufands of them having been
forced, without being covered under any Houfc, to
perifli m the c^en Fields for Hunger •, tne infamous
PUrehafes which had been made by many Perfons,
who had compelled the irijb to fell their Remainders
ttd lawful Pretences for very inconfiderablc Sums of
Money : I fey, thefe and many other Particulars of
ttus Kind, together with fome Attempt that had
Jkeen .made upon their firft Arrival, to corrupt them
iffiainft all Pretences which (hould be made by the
hifoy might jprobably difpofe the Commiffioners thcm-
felves to fuch a Prejudice againfl many of the Englijh^
and to fuch aCompaflion towards the Ir^^ that They
mi^t be much inclined to favour their Pretences and
Claims ; and to believe that the Peace of die King-
dom and his Majefty*s Government might be better
provided for, by their being fetded in the Lands of
which They had been formerly poffeffcd, than by fup-
porting the ill |ptten Tides of thofe, who had mani-
fofted all iraagmable Infidelity and Malice againft his
Majefty whilft They had any Power to oppofe him, and
had not given anyTeftimony of their Converfion, or of
their Refolution to yield him for the future a perfedt
and entire Obedience after They could oppofe him
no longer ; as if They defired only to retain thole
Lands whicli They had gotten by Rebellion, togethei^
with the Principles by which They had gotten them,
«ntil They (hould have an Opportunity to juftify Both
by fome new Power, or a Concurrence ampngft them*
fclves. Whencefoever it proceeded, it was plain enough
the Irijh had received more Favoiu* than was expefted
or imagined

And

232 The CGntinuation of the Life of

A N D in the very Entrance into the Work, to
avoid the Partiality which was too apparent in the
Englijb towards each other, and their Animofity againft
the Irijh as evident, very ftrift Rules had been fet
down by the Commiflioners, what Kind of Evidence
They would admit to be good, and receive accord*
ingly. And it was provided, " that the Evidence of
*' no Soldier or Adventurer (hould be received in any
*'Cafe, to which himfelf was never fp much a
" Stranger •," as, if his own Lot had fallen in Mun-^i^^i
fier^ and He Iiad no Pretence to any Thing out of
that Province, his Evidence (hould not be received,
• as to any Thing that He had feen done in Leinlier
or Conaugbt or Uljler^ wherein .He was not at all con-
cerned : Which was generally thought to be ^ very
unjuft Rule, after fo many Years expired, and fo
many Perfons dead, who had likewife been prefent
at thofe Adions. And by this Means many Men
were declared not to have been in Rebellion, when
there might have been full Evidence, that They had
been prefent in fuch and fuch a Battle, and in fuch
and fuch a Siege, if the Witnefles might have been
received who were then prefent at thofe Aftions, and
ready to give Teftimony of it, and of fuch Circum-
ftances as could not have been feigned, if their Evi-
dence miglv have been received,
re$mfmyof That which raifcd the greateft Umbrage againft
J^^^^";^the Commiflioners was, that a great Number of the
tbdrj^ata. moft infamous Perfons of the Irijb Nation, who were
looked upon by thofe of their own Country with the
greateft Deteftatjon, ^s Men who had been the moft vio-
lent Fomenters and Profecutors of the Rebellion, an^
the greateft Oppofers of all n^oderate Counfels, and
of all Expedients >yhich might have contributed to-
wards a Peace in the late King's Time (whereby the
Nation might have been redeemed), and who had
not had the Confidence fo much as to offer any Claim
before the late Commiflioners, were now adjudged
and declared innocent, and fo reftored to their Eftates;

And

Edwarp Earl of Clarendon, Gfr. 233

And that ijiany other, who in Truth had never been Mofynvio
in Rebellion, but notorioufly ferved the King againft ^^"^
the Reb^ both in England and Ireland^ and had never 'baJ^^.
been put out of their Eftates, now upon fome flight
Evidence, by the Interception of Letters, or Confef-
fion of Meflengers that They had had Correfpondence
with the Rebels (though it was evident that even that
Cprreipondehce had been perfunftory, and only to
fccurc them that They might purfue his Majefty's
Scrvicip), were condemned, and had their Eftates
taken from them, by the Judgment of the Commif-
fioners.

And of this I cannot forbear to give an Inftance, AiiiiUmet
and the rather, that it may appear how much a per- %^^^J]^^
fonal Prejudice, upon what Account foever, weighs E^ufTyt-^
and prevails agairtft Juftice itfelf, even with Men who ^°'*'*^
are not in their Natures Friends to Injuftice. It was
the Cafe of the Earl of Tyrconnelly and it was this*
He was the younger Son of the Lord Fitzwilliams a
Catholick Lord in Irelandj but of ancient Englijb Ex-
traftion, of a fair Eftate, and never fufpefted to be.
inclined to the Rebels -, as very few of the Englijb
were. Oliver Fitzwilliams (who was the Perfon We
are now fpeaking of, and die younger Son of that
Lord Fitzwilliams ) had been fent by his Father into
France^ to be there educated, many Years before the
Rebellion. He was a proper and a handfome Man,
and by his Courage had gotten a very goqd Reputa-
tion in the French Army ; where, after He had fpcnt
fome Years in the Campagna^ He obtained the Com-
mand of a Regiment in which He had been firft a
Captain, and was looked upon generally as an excel*,
lent Officer.

When the Army. was fent into Winter-Quarters,
He went to Faris to kifs the Hands of the Queen of
England^ who was come thither the Summer before,
it being in the Year 1644. Having often waited
upon her Majefty, He made many Profeffions of
puty and Obedience to the King, and much con-
demned

^34 ^ Continuation of the Life of

demned the Rebellion of the Irijh^ and laid, ^^ He
•• knew many of them were cozened and deceived by
" Tales and Lies, and had no Purpofe to withdraw
^'thcmfelves from his Majcfly*s Obetlience.** He
made Oflfer of his^ Service to the Queen, " and that,
♦* if She thought He miffht be able to do the King("
**any Service, He would immediately go into Eng-^
*♦ hnuL, and with his Majefty's Approbation into Ire-
^* land^ where if He could do no other Service, He
" was confident He could draw off many of the Irijb
" from the Service of the Rebeh." The Queen, up-
on the good Reputation He had there, accepted his
Oficr, and writ a Letter by him to the King, with a
very good Charafter of his Perfiwi, and as very fit to
be trufted in Ireland.

It was his Fortune to come to the King very few
Days before the Battle of Nafeby^ where as a Volun-
teer in the Troop of Prince Rupert^ He behaved him-
fclf with very fignal Courage in the View of the King
himfelf ; who (hordy after gave him a Letter full of
Recommendatibn and Teftimony to the Marquis of
€>nnond his Lieutenant of Ireland^ who received him
kindly, and having conferred with him at large, and
underftood all He intended to do, gave him Leave
to go into the Trijh Quarters and to return again, as
He thought fit. And in a fhort Time after, both
kis Father and his elder Brother died ; whereby both
the Title and the Eftate devolved to him, and He
was poflefled accordingly.

The Man was before and in his Nature elate and
proud enough, had a greater Value of himfelf than
other Men had, and a lefs of other Men than They
deferved, whereby He got not himfelf beloved by
many -, but Nobody who loved him worft ever fuf-
pefted him to incline to the Rebels, though They
knew that He was often in their Quarters, and had
often Conferences with them : And a good Part erf
his Eftate lay in their Quarters. He attended upon
the Lord Lieutenant in all hb Expeditions : And

when

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 235

when the Irijh fo infamoufly broke the firft Peace,
and befieged the Lieutenant in Dublin (upon which
He was compelled to deliver it into the Hands of the
Parliament with the King's Confent), the Lord Fitz^
wilUams returned with him or about the fame Time
into England^ and from thence again into France-,
where He married the Daughter of the Widow Coun-
teis of Clare, and Sifter to that Earl, a Lady of a Re«
ligion the moft oppofite to the Roman Catholick^
which He fuffi^red her to enjoy without any Contra-
di&ion. When the War was at an End in England^
and the King a Prifoner, He with his Wife and Fan
mily tranfported himfelf into England, and after fome
Time into Ireland \ where Cromwell had a jealous Eye
upon him, but not being able to di(cover any Thing
againft him, could not hinder him from poflefling
the Eftate that had defcended to him from his Father
and his elder Brother. And the War being there
ended, and the Settlement made by the Ad of Par^
liament upon the Statute, as hath been mentioned
before, there was not the leaft Trouble given to him ;
but He quietly enjoyed the Pofleflion of his whole
Eftate till the King's Return, when He came into
England to kifs his Majelty's Hand, and was by him*
made Eard of Tyrconnell.

When the Commiffioners late upon the firft Aft,
who ©bferved no Rules of Juftice, Law or Equity,
when they contradifted any Intercft or Appetite of
their own, He received no Difturbance; but when
thefe new Commiflioners came over, all Men, as well
Proteftants as others, whofe Eftates had never been
queftioned, thought it fafcft for them to put in their
Claims before the Commiffioners, to prevent any
Trouble that might arife hereafter. This Gentleman
followed that Advice and Example, put in his Claim,
and prefted the Commiffioners for a ihort Day to be
heard. The Day was appointed. Neither Adrjenturer,
Soldier, or any other Perfon, made any Title to the
Land : But fome envious Perfoo, unqualified for any

Pro-

236 :The Continuation of tbeHjife of

Profccucion, offered a Letter to the Commiflionerf
which had many Years before, and before his Com-(i:
ing into Ireland^ been written by Colonel Fitzwilliams
in Paris to a J^fuit^ one Hartogan^ then in Ireland ; in
whicli He gave him Notice **of his Purpofe of com-
" ing into Ireland^ where He hoped to do their Friends
^' fome Service/*

This Letter was writ when the Queen firft defign-
cd to fend him to the King, that the Irijb^ who were
the moft jealous People in the World, might know
of his Purpofe to come thither, before They (hould
hear of his being in Dublin ; and now being produced
before the Commiflioners, without confidering how
long fince it was writ or the Reafon of writing it,
that He had ferved the King, and never in the leaft
Degree againft him, upon one of their Rules, ** that
" a Correfpondence with the Rebels was a good Evi-
** dence,** They without any Paufe declared him no-
cent, and prefcntly affigndd his Eftate to fome Per-
fons to whom Reprifals were to be made : Whilft
They who thought the Judgment very unjuft, laugh-
ed at the ill Luck of a Man whom They did not
love ; and all Men were well enough pleafed with the
Sentence, who were difpleafed with the Perfon. And
this Party purfued him fo feverely into Englandy that
the King's Interpofition to redeem him from fo unjuft
a Decree, was looked upon as overfavouring the
Irijb ; when none were fo glad of the Decree as the
A^ijby who univerfally hated him. Nor was He at
laft reftored to the Pofleffion of his Eftate, without
making fome Compofition with thofe to whom the
Commiffioners had afTigned it.
Matiy Decrees Many, who had formerly made their Claims with^'
'^/J^s out infifting upon any Deeds of Settlement or other
HoiaiiMfy Conveyances in Law, now produced former Setde-
fo^zed. ments in Confideration of Marriage, or other like
good Confiderations in Law, made before the Begin-
ning of the Rebellion : Which being now proved by
Witneflcs enough, Decrees were every Day obtained

for

EdwaKd Earl of Clarendon, S?r. 2^7

for the Rcftitutiori of great Quantities of Land upon
thoTe Deeds' and Conveyances ; though the Forgeries
of thofe Deeds and Perjury of thofe Witnefles were
very notorious. And fome Inftanccs were given of
the Manifeftation and dired Proof that was made of
the Forgery of Deeds, upon which Decrees had been
made, to the Satisfaftion of the Commiflioners them*
felyes, within a very fhort Time after the pronouncing
thofe Decrees : And yet no Reparation was given, but
the Decrees proceeded and were executed with all
Rigour, as if no fuch Thing had appeared.

The Commiflioners anlwered, "that They h^A'iieCmmmf.
" made no Decrees but according to their Confciencesi^^JJ^^^
"and fuch as They. were obliged to make by the
" Courfe and Rule of Juftice. That They did doubt
"and in Truth believe, that there had been evil
" Practices uled both in the foiling of Deeds and
"corrupting of Witnefles, and that the fame was
" equally pra£lifed by the Englijb as the Irijh : And
" therefore that They had been obliged to make that
" Order, which had been fo much excepted againfl:;
" no^ to admit the Tejlimowf of any Englifli Adventurer
" or Soldier in the Cafe of another Adventurer or Soldier ;
" for that it was very notorious. They looked upon
*' the Whole as one joint Interefl:, and fo gratified
"each other in their Tefl:imonies." And of this .
They gave many lad Inftances, by which it was too
evident that the Perjuries were mutual, and too much
praftifed by one and the other Side.

"That They had ufed all the Providence and
" Vigilance They could, by the careful Examination
"of Witnefles (which were produced apart, and ne-
" ver in the Prefence of each other), and by afking
"them all fuch material Queftions as occurred to
"their Underftandings, and which They could not
" expedt to be aflccd, to difcover the Truth, and to
(«:6)" prevent and manifeft all Perjuries. That They had
" likewife ufed their utmoft Diligence and Care, to
t^ prevent their being impofed upon with falfe and

"forged*

1

438 ^^ Cmthmation nf the Life of

^ forged Deeds and Conveyances, by taking a preciie
*• and ftrid View themielves erf" all Deeds prodiKed ;
•* and interrogated the Witneflfes with all the Cunning
^^Tbey could, upon the Matter and Confideration
*• upon which fuch Deeds had been entered into, and
•* upon the Manner and CircumftMces in the Execu-
♦* tion thereof: Which was all the Providence They
** could ufe. And though They met with many Rea*
** fons (^tentimes to doubt the Integrity of the Pro-
•* ceedings, and in their own private Confciences to
** apprehend there might be great Corruption ; yet
** that They were obliged judicidly to determine ac-
^ cording to the Tcftimony of the Witneflfes, and the
** Evidence of thofe Deeds in Law againft which no
**Prooft were made. That They had conftantly
** heard all that the advcrfe Party had thought fit to
•^objeft, both againft the Credit of any Witneflfes,
**and tte Truth and Validity of any Conveyances
•* which were produced ; upon which They had re-
** je6l?ed many Witneflfes, and difallowed fome Con-
•* veyanoes : But when the Objeftions were only
^^ founded upon Prefumpdons and Probabilities, as
*• moft uiually they were, they could not weigh down
" the full and categorical Evidence that was given.**

"That if They had yielded to the Importunities
** of the Perfons concerned, who often preflfed to have
'** farther Time given to them to prove fuch a Per-
**jury, or to difprove fuch a Conveyance; it muft
**have made their Work emflefs, and ftopped afl
•* Manner of Proceedings, for which it appeared They
•* were ftreightened too much in Time : And that in-
** deed would have but opened the Door wider for
^ Peijuries and other Corruptions ; fince it was very
** plain to them, that either Side could bring as many
** Witneflfes as They pleafcd, to prove what They
*• pleafed, and that They would bring as many as
•••They believed neceflary for the Work in Hand.
'^ And therefore the Commiffioners having before pre-
*• fcribed a Method and Rule tx> thcmfelvcs for their

"Pro-

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. ftj^

^^ Prooeedings, and that no Man could have a Caufir^
«* in whidi He was concerned, brought to Hearing
^' without his knowing when it was to be heard, and
^ fo it was to be prefumed, that He Was well pnK>
^^ vided to fupport his own Title ; They had thought
^' fit, unon nuture Deliberation amon^ themfelves^
^to adlbkcre to the Order They had prefcribed to
^ cheoifelvts and others, and to condbde, that They
««woiild not be able to prore tnR another Day»
•* whicb They were not able to prove at the Time
" when They ought to have been ready."

•* Fon the Difcovery of any Forgerv rfter the Dc-

^ crees had been pafledt ^d upon which They had

" given no Reparation,'' They confeiOfed, •* that fome

*^few fuch Difcoveries had been made to them, by

'^ which the Forgery appeared very clirarly : But a$

** They had no Power by the Aft rf Parliament to

"puniih either Forgery or Perjury, but mull kave

'^thc £acA(nination and Punifhment thereof to the

^ Law atid to the Judg^ of the Law •, fc^ that Thev

^had only Authority to make Decrees upon fucn

*^ Grounds as fadsfied their Confciences, but had not

•* any Authority to reverie thofc Decrees, after they

^ were once made and publiflied, upon any Evidence

'^ whatfoever." They concluded with their humble

Defire to the King, ^' that the vncA ftriA Examina-^

^^dons might be made of their Corruptions, in

" which,** They faid, " They were fure to be found

'^ very innocent, againft all the Malice that was dii^

" covered agaii^ them : That They had proceeded

*^ in all Things according to the Integrity of their

^ Hearts, and the bcft of their Underftandings j and

** if through the Defedt of that They had erred in

(^7)" any Part of their Determinations and Judgments,

" They hoped their Want of Wiidom (hould not be

^ imputed to them as a Crime.**

Many, who had a very good Opinion of the Vtv^iimrDifim
fons and Abilities of the Commiffioncrs, were not Y^tJ^.^^
latisficd with their Depots nor did They believe,^ ^^^*

that

238 The Continuation of the Life of ^-*

" forged Deeds and Conveyances, by t^ianf^ ^
** and ftria View themlelvcs of all Dccds^ ^^^ ^
** and interrogated die Witnefles with al|, ^. %.
"They could, upon the Matter ani? | *;, f^;
♦• upon which fuch Deeds had been | 'l.f^ \ %
*' upon the Manner and CircumftiP £ | < % V-
*• tion thereof : Which was all | f ^ r V- r r^
** could ufe. And though Thr S^| ^ | -^. \'^ \
*' fons oftentimes to doubt f> ^ 1 '^ ?*- ;= -r ■ '*
"ceedings, and in their off |^| f "^ 'A '\
"apprehend there might ^ lj.^t^\v *-• ;,* *.
" that They were oblige i| Pi -l^ ^^ " "'
" cording to the Tcftis| | ^ " ' ^" ^ *'
"Evidence of thofelJI'^C
"Proofs were n^f^ ^
" heard all that th^ f ^ g;* \
"objeft, both«/?U>^ ^
"and the Trut'Jf |.
"which were y?/*^

,«CCS.

jcftcd mttfty? * ^- V°^^ ^^^

" vcyanoci ? J "P^^ Reafons which

"founded/ •"^'» ^^ '^^^ '^^"g poffiblc

" moft U? nimfelf againft the Cl^ms of

" the fr snowing what Deeds or Witneffes

«c Y jduce for making good their Suggef-

«c of Jierefore it was as impoflible for them to

jM fe their Evidence upon the Place. Befides that
«c • J very evident, that in the laft ten Days of their
• jcing (which was likewilc thought to be when their

i^wer as to thofe Particulars was determined, and in
»vhich They had made more Decrees than in all the
Xime before). They had made fo many in a Day,
contrary to their former Rule and Method, that Men
were plainly furprifed, and could not produce thole
Proofs which in a fhort Time They might have been
fupplied withj and the refufmg to allow them that
Time, was upon the Matter to determine their In-
tercft, and to take away their Eftates without being
once heard, and upon the bare Allegations of their

Advcr-

249 7i&^ Continuation of the Life if

fhat They were fo ftriftly bound to judge upon the
Teftimony of fufpcfted Witneffes;* but that They
were therefore trufted with an arbitrary Power, be-
caufe it was forefeen that Juries were not like to be
entire : So that They were, upon weighing all Cir-
cumftanceS, to declare what in their Confciences They
believed to be true and julL That if They had
bound thcmfday up by too ftridt and unreaionable
Jlules, They flnuld rather in Time have reformed
thofe Rules, than think to fupport what was done
amifs, by the Obfervation of what They had prc-
fcribed to themfelves. And it was believed, that the
entire Exclufion of the Englifi> from being Witneflcs
for the proving of what could not in Nature be other-
wife proved, was not juft or reafonablc. That their
Want of Power to reverie or alter their own Decrees,
upon any emergent Reafons which could afterwards
occur, was a juft Ground for their more ferious De-
liberation in and before They pafled any fuch Decrees.
And their Excufe for not granting longer Time when
it was prefled for, was founded upon Reafons which
were vifibly not to be juftified; it not being pofljble
for any Man to defend himfelf againft the Claims of
the Irijb^ without knowing what Deeds or Witneffes
They could produce for making good their Su^cf-
tions i and therefore it was as impoflible for them to
have all their Evidence upon the Place. Befides that
it was very evident, that in the laft ten Days of their
Sitting (which was likewife thought to be when their
Power as to thofe Particulars was determined, and in
which They had made more Decrees than in all the
Time before). They had made fo many in a Day,
contrary to their former Rule and Method, that Men
were plainly furprifed, and could not produce thole
JProofs which in a fhort Time They might have been
fuppiied with; and the refufing to allow them that
Time, was upon the Matter to determine their In-
tereft, and to take away their Eftates without being
once heard, and upon the bare Allegations of their

Advcr-

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c, 241

Adver&ries. And in thefe laft Decrees many Irt^
ifauiccs were given of that Nature, wherein the Evi-
dence appeared to be very full, if Time had been
given to produce it.

Th SRI was one very notable Cife decreed by the ADtemh
Commiflioners extremely complained of, and <^ricd J^/j*«
out agunft by all Parties, as well Irijh as EngUJb \ AnS^ta.
and for which the Commiflioners themfelves made no 2^f?'
other Excuie or Defence, blit the Receipt of a Letter ^^""^
firom the King, which was not thought a good Plea
for fworn Judges, as the Commiflioners were. It was
the Cafe of the Marquis of Antrim. Which Cafe
having been (b much upon the Stage, and fb much
enlarged upon to the Reproach of the King, and
even to the traducing of the Memory of his bleflcd Fa-
ther ; and thole Men, who artificially contrived the
doing of all that was done amifs, having done all
They could to wound the Reputation of the Chancel-
br, and to get it to be believed, " that He had by
•* fome finifter Information mifled the King to oblige
^ the Marquis : ** It is a Debt due to Truth, and
to the Honour of Both their Majeflies, to fet down
a very particular Narration of that whole Affair ; by
which it will appear, how far the King was from to
much as willing that any Thing fliould be done for
the Benefit of the Marquis, which fhould be contrary
to the Rules of Juftice.

, Wh 1 L s T his Majefty was in foreign Parts, He A^m^pgtH^
received frequent Advertifements from England and^^^g[^g|^
fit>m Ireland^ " that the Marquis of Antrim behaved I/a^S^
"himfelf very undutifuUy towards him; and that^'^''

M)" He had made himfelf very grateful to the Rebels,
" by calumniating the late King : And that He had
*• given it under his Hand to Iretcn^ or fome other
" principal jPerfon employed under Cromwell^ that bis
" late Majefty bad fent bim into Ireland to join with
" the Rebels^ and that bis Majejty nvas not offended with
^tbe Irifli for entering into that Rebellion:'' Which
vas a Calumny fo falfe and fo odious, and refiefted

voin. R fo

242 ^^^^ Continuation of the Life of

fo much upon the Honour of his Majefty, that the
King w^ rcfolved, as (oon as God ihould put it into
his Power, to caufe the ftrideft Examination to be
made concerning it ; the Report having gained much
Credit with his Majefty, by the Notoriety that the
Marquis had piiocured great Recommendations from
thofe who governed in Ireland^ to thofe who governed
ia England $ and' that upon the Prefumpdon of duu;
He had come into England^ and as far as St. AUshs
towards London^ from whence He had been forced
fuddenly to return into Inland by the Activity of hb
many Creditors, who upon the News of his Coming
had provided for his Reception, and would unavoidably
have call: him into Prifon. And no Recommenda*
tion could have inclined thofe who were M Autho*
rity, to do any Thing extraordinary for the PTOtedtioki
. of a Peribn, wha irom the Beginning of the Ir^
Rebellion lay under fb ill a Charader with them^ and
kad fo ill a Name throughout the Kingdom.

The King had been very few Days in L^ndeny
after his Arrival from the Parts beyond the Seasy
when He was informed that the Marquis of jintrim
was upon his Way from Ireland towands the Court :
And the Commiffioners from Ireland^ who have beta
mentioned before, were the firft who gave his Ma-
jefty that Information, and at the fame Time told
him all that his Majefty had heard before concerning
the Marquis, and of the bold Calumnies with which
He had traduced his Royal Father, with many other
Particulars; "all which,** They affirmed, "would
•* be proved by unqueftionable Evidence, and by
"Letters and Certificates under his own Hand."
Upon this full Information (of the Truth whereof
his Majefty entertained no Doubt), as foon as the
Marquis came to the Town, He was by the King^i
^cial Order committed to the Tower i nor could
any Petition from him, or Intreaty of his Friends^
of which He had fome very powerful, prevail wiA
his Majefty to admit him into his Prefence* But hy

Edward Earl of Clarzhhov, &c. 1143

the firft Opportunity He was fent Prifoner to DuBtin^
where He was committed to the CaftUi the King
having given Direftion, that He ihould be pro-
ceeded againft with all Stridnefs according to Law .:
Aftd to that Purpofe, the Lords Juftices were re-
quired to give all Orders and Direftions neceffary.
The Marquis ftill prpfefled and avowed hi$ Innocence,
and u(ed all the Means He could to procure that He
might be (peedily broyght to his Trial ; which the King
likewife expeded. But after a Year's Detention in
ftiSoTii and Nothing brought againft him. He was
^t at Liberty, and had a Pafs given him from the
Council there to go into England. He then applied
j^mielf %o his Majefty, demanding Npthing of Far
▼our, but &id, " He expefted Juftice \ and that after
*• tci 9)any Years being deprived of his Efta^e, He
^Vniight at laft be reftored to it, if Nothing could be
^o^;))C4^d againft him wherein He had diuer vcd his
"Majefly."

H s W4$ a Gentleman who had been bred up in the
Court 9f England^ and having married the Dutches
of Bu^Jdngbam (though againft the King'3 Will) He
jiad b^9n afterwards very well received by Both their
Majefties, and was frequently in their P^efence. He
Ju^d )^nc a very va(l Eftate in the Court, without
Wing, ever received the Jeaft Benefit from it. He
ji|l4 retin^d into Inland^ ^nd lived upon. his own Eftate
>Q that Country, fpme Years before the Rebellion
4i>rfikc put i in the Beginning whereof He had under^
(u9}goiie fome Sufpicipn, having held fome Correfpon-
4^ncc with the Rebels, and poflibly made fome Un-
4eit9J^ingS to them : But He went fpeedily to Dnblmx
.frfl3 W^U- xeceived by the Juftices there, and froqfi
4ibe»cc tr^nfported himfelf with their Licenfe to Oht
f§r4^ where the King was; to whom He gave fo
.^Qpd an Account of all that had paiTed, that his Ms-
j^ ijwde no Doubt pf his Affection to his Service,
iJxHIgh He had very little Confidence in his Judg-
iwot m^ Uaderlteftdiijg, wl^ich were n^vcr areiwrk-

R 2 able.

244 ^^^ Continuation of the Life of

able. Befides that it was well known, that He had 2t
•very unreafonable Envy towards the Marquis of Or*
fnondj and would fain have it believed that his Intereft
•in Ireland was fo great, that He • could reclaim that
whole Nation to his Majefty's Obedience ; but that
Vanity and Prefumption never gained the leaft Credit
with his Majefty : Yet it may reafonably be believed
that He thought fo himfelf, and that it was the Source
from which all the bitter Waters of his own Misfor-
tune iffued.

Upon the Scots fecond Entering into England with
their Army upon the Obligation of the Covenant^ and
all hi5 Majefty*s Endeavours to prevent it beins; dif-
^ppointed, the Marquis of Mcuntrofe had propofed to
the King, " to make a Journey privately into Sm-
*^landj and to get into the Highlands^ where, with
4«his Majefty *s Authority, He hoped He fhould be
*^ablc to draw together fuch a Body of Men, as
** might give his Countrymen Caufe to call for their
^* own Army out of England^ to fecure thcmfelves.**
lAnd with this Overture or upon Debate thereof. He
-wifhed ** that the Earl of Antrinf^ ( for He was then
no more) " might be likewife fent into XJlfitTy where
*' his Intereft lay, and from whence He would be able
:•* to tranfport a Body of Men into the Highlands^
^* where He had likewife the Clan of MacdonnelSy who
** acknowledged him to be their Chief, and would be
i<< confcquently at his Devotion ; by which Means,
•*^ the Marquis of Mountrofe would be enabled the
** more powerfiilly to proceed in his Undertaking,**
The Earl of Antrim entered upon this Undertakii^
with great Alacrity, and undercook to the King to
perform great Matters in Scotland ; to which his own
Intereft and Animofity enough difpofed him, having;
'an old and a (harp Controverl'y and Contcftation with
the Marquis of Argyle^ who had difpQflcfled him of a
large Territory there. All Things being adjufted fi>r
•this Undertaking, and his Majefty being well pleaied
with the Earl's iUacrity, He created him at that Time

a Mar-

Edward £tfr/ g/* Clarendon, &c. 245

a Marquis, gave him Letters to the Marquis of Or-^
mand his Lieutenant there, as well to fatisfy Jiim of
the good Opinion He had of the Marquis of Antrim^
and of the Truft He had repofed in him, as to wilh
him to give him all the Affiftance He could with
Convenience, for the carrying on the Expedition for
Scotland. ' -

And for the better preventing of any Inconvc*
nience that might fall out by the Ralhnefs and In-
advertency of the Marquis of Antrim towards the
Lord Lieutenant, his Majefty fent Daniel D Neile of
his Bedchamber into Ireland with him, who had great
Power over him, and very much Credit with the
Marquis of Ormond ; and was a Man of that Dexte-
rity and Addrefs, that no Man could fo well prevent
the Inconveniences and Prejudice, which the natural
Levity and Indifcretion of the other might tempt him
to, or Biore diipofe and incline the Lord Lieutenant
to take iittle Notice q( thofe Vanities and Indifcre-
dons. And the King, who had no Defire that the
Marquis Ihould ftay long in Dublin^ upon his Pro-
mifc that He would ufe all poflible Expedition in
tranfporting himfelf into Scotland^ gave him Leave to
hold that Correfpondence with the Irijh Rebels ( who
had the Command of all the Northern Parts, and
without whofe Connivance at leaft. He could very
hardly be able to make his Levies and tranfport his
:3o)Men) as was neccflary to his Purpofcs: Within the
Limits of which, it is probable enough that He did
not contain himfelf; for the Education and Conver-
(ation He had in the World, had not extirpated that
natural Craft in which that Nation excels, and by
which They only deceive themfelves -, and might fay
many Things, which He had >not Authority or War-
rant to fay.

Upon his Coming to Dublin^ the Lord Lieutenant
gave him all the Countenance He could wifh, and
aflifted him in all the Ways He could propofe, to
profecute his Dcfign j but the Men were to be raifed

R 3 in

14^ ^^ Centinuation of the Life of

in or near the Rebels Quarters. And it cannot b#
denied, but that the Levies He made, and fent onw
into Scotland under the Command of CalkiUj wer€
the Foundation of all thofe wonderful Afts, which
were performed afterwards by the Marquis' of AtiNift*
trafe ( They ^erc fifteen hundreri Men^ very good^
and with very good Officers, all fo hardy, that net*
ther the ill Fare nor the ill Lxxlging in the Highlands
gave them any Difcouragement), and gave the firft
Opportunity to the Marquis oi Mauntrofe of being iii
the Head of an Army ; under which He drtw to^

f ether fuch of the Highlanders and others of his
riends, who were willing to repair to him. But
upon any military A6lion, and Defeat given to the
Enemy, which happenl^d as often as They encounter*
ed the Scots^ the Highlanders went always home'widi
their Booty, and the Irift> only ftaid together with
their General. And from this Beginning the Mtr*
quis of Mountrofe grew to that Power, that aftfer
many Battles won by him with notable Slaughter of
the Enemy, He marched viftorioufly with his Army
till He made himfelf Mailer of Edinburgh^ and re-
deemed out of the Prifon there the Earl of Cra'bsford^
Lord Ogilby^ and many other noble Perlbns, who had
been taken and fent thither, with Refolution that
They fhould all lofe their Heads. And the Marquis
of Mountrofe did always acknowledge, that the Rife
and Beginning of his good Succefs was due and tx) be
imputed to that Body of Irijh^ which had in the Be*
ginning been fent over by the Marquis of Antrim ;
to whom the King had acknowledged the Service by
feveral Letters, all of his own Handwriting; in which
were very gracious Expreflions ef the Senfe his Ma-
jefty had of his great Services, and his Resolution to
l-eward him.

I T is true, that the Marquis of Antrim had not
gone over himfelf with his Men, as He had promjfed
to do, but ftayed in Ulfter under Pretence of raifing
a, greater Body of Men, with which He would ad*

venture

EdwauI) Earl (if ChAiLEUS^oti, &c. 247

venture his awn Perfon ; but either/ out of Jealoufy or
Cdfplcafurc againft the Marquis oi Mcuntrofty or hav-
ing in Truth no Mind to that Service of Scotland^ He
profecuted not that Purpofe, but remained ftill in
Ulfitery where ail his own Eftate lay, and (o was in
die Rebels Quarters, and no Doubt was often in their
Councils; by which He gave great Advantages
againft himfelf, and might in Stridnefs of Law have
been as fevcrely punifhed by the King, as the worft of
idle Jlehels. At laft, in his moving from Place to
Hacc (for He was not in any Expedition with the
Rebels) He was taken Prifoner by the Scots^ who in-
tended to have put him to Death for having fent
Men into Scotland \ but He made his Efcape out of
thenr Hands, and tranfported himfelf into Flanders^
and from thence, having AiTurance that the Prince
{ his Ma^efty that now is ) was then in the fVeft^ He
xame with two good Frigats into the Port of Fal-
mmtbj and offered his Service to his Royal Highnefs ;
And having in his Frigats a Quantity of Arms and
(M)C Ammunition, which He had procured in Flan-
itrs for the Service of Ireland^ moft of the Arms and
Ammunition were employed, with his Gonfent, for
che Suc^fy of the Troops and Garrifons in Cornwall :
And the Prince made Ufe of one of the Frigats to
tranfporc bis Perfon into Scilly^ and from thence to
^v)Jerfiy\ without which Convenience, his Highnefs had
been expofed to great Difficulties, and could hardly
liave efcaped the Hands of his Enemies. After all
which, when Dublin was given up to the Parliament,
and the King's Authority was withdrawn out of that
Kingdom, He again (not having wherewithal to live
any where elfe) tranfported himfelf into Ireland^ made
iimfclf gracious with the Irijhj and was by them fent
into France^ to defire the Queen Mother and the
, Prince of Wales " to fend the Marquis of Ortnond to
**reaffumc his Majefty's Government in that King-
^' dom ;" which was done accordingly, in the Man-
ner that is mentioned ellewherc*

The

Z^9 . TAe Continuation of tie Life of

The Marquis of Jnirim alleged all thcfc Particu-
lars, and produced many original Letters from the
Jate King (belides thofc which are mentioned), the
Qiieen Mother, and the Prince, in all which his Ser-
vices had been acknowledged, and many Promifes
jnade to him ^ and concluded with a full Proteflation,
** that He defired no Pardon for any Thing that He
** had ever done againft the King ; and if there were
** the leaft Proof that He had failed in his Fidelity ta
** him, or had not according to the beft of his Under-
^* ftanding advanced his Service, He looked for no
** Favour. But if his being in the Irifi Quarters and
** confulting with them, without which He could not
^* have made his Levies for Scotlandy nor tranfported
** them if He had levied them, and if his living
^* amongft them afterwards, when his Majefty*s Au*
•* thority was drawn from thence, and when He could
** live no where elfe, do by the ftrift Letter of the
••^Law expofe him to Ruin without his Majefty's
^* Grace and Favour, He did hope his. Majefty would
** redeem him from that JMifery, and that the For-
** feiture of his Eftate fhould not be taken^ as if He
^' were a Traitor and a Rebel to die King." And it
appeared that if He were reftored to all He could
pretend tp, or of which He had ever been poflefled,
his Dicbrs were fo great, and his Creditors had thofc
legal Incumbranc.es upon his Eftate, that his Condi-
tion at beft would not be liable to much Envy.

Thovgh the King had been never taken Notice of
to have any great Inclinations to the Marquis, who was
very little kaown to him ; yet this Reprefentation and
clear View of what He had done and what He had fuf-
fered, raifed great Compaflion towards him in the Royal
Breaft of his Majefty. And He thought it would in
fome Degree refleft upon his own Honour and Jufticc,
and upon the Memory of his blefled Father, if in a
Time when He pafled by fo many Tranfgreffions very
heinous, He fliould leave the Marquis expofed to the
pury of his Enemies (who were only his Enemies be^

caufo

Edward Earl of Clarendon, (Sc. 249

caufe They were poffcffed of his Eftatc, and becaufe
He deiired to have his own from them) for no other
Crime upon the Matter, than for not having that
Prudence and that Providence in his Endeavours to
ferve the King, as He ought to have had ; that isi^
He ought to have been wifen And the Rigour ex*
erdfed towards him upon his firft Arrival, in fending
him to thcf Tower and afterwards into Ireland^ by thoie
who enough wifhed his D6ftru6tion, and that They
had not been able to make the leaft Proof againft
him, improved his Majefty's good Diipofition towards
him. Yet He refufed pofitively to write a Letter to
the Commiffioners on his Behalf; which the Marquis
moft importunately defired, as the only Thing diat
could do him Good. But his Majefty dire&ed a Let-
ter to be prepared to the Lord Lieutenant, in which
all his Allegations and Suggeftions (hould be fet down,
and the Truth thereof examined by him ; and that if
He Ihould be found to have committed no greater
Faults agwift the King, than thofe which He con*
fefled, then that Letter (hould be fent to the Com-
miffioners, that They might fee Both their Majefties
<'3»)Teftimonies in fuch Particulars as were known to
then^lves. And this Letter was very warily drawn^
and being approved by his Majefty, was fent accord-,
mgly to the Lord Lieutenant. And (hortly after a
Copy of it figned by the King (who conceived it only
to be a Duplicate, left the other ihould mifcarry) was»
contrary to his Majefty's Refolution, and contrary to
the Advice of the Chancellor and without his Know*
kdge, likewife fent to the Commiftioners ; who had
thereupon made fuch a Decree as is before mentioned^
and declared, *'that They had made it only upon
*' that Gro\md i** which gave his Majefty fome Trouble,
and obliged him to infert a Claufe in the next BUI con-
cerning that Affair.

And this was the whole Proceeding that related to
the Marquis of Antrim : And it is yet very hard to
comprehend, wherein there was more Favonr ihewed

towards

2^2 ^Tbe Continuation of the Life of

Grants were prq>ared there, and paflcd under the
Great Seal of Ireland.

There was then likewife a new Claufe introduced
into thofe Grants, of a very new Nature ; for being
grounded always upon Letters out of England^ and
pafled under thic Seal of Ireland^ the Letters were pre-
pared and formed there, and tranfmitted hither only
for his Majefty's Sign Manual : So that neither the
King's learned Council at Law, nor any other his
Miniftcrs (the Secretaries only excepted), had any
Notice or the Perufal of any of thofe Grants. The
wfti/«»c&«i Claufe was, ^^ that if any of thofe Lands fb granted by
2[5^Jj2f " ^ Majefty (hould be otherwife decreed, his Majefly 's
mdiGimttu ^' Grantee fhould be reprifed with other Lands :" So
that in many Cafes, the greatefl Inducement to his
Majefty's Bounty being the Incertainty of his own
Right, which the Perfon to whom it was granted
was obliged to vindicate at his own Char^, the King
was now bound to make it good, if his Grant was
not valid. And fo that which was but a contingent
Bounty, which commonly was the fole Argument for
the paffing it, was now turned into a real and fiib-
ftantial Benefit, as a Debt; which created another
Difficulty in the Settlement : Which was yet the more
hard, becaufe there were many Claims of the Irifo
themfclves yet unheard, all the falfe Admeafurcments
to be examined, and many other Uncertainties to be
determined by the Commiffioncrs ; which left thofe
who were in quiet PoflefDon, as well as thofe who
were out of it, iii the higheft Infccurity and Appre-
henfion.

This Intricacy and even Defpair, which poflefied
all Kind of People, of any Settlement, made all of^
them willing to contribute to any that could be pro-
pofed. They found his Majefty very unwilling to
confent to the Repeal of the Decrees made by the
Commiflioners ; which muft have taken away the
Confidence and Affurance of whatfoever was to be
done hereafter, by making Men fee, that what was

fettcd

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 253

ictded by one Adt of Parlkment might immediately
be unfetded by another : So that there w^s no Hope
by that Expedient to increafe the Nmnbcr of Acresj
which being left might in any Degree comply with
the feveral Pretences. The Iriflb found, that They
might only be able to obftruft any Settlement, but
(hould never be able to get fuch a one as would
turn to 'their own Sadsfadtion. The Soldiers and
Adventurers agreed lefs amongft themfelves : And the
Clamour was as great againfl thofe, who by falle
Admeafurements had gotten more than They fhould
have, as fiom thofe who had received lefs than was
their Due j and They who leaft feared any new Exa-
minadon copld not yet have any fecure Tide, before
all the reft were fettled. In a Word, all Men found
that any Settlement would be better than none ; and
OH)that more Profit would arife from a fmaller Propor*
don of Land quietly poifefled and hufbanded accord-
ingly, than ftom a much greater Propordon under a
doubtful Tide and Incertainty, which muft diihearten
any Induftry and Improvement.

Upon thcfe Confiderations and Motives, They
met amongft themfelves, and debated together by
what Expedient They might draw Light out of this
Darknefs. There appeared only one Way which ad-
miniftered any reafonable Hope ; which was, by in-
increaling the Stock for Repnfals to fuch a Degree,
that all Mens Pretences might in fome Meafure be
provided for : And there was no other Way to arrive
to this, but by every Man's parting with fomewhat
which He thought to be his own. And to this They
had one Encouragement, that was of the higheft Pre-
valence with them, which was, that this Way an End
would be put to the illimited Jurifdiftion of the Com-
miffioners (which was very terrible to all of them),
who from henceforth could have little other Power,
than to execute what fhould here be agreed upon.

In Conclufion, They brought a Propofition to the
King, raifed and digefted between themfelves, ^^ that

"aU

254 ^^^ .Ointinuathn (f the Life £f

rbedifiroft «^ all PerfQJOS, who were to receive any Benefit by this

^"y^'t''A.&, fliould abau:e and give a fourth Part of what

^jirwysr** They, had, towards the Stock for Reprifals; all

tf&xfZoM. c^ which the Commiflioners fliould diftribute itmongft

*^ thofe Irijbj who fliould a^ear moft fit for his Ma*

** jefly's Bounty." Aiid tlus Agreement was 1q unani^*

mous, that though it met with fbnle obftinafe Oppo-

iition after it was brought before the King, yet the

Number of the Oppofers was fo fmall in Refpeft of the

Others who agreed to it, that They grew weary and

Bem^tie jafliamed of farther Contention* And thereupon that

Sil^'' /&>i J3 of SeiiUmenty as fupplemental to the other

AaofSet- two, was confented to by the King^ whp, to publifh

^^""^ to the World that Nothing ftuck with him which

fcemed to rcfleft upon the Commiflioners, refolved

to make no Change : And fo though two a£ them,

who had Oflices here tp difcharge, prevailed with bi$

Miyefty that They might not return again into Ire-

land \ the other five were continued, to execute what

^as more to be done by this Adb, and fo to perfeft

the Settlement. And no Doubt it will be here faid,

that this Eicpedient might have been ibpqer fpiuid,

and fo prevented many of thofe Diforders and Incpa-

veniences which intervened. But They who knew

that Time, and the Perverfenefs and Obfl:ipacy that

pofleflfed all Pretenders, mufl confefs that the SfErafoQ

was never ripe before : Nor could their Confent and

Agreement, upon which this Ait was founded, ever

be obtained before.

These were all the Tranfadlions which pafliisd wi(h
Reference to Ireland^ whilft the Chancellor renji^iiied
at that Board ; in which He a£led no more than ^any
other of the Lords who were prefent did : Except
when any Difiiculties occurred in their private Meetr
ings and Debates, They fometimes re^rted to him
for Advice, which He was ready tp give; being
always willing to take any Pains, wjiich might xpakf
that very difficult Work more eafy to be brought to
a good End. But as He never thought He defery^ed

any

tiiy Reward fer fo doing, fo He never expected the
Benefit of 6ne Shilling in Money or ki Mone/s
Wordit f^ wiy Thijfig He ever did in that Affiurt
and was ipfaf from c£itertaining any Overture to that
Pucpofe) tW it is aotorioufly known to maay Perfona
af Honour^ who I pmfume will be ready to teftiifi|r
the fitme^ rhat wheii, u]pQn his Majefty'a £rft Retura
ilito Eifglsndy Tome Proportions were made to him of
icccivifiig the Grant of fome forfeited Lands, and for
die buying other Lands there upon the Defire of the
Own^s. thereof, and at fo low a Price that the very
Pn>6t of the Land would in a fhort Time have paid
!i35}for die Purchafe, and other Overtures of inunediate
Benefit U Money ( which others did and lawfully
oMght accept ) ; He re}e£led all Prqpofitions of thiit
Kind or reliating to it^ and declared publiqkly and
pnvaiselys ^^ that He would neither have Lands in
^^ Inland nor the leaft Benefit from thence, till di
*' Differences and Pretences in that JKingdom fliouM
*^be fb fully fettled and agreed, that there could be
** ISO more Appeal to the King, or repairing to the
•* King's Council for Juflice j in which," He feid^
*' He fhould never be thought fo competeni: an Ad-
** vifer, if He had any Title of his own in that King^
^dom to biais his Inclinations/' And He was often
heard to fay, ^' that He never took a firioer Refolur
*^cioa in any Pardcular in his Life, than to adhere
^^ to that Conclufion." Yet becaufe it was notorious jfrmHtwium
afterwards, that He did receive fome Money out of^^
Irtkmdj and had a lawful Tide to xeceive.morc (with R^mdutu
which He was reproached when He could not anfwcr ^^^^
for himfelf ) ; it may not be amifs in this Place,, for
his Yitidicttioh, to fet down pardculaiiy how that
came to pafs, and to mendon all the Circumfbuicet
which preceded, accompanied or attended^ that Af«*
fiur. .

I N the BilU which were fErfl: tranfmioted &om /r/«»
htnd after hi$ Majefty's happy Return, there was an
Isipofitioo i^ A certain Sunt: of Mooocy ^upon ibme

fpccified

856 ^be Continuation of the Life ff

fpecified Lands in feveral Provinces, *^ which was to
^ be paid to his Majefty within a limited Time, and
** to be difpofed of by his Majefty to fuch Perfons who
•* had fenred him faithfully, and fufFered in fo doing,**
or Words to that EfFcft ; for He often protefted that
He never faw the Ad of Parliament, and was moft
confident that He never heard of it at the Time when
it pafled. He being often abfent from the Cbuncil,
by Reafon of the Gout or other Accidents, when fuch
Matters were tranfafted. But two Years after the
King's Return or thereabout. He received a Letter
from the Earl of Orrery^ " that there would be in his
^' Hands, and in the Earl of AngUfefs and the Lord
" Maffaraif^ (who it feems were appointed Treafuren
to receive the Money to be raifed by that Aft of Par-
liament), " a good Sum of Money for him ; which
** He gave him Notice of, to the End that He might
•* give Diredkion for the Difpofal thereof, whether He
^ would have it returned into England^ or laid out in
"Land in Ireland \* and He wifhed "that He would
•* Ibeedily fend his Direftion, becaufe He was confident
•* mat the Money would be paid in, at leaft by the
** Time that his Letter could arrive there.*' No Man
can be more furprifed, than the Chancellor was at the
Heceipt of this Letter, believing that there was fomc
Miftake in it, and that his Name might have been
iifed in Truft by Somebody who had given him no
Notice of it. And without returning any Anfwer to
the Earl of Orrery^ He writ by that Poft to the Lord
LicDtenant, to inform him of what the Earl of Orrery
had writ to him, and defired him to " inform him by
•' his own Enquiry, what the Meaning of it was."

Before He had an Anfwer from the Lord Lieu-
tenant, or indeed before his Letter could come to the
Lord Lieutenant's Hands, He received a fecond Let-
ter from the Earl of Orrery ; in which He informed
him, " that there was now paid in to his Ufe, the
" Sum of twelve thoufand fix hundred and odd Pounds,
•* and that there would be the like Sum again received

"for

**for him at the End of fix Months ;" and fent him
a patticular Diredion, " to what Perfon and in what
**Form He was to fend his Order for the Payment of
" the Money.*' The Chancellor ftill forbore to an-
fwcr this Letter, till He had received an Anfwer to
what He had written to the Lord Lieutenant, who
then informed him at large, what Title He had to
that Money, and how He came to have it : " That
**lhortly after the paffing that Adt of Parliament,
** which had given his Majefty the Difpofal of the
;»3^** Money before mentioned, the Earl of Orrery Jiad
**cx)me to him, the Lord Lieutenant, and putting
"him in Mind, how the Chancdlor had rejeded aU
*• Overtures which had been made to him of Benefit
*' out of that Kingdom** ( which Refufal, and many
others that fhew how unfolicitous He had always been
in the Ways of getting, is not. more known to any
Man living than to the Lord Lieutenant), " wiflied
** that He would move the King to confer fome Part
•* of that Money upon the Chancellor ; which the
**Lord Lieutenant very willingly did, and his Ma^
•* jelly as cheerfully granted : That a Letter was ac-
*'cordingly prepared, and his Majefty*s Royal Sig-
** nature procured by Mr. Secretary Nicholas^ who was
** at the iame Time commanded by the King not to
** let him know of it ; to which Purpofe there was
** likewife a Claufc in the Letter, whereby it was pro-
" vided that He fliould have no Notice of it; which,**
the Lord Lieutenant faid, "was by his Majefly's
** Diredion or with his Approbation, becaufe it was
•* faid, that if He had Notice of it. He would be
" fo fooiifh as to obftrudt it himfelf. And there was
•* a Claufe likewife in the faid Letter, which direfted
'" the Payment of the faid Monies to his Heirs, Exe- •
" cutors or Afligns, if He Ihould die before the Re-
** ceipt thereof.**

The Chancellor being fo fully advertifed of all this
by the Lord Lieutenant, and of which till that Time
He had not the Icaft Notice or Imagination, He de-

VoML S fired

26o fhe Coothm^im tf th Life rf

all tl>e Mociejr diat He ever reocivcd ficm IreUmi^
wkh aU the Oitxamflaoccs dicreof ; wiuck, in die
}%)dfpatm of all unparail Men, cannot irftrft » lie
Prejucfice of hu Incegrity and Honour.

A V D ib We (hall no fbrcbcr pudiie or agna ic-
iume any Meodon of the Affiurs of i'dmml^ dioagh
tbey wiU afibrd a laige Fidd of Mattery but IhaS
return to the Be^nning of tke P^tfliamem, £rQin
whence We departed
r^mfffitmt It cannot be exf»ef!ed» hardly imaginrdy with
'*^*'****' what Alacrity the Parliament entocd upon jJl par-
ticular Affairs which might refer to the Kingfs Ho-
nour, S^ctj or Profit. They pulled up all diofe
Principles cf Sedition and Rebellion by the Roots,
which in their own Obfervation had been the Ground
of or contributed to the odious and infamous Rdiel-
rttKingU lion in the long Parliament. They declared "that
S^T"* •'fottilh Diftindtion between the King's Perfon and
^ his Office to be Trealbn ; that his Negative Voice
^ could not be taken from him, and was fi> cflfential
*' to the making a Law, that no dWler or Ordinance
" o( either Houfc could be binding to the Subjed
*^ without it ^ that the Militia was xnfeparably Tefted
*' in his Majefty, and that it was High Trealbn to
** raife or levy Soldiers without the King^s Com-
*' mifllon." And becaufc the Liccnfe of (peaking
fcditioufly, and of laying icandalous Imputations and
Afpcrfions upon the Pcrfon of the King, as faying
that He was a Papiftj and fuch like Terms, to alienate
the AfFcftions of the People from his Majefty, had
been the Prologue and principal Ingredient to that
Rebellion, and corrupted the Hearts of his loving
Subjcdks ; They declared, " that the railing any Ca-
*^ lumnies of that Kind upon the King, as faying
** that He is a Papift^ or popijhly affeded^ or the like,
" fhould be Felony." In a Word, They vindicated
all his Regalities and Royal Prerogatives, and pro-
vided for the Safety of his Perfon in as loving and
ample a Manner as He could wifh: And towards

railing

Edward B^r/ ^Clarendon, &c. a6t

hifihg and fettling a Revenue proportionable to hi^
Dignity and necei&rv Expenfe, over and above the
Confirmation of all that had been done or granted ih
the laft Convention, They entered upon all the Expe-
dients which could occur to them, and were willing to
receive Propofitions or Advice from any Body that
(i3i)might contribute thereunto. In all thefc publick
Matters, no Man could wifh a more a^ve Spirit
to be in them, than They were in Truth pofiefTed
with.

But in that which the King had principally rt^TUPttUs^
commended to them, the Confirmation of the AS of'^^'^^
ObUvion and Indemnity^ They proceeded very flowly, ih» Aa of
coldly and unwillingly, notwithftanding the King's ^"'*'°^'^-
frequent Meiiages to them " to difpatch it, though
" with the Delay of thofe other Things which They
" thought did more immediately concern him.** They
had many Agents and Solicitors in the Court, who
thought that all that was releafed by that A6t might
lawfully be diftributed amongft them ; and fmce the
King had referred that whole Affair to the Parlia-
ment, He might well leave it to their Judgments,
without his own Interpofition. But his Majeftv look-
ed upon himfelf as under another Obligation both of
Honour and Confcience, and upon the Thing itfelf
as more for the publick Peace and Security, than any
Thing the Parliament could provide inftead thereof 5
and therefore was very much troubled and offended
at the apparent Unwillingnefs to pafs it. And there-
upon He went himfelf to the Houfe of Peers, and
Tent for the Commons and told them, " that it was -Tie iGng
*« abfolutely neceflary to difpatch that Bill, which He^^^^
^' himfelf had fent to them near two Months before :**'>.
For it was now the eighth of July. Hi* Majefty told
them, " that it was to put himfelf in Mind as well as
*' them, that He fo often, as often as He came to them,
** mentioned to them his Declaration from Breda^
And He faid, " He fhould put them in Mind of
^ another Declaration publifhed by themfelves about

S 3 "that

262 ^he Continuation of the Life^ of

*' that Time, and which He was perfuadcd made his

*' the more^ffeftual, an honcft, generous and Chriftian

** Declaration, figned by the moft eminent Pcrfons,

** Who had been the moft eminent Sufferers ; in which

*' They renounced all former Animofities, all Memo*

*' ry of former UnkindnefTes, vowed all imaginable

** Good-Will and all Confidence in each other.** All

which being prefled with fo much Inftance by his

WhinupM Majefty prevailed with them : And They then forth-^

n^wifim ^jj.j^ difpatched that Bill -, and the King as foon con-

' firmed it, dnd would not ftay ^ few Days, till other

important Bills fhould be likewife ready to be prcfented

XO him. • '.

A K D there cannot be a greater Inftance of their
Defire to pleafe his- Majefty from thenceforth, than
that before that Seffion was concluded, notwithftand-
ing the Prejudice the Clergy had brought upon them-
felves ( as I faid before ) upon their too much good
Hufbandry in granting Leafes, and though the Prefr
byterian Party was not without an Intereft in Both
Houfes of Parliament ; They pafled a Bill for the
Repeal of that A61 of Parliament, by which the
Bifhbps were excluded from fitting there. It was
firft propofed in the Houfe of Commons by a Gen-
tleman, who had been always taken to be of a
rbiCmmni jPreibyterian Family: And in that Houfe it found
^^^'s^l^is Oppofition than was looked for; all Men know-
frfstotbar iftg^ that befides the Juftice of it, and the Prudence
^^"^'"'" to wipe out the Memory of fo infamous an Aft, as
the Exclufion of them with alj the Circumftances was
known to be, it would be grateful to the King.

But when it came into the Houfe of Peers, where
all Men expefted it would find a general Concurrence,
it n»:t with fome Obftruftipn \ which made a Difco-
yery of an Intrigue, that had not been fufpefted.
For though there were niany Lords prefent, who
had induftrioufly laboured the pafllng the former
Bill for the Exclufion, yet They had likewife been
guilty of fo many other ill Things, of which They

were

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 263

were afliamed, that it was believed that They would
Bot willingly /revive the Memory of the Whole, by
pcrfcvering in fuch an odious Particular. Nor iit
(»39) Truth did They. But when They faw that it would
unavoidably pals (for the Number of that Party was
not confiderable). They either gave their Confents, as
many of them did, or gave their Negative without
Noifc. The Obftrudfcion came not from thence. The
Catbolicks lefs owned the Contradiftion, nor were
guilty of it, though They fuffered in it. But the ^^'J/fr
Truth is, it proceeded from the mercurial Brain ofHrnjeofildt
the Earl of Brijiol^ who much afFcfted to be looked ^.l^f^'^'-^
upon as the Head of the Catbolicks ; which They did ' '
iQ little defire that He (hould be thought, that They
very rarely concurred with him. He well knew that
the King delired (which his Majefty never diffembled)
to give the Roman Catbolicks Eafe from all the fangui-
nary Laws •, and that He did not defire that They
Ihould be liable to the other Penalties which the Law -
had made them fubjedt to, whilft They Ihould in all
other Refpedts behave themfelves like good Subjcdks,
Nor had They fince his Majefty's Return fuftaincd
the leaft Prejudice by their Religion, but enjoyed as
much Liberty at Court and in the Country, as any
other Men ; and with which the wifeft of them were
abundantly fatisfied, and did abhor the AAivity of
thofe of their own Party, whom They' did believe
more like to deprive them of the Liberty They enjoy-
cd, than to enlarge it to them.

When the Earl of Briji'ol faw this Bill brought
into the Houfe for reftoring the Bifhops to their Seats,
He went to the King, and informed his Majefty,
" that if this Bill Ihould fpeedily pafs, it would ab-
*' folutely deprive the Catbolicks of all thofe Graces
*' and Indulgence which He intended to them i for
**that the Bilhops, when They fhould fit in the
•' Houfe, whatever their own Opinions or Inclinations
**^were, would find themfelves obliged, that They
•^ might prefcrve their Reputation with the People,

^'to '

264 ?*^ ContfTfuatm rf the Life of

**ta contradia and oppofe whatfoever ihould look
** like Favour or Connivance towards the CatboUcks :
•* And therefore, if his M^efty continued his foi^ner
*' gracious Inclinations towards the Roman Catbdkcks^
** He muft put fome Stop (even for the Bifhopa own
** Sakes) to the paffing that Bill, till the other (hoidd
^* be more advanced, which He fuppofed might fliort-
♦* ly be done ;" there having been already fome Over^
tures made to that Purpofe, and a Committee ap-
pointed in the Houfe of Lords to take a View of all
the fanguinary Laws in Matters of Religion, and to

J)rcfent them to the Houfe that it might confider
arther of them. The King furprifcd with theDif*
courfe from a Man who had often told him the Ne-r
ceflity of the reftoring the Bifhops, and that it could
not be a perfcft ParUament without their Prcfcnce,
thought his Reafon for the Delay to have Weight
in it, and that the Delay for a ^w Days could bo
attended with no Prejudice to the Matter itfelf ; and
thereupon was willing the Bill Ihoukl not be called
for, and that when it fhould be under Commitment,
it fhould be detained there for fome Time ; and that
He might, the better to produce this Delay, tell
fome of his Friends, " that the King would be well
♦' plcafed, that there Ihould not be overmuch Hafte
♦*'in the prefenting that Bill for his Royal Affent."

This grew quickly to be taken Notice of in the
Houfe, that after the firft Reading of that Bill, it
had been put off for a fccond Reading longer than
was ufiial, when the Houfe was at fo much Leifure \
and that i)ow it was under Commitment, it was ob-
ftrufted there, notwithftanding all the Endeavours
fome Lords of the Committee could ufe for the Dif-
• patch; the Bill containing very few Words, being
only for the Repeal of a former Ad, and the Ex-
preflions admitting, that is, giving little Caufc for
;iny Debate, The Chancellor dcfired to know how
this came to pals, and was informed by one of the
J^grcjs of the Cominittce, *' ;hat 1 hev were aflurcd

<Hh*c

Edward Eart of Clarendok, &c. 265

^ that thie King would hate % St(^ put to it, till
«o)*« another Bill 0iould be provided which hi« Majcfty
*< looked for/* Hereupon the Chancellor fpakc with
hisMajefty^ who told him all the Conference which
the Earl of Briftol had held with him, and what He
hyad .eoniemed Ihould be done. To which the other
replied^ "rfiat He wai fony that his Majefty had
*^been prevailed with to give any Obftruftion to a
" BiQ» wWch every Body knew hk Majefly's Heart
" was fo much fet upon for Difpatch •, and that if the
^'Reaibn were knOwn^ it would quickly put an End
" to all the Pretences of the Catbolicks ; to which his
"Majefty knew He was no Enemy/' The King
prefendy concluded that the Reafon was not fufficient,
and wiihed 'Uhat the Bill might be difpatched as
" fooA as was pofTible, that He might pais it that
"Seffion-,** which He had appointed to make an
End of within few Days : And fo the next Day the
Report was called for and made, and the Bill ordered
to be engroBed againft the next Morning ^ the Earl
not being at that Time in the Houfe. But the next
Morning, when the Chancellor had the Bill engrofled
in his Hand to prefent to the Houfe to be read the
third Time, the Earl came to him to the Woolfack^
and with great Difpleafure and Wrath in his Counte-
nance told him, " that if that Bill were read that
"Day, He would fpeak againft it;" to which tte
Chancellor gave him an Anfwer that did not pleafe
him : And the Bill was pafled that Day. And from But is at l^
that Time the Earl of Briftol was a more avowed ^*2^*
and declared Enemy to him, than He had before
profefled to be •, though the Friendftxip that had been
between them had been difcontinued or broken, from
the Time the Earl had changed his Religion.

The King within few Days came to the Parliament,
to give his^ Royal Aflent to thofe Bills which were '
prepared for him; and then told them, "that He
*^ did thank them with all his Heart, indeed as much
^^ as W^ could for any Thing, ^r the Repeal of that

^' Aa

266 The Continuation of the Life of

•*A£t which excluded the Bilhops from fitting in
"Parliament.** He faid, "it was an unhappy Aft
" in an unhappy Time, pafled with many unhappy
** Circumftances, and attended with miferable Events 5
*^ and therefore He did again thank them for repeai-
•*lng it : And that They had thereby reftored Parlia-
" ments to their primitive Inftitutions.** This was
7i*p#r&i. upon the thirtieth of July i66i,- when the Parlia-
2^***^- m'ent was adjourned to the twentieth of November fol-
lowing.

Because We have mentioned the gracious Pur-

pofes the King had to his Roman Catholick Subjefts,

of which afterwards much Ufe was made to his DiT-

fcrvicc, to which the Vanity and Prefumption of many

of that Profeflion contributed very much; it may not

rkitrtte be unfeafonable in this Place to mention the Ground

^;^;{'^of that his Majefty*s Goodnefs, and the Reafons why

wur u the that Purpofe or him was not profecuted to the Purpofc

S^hcks.^' it was intended, after fo fair a Rife towards it, by the

Ap4)ointment of that Committee in the Houlfc of

Peers, which is remembered above.

I T is not to be wondered at, that the King, at the
Age He was of when the Troubles begand in England^
and when He came out oi England^ knew very little of
the Laws which had been long fince made and were
ftjll in Force againft Roman Catholicksy and lefs of the
Grounds and Motives which had introduced thofe
Laws. And from the Time that He was fkft beyond
the Seas, He could not be without hearing very much
fpoken againft the Proteftant Religion, and more for
extolling and magnifying the Religion of the Church
of Rome j neither of which Difcourfes made any Im-
preflion upon him. And after the Defeat at JVorcefter^
and his Efcape from thence into France^ the Queen his
Mother (who had very punftually complied with the
King her Hu(band*s Injunctions, in not fuffering any
Body to endeavour to pervert the Prince her Son in
his Religion, and when He came afterwards mtoFranceiM
after He was King, continued the lame Rcfervation)

-.r^j

Edward Earl g/* Clarendon, &c. 267

ufcd much more Sharpnefs in her Difcourfc againft
the PrPieftanSSj than She had been accuftomed to. The
Liberty. that his Majcfty formerly had in the JLouvre^
to ha^e.a Place fct afidc for the Exercife of his Re-
ligon, was taken away : And continual Difcourfes
were nlade by the Queen in his Prefence, " that He
^*had now no Mope ever to be reftored to his Do*
" minions,,, but by the Help of the Cafholicks -^ and
" therefore that He muft apply himfclf to them
** in fuch a Way, as might induce them to help
" him/'

About this Time there was a ftiort CoUeftion and
Abridgment made of all the penal Laws, which had
been made and which were ftill in Force in England
againft the RomAn Catholicks ;" " that all Priefts for
" faying Mafs were to be put to Death •," the great
Penalties which They were to undergo, who enter-
tained or harboured a Prieft in their Houfe, or were
prcfent at Mafs, and the Jike ; with all other envious
Glaufes, which were in any A61:s of Parliament, that
had .been enafted upon feveral Treafons and Confpi-
racies of the Roman Catholicks^ in the Reigns of Qiieeil
Elizabeth and King James. And this Colleftion They
caufed to b^ tranflated into French and into Latin^
and fcattercd it abroad in all Places ; after They had
caufed Copie3 of it to be prcfented to the Queen
Mother of France^ and to the Cardinal : So that the
King came into no Place where thofe Papers were
not Ihewed to him, and where He was not ferioufly
^fked, " whether it was a true Colleftion of the
*^ Laws of England^^ and " .whether it was poffible,
" that any Chriftian Kingdom could exercife fo much
"Tyranny againft the Catholick Religion." The
King, v/ho had never heard of thefe Particulars, did
really believe that the Paper was forged, and anfwcr-
ed, " He did not believe that there were fuch Laws :**
And when He came to his Lodgings, He gave the
Chancellor the Paper, and bade him read it, and
tpjl him, " whether fuch Laws were in Force in Eng^

e68 ' The Qmtinuation tf the Life of

•* land'* He had heard before of the fcatteiing of
thofe Papers, and knew well who had made the Col-
kdlion i who had been a Lawyer, and was a Proteftani^
but had too good an Opinion of the Reman CaiboUcks^
and defired too much to be grateful to them.

The Chancellor found an Opportunity the next
Day to enlarge upon the Paper to his Majeftv, and
informed him of *^the Seafons in which, and tne Oc-
^^ cafions and Provocations upon which, thofe Laws
*• had been made ; of the frequent Treafons and Con-
^' fpiracies which had been entered into by fome Rd'
*' man Catbolicksy always with the Privity and Appro-
** bation of their Priefts and Confeflbrs, againft the
** Pcrfon and Life of Queen Elizabeth ; and after her
** Death, of the infamous and detcftablc Gunpowder
^'Treafon to Have deftroyed King James and his
"Pofterity, with the whole Nobility of the King-
•* dom : So that in thofe Times, the Pope having
** excommunicated the whole Kingdom, and ablblvcd
** the Subjefts from all their Oaths of Fidelity, there
** feemed no Expedient to preferve the Crown, but
•'the ufing thefe Severities againft thofe who were
** profeffed Enemies to it. But that fince thofe Times,
** that the Roman Catholicks had lived quietly, tha£
•* Rigour had not been ufed : And that the King his
•* Father's Clemency towards thofe of that Profeffion
** (which Clemency extended no farther than the dif*
*• penfing with the utmoft Rigour of the Laws), was
** the Ground of the Scandal of his being popifhly
•' afFefted, that contributed as much to his Rum, as
"any particular Malice in the worft of his Ene-
" mies."

The King hearkened attentively to all that was{i4^
faid, and then anfwered, •* that He could not doubt
'* but there was fome very extraordinary Reafon for
*' the making fuch ftrange Laws : But whatever the
*' Reafon then was, that it was at prefent and for
^' many Years paft very evident, that there was no
** fuch Malignity in the Roman Cafbolicks^ that fliould

" con''

£dward Earl of Clarendon, ^c. 269

* continue that heavy Yoke upon their Necks. That
•* He knew well enough, that if He were in England^
•^Hc had not in himfelf the Power to repesd any
•• Aft of Parliament, without the Confent of Parlia-
••mcnt: But that He knew no Rcafon why He
•• mi^kt not profefs, that He did not like thofe Laws
** which caufed Men to be put to Death for their
♦• Religion ; and that He would do his beft, if ever
••God reftored him to his Kingdom, that thofe
••bloody Laws might be repealed. And that if
••there were no other Reafon of State than He
••could yet comprehend, againft the taking away
••the other Penalties, He ihould be glad that all
••thofe Diftinftions between his Subjefts might be
••removed-, and that whilft They were all equally
•• good Subje£ts, They might equally enjoy his Pro-
••tc^on.** And his Majefly did frequently, when
He was in the Courts of Catholick Princes, and
when He was fure to hear the Sharpncfs of the Laws
in England inveighed againfl, enlarge upon the fame
Diicourfe : And it had been a very unfeafonable
Prefumption in any Man, who would have endea-
voured to have diflfuaded him from entertaining that
Candour in his Heart*

With this gracious Difpofition his Majefty re-
turned into England'^ and received his Catholick Sub-
jefts with the fame Grace and Franknefs, that He
did his other : And They took all Opportunities to
extol their own Sufferings, which They would have
underftood to have been for him. And fome very
noUe Pc;rfons there were, who had ferved his Father
very worthily in the War, and fuffered as largely
afterwards for having done fo : But the Number '6f
thofe was not great, but much greater than of thofe
who Ihewed any Affeftion to him or for him, during
the Time of his Abfence, and the Government of the
Ufurper. Yet fome few there were, even of thofe
who had fuffered moll for his Father, wIk) did fend
him Supply when He was abroad, though ^hey were

hardly

270 ^^Tbe. Contimiatidfi of the Life (f

hardly able te provide NcGCJOTarics for thcmfclvesi
And in hb Efcape from IVorcefter^ He rccctvfed cx-^
traordinary Bendit, l^ the Fidelity of many poor
People of that Religion -, which his Majefiy was
never refcrved in the Remembrance of. And this
gracious Difpofition in him did not then appear in-
grateful to any. And then, upon an AddrdS made
to the Houfe of Peers in the Name of the Roman Ca-
ibolicks^ for fome Relaxation of thofe Laws which
^cmmttH were ftill in Force againft them, the Houfe of Peers
JJrdaxing appointed that Committee which is mentioned before,
^r^ to examine and report all thofe penal Statutes^ which
«6rR<^2^^ reached to the taking away the Life of any Roman
c««J>«"<=^- Catbolick^ Prieft or Layman, for his Religion -, there
not appearing one Lord in the Houfe, who feemed to
be unwilling that thofe Laws (hould be repealed. And
after that Committee was appointed, the Roman Ca-
tholick Lords and their Friends for fome Days dili-
gently attended it, and made their Obfervations upon
leveral Ads of Parliament, in which They defired
Eafe. But on a fudden this Committee was difcon-
tinued, and never after revived ; the Roman Catbolicks
never afterwards being folicitous for it.

The Argument was now to be debated amongft

themfelves, that They might agree what would pleafe

77;* Roman them : And then there quickly appeared thatDifcord

S^w^i* and Animofity between them, that never was nor

wmffitbm. ever will be extingui(hed ; and of which the State

^'^' might make much other Ufe than it hath done.

The Lords and Men of Eftates were not fatisfied,

in that They obfcrved the Good-Nature of the Houfc(M

did not appear to extend farther, than the abolifhing

Hiofe Laws which concerned the Lives of the Prieft s,

which did not much affeft them : For befides that

thofe Speftacles were no longer grateful to the People,

They were confident that They fhould not be without

Men to difcharge thofe Fundions ; and the Number

of fttch was more grievous to them than the Scarcity.

That which They defired was, the Removal of thofe

Laws,

EDWARjft JS^r/ g/* Clarendon, G?r. ttjt

Laws, which being let loofe would deprive them of
io much of their Eftates, that the Remainder would
not prcferve them from Poverty. This Indulgence
would indeed be grateful to them; for the other
They cared not. Nor were the Ecclefiafticks at all
pleafed with what was propofed for their Advantage,
but looked upon themfelves as deprived of the Ho«
nour of Martyrdom by this Remiffion, that They
might undergo Reftraints, which would be more
grievous than Death itfelf : And They were' very
apprehenfive, that there would remain fome Order of
them excluded, as there was even a moft univerfal
Prejudice agidnft the Jefuits ; or that there would be
fome Limitations of their Numbers, which They well
knew the Catbolicks. in general would be very glad of,
though They could not appear to defire it.

There was a Committee chofen amongft them of
the Superiours of all Orders, and of the fecular Clergy,
that fate at ArundehHoufey and confulted together with
fome of the principal Lords and others of the prime
Quality of that Religion, what They Ihpuld fay or
do in fuch and fuch Cafes which probably might fall
out. They all concluded, at leaft apprehended, that
They (hould never be difpenfed with in Refpcd of
the Oaths, which were enjoined to be taken by all
Men, without their fubmitting to take fome other
Oath, that might be an equal Security of and for their
Fidelity to the King, and the Prefervation of the
Peace of the Kingdom. And there had been lately
fcattered abroad fome printed Papers, written by fome
Regular and Secular Clergy, with fober Propofitions
to that Purpofe, and even the Form of an Oath and
Subfcription to be taken or made by all Catbolicks ;
in which there was an a^bfolute Renunciation or De-
claration againft the temporal Authority of the Pope,
which, in all common Difcourfes amongft the Pro-
teftantSy all Rofvan Catbolicks made no Scruple to re-
nounce and difclaim : But it coming now to be the
Subjeft-Matter of the Debate in this Committee, the

Jefuits

tyiir . ^ Continuatm of tke Life of

Jefuits declared with much Warmth, " tiuit Thcjr
** ought not, nor could They with a good Confcience
•* as Catbdlicksy deprive the Pope of his temporal Au-
*« thority, which He hath in all Kingdoms granted to
. «* him by God himfelf,'* with very much to that Pur-
pcrfe ; with which moft of the temporal Lords, and
vtrj niany of the Seculars and Reguliu^, were fo
much fcandalized, that the Committee being broken
tip for that Time, They never attended it again ^
the wifer and the more confcientious Men difcerning,
that there was a Spirit in the reft that was raifed and
governed by a Paffion, of which They could not com-
prehend the Ground. And the Truth is^ the JtJuitSy
and They who adhered to them, had entertained
great Hopes from the King^s too much Grace to
them, and from the great Liberty They enjoyed;
and promifed themfelvcs and their Friends another
Kind of Indulgence, than They faw was intended to
them by the Houfe of Peers. And this was the
Ileafon that that Committee was no more looked
after, nor any publick Addrefs was any farther pro-
fecuted.

And from this Time there every Day appeared (o
much Infojence and Indifcretion amongft the impru-
dent CatholickSy that They brought fo many Scandals
upon his Majcfty, and kindled fo much Jealoufy in
the Parliament, that there grew a general Averfion
towards them. And the King^s Party remembered, (-4^
with what Warinefs and Difregard the Roman Catbo-
licks had lived towards them in the whole Time of
the Ufurpation ; and how little Sorrow They made
Shew of upon the horrid Murder of the King (which
was then exceedingly taken Notice of) : And They
who had been abroad with the King remembered,
that his Majefty had received lefs Regard and Re-
fpeft from his Catholick Subjefts, wherever He found
them abroad, than from any foreign Catbolicks ; who
always received him with all imaginable Duty, whilft
his own looked as if They had no Dependance upon

him.

Edward Earl ^/^ Clarendon, Gfr. 273

him. And fo We return to the Parliament after its
Adjournment.

The Parliament, that had been adjourned upon ^^ ^^'^^'*-
thc thirtieth of 7«/>^, met again upon the twentieth ofJ^^T^'
November^ with the fame Zeal and AfFeftion to ad-
vance the King's Service. And the King himfelf
came to them upon the fame Day They met, and
told them, "that He knew that Vifit was not oititKinit
•*Courfe; yet if there were no more in it, it would ^^***'
**not be ftrange, that He came to fee what-He and
**They had fo long defired to fee, the Lords Spi-
** ritual and Temporal, and the Commons of Englandy
*' met together to confult for the Peace and Safety of
** the Church and State, by which Parliaments were
•* reftorcd to their primitive Luftre and Integrity :"
His Majefty faid, " He did heartily congratulate with
**them for that Day." But He told them withal^
** that He came thither upon another Occafion ;
*' which was to fay fomewhat to them on his owii
*' Behalf, to alk fomewhat of them for himfelf, which
** was more than He had done 6i them, or of thofe
" who met before them, fmce his Coming into Eng-
^Uand. Nor did He think, that what He had to
*' fay to them did alone, or did moft concern him-
"felf: If the uneafy Condition He was in, if the
** Streights and Neceflities He was to ftruggle with,
** did not manifeftly relate to the publick Peace and
" Safety, more than to his own Particular, otherwife
"than as He was concerned in the Publick, He
" would not give them that Trouble that Day ; He
" could bear his Neceflities which merely related to
"himfelf, with Patience enough."

He told them, "that He did not importune them
" to make more Hafte in the fetding the conftant
" Revenue of the Crown, than was agreeable to the
" Method They had propofed to themfelves, nor to
" confider the infupportable Weight that lay upon it,
"the Obligations it lay under to provide for the In-
" tereft. Honour and Security of the Nation, in ano-

Vol II. T " ther

k«tf^Mi«^^^MMHlHflHaMH

^74 ^^ Continuation of tie Life of

" thcr Proportion than in any former Times it Bad
" been obliged to : His Majelty well knew, that They
" had very afFcdtionately and worthily taken all that
** into their Thoughts, and would proceed in it with
" Expedition : But that He came to put them in
*' Mind of the crying Debts which did every Day
•* call upon him, of fome neceflary Provifions, which
** were to be made without Delay for the very Safety
^* of the Kingdom, of the great Sum of Money that
^'fbould be ready to difcharge the feveral Fleets
^ when they came Home, and for the neceflary Pre-
** parations that were to be made for the fetting out
•* new Fleets to Sea againft the next Spring. Thefc
** were the preflTrng Occafions which He was forced
^ to recommend to them with all pofliWe Earneftnefsj
•* and He did conjure them to provide for as Ipecdily
^ as was poflible, and in fuch a Manner as might
** give them Security at Home, and fome Reputation
•• abroad." His Majefly faid, " that He made this
** Difcourfe to them with fome Confidence, becaufe
" He was very willing and defirous that They Should
•' thoroughly examine, whether thofe Neceflities which
** He mentioned were real or imaginary, or whether
** they were fallen upon him by his own Fault, his
"own ill Managery, or Excefles, and provide for(H
** them accordingly. He was very willing that They
*' (hould make a full Infpedlion into his Revenue, as
•' well the Difburfements as Receipts ; and if They
** (hould find that it had been ill managed by any
*' Corruptions in the Officers He trufted, or by his
" own Unthriftinefs, He fhould take the Advice and
•* Information They (hould give him very kindly.

H E told them, " that He was very forry that the
*' general Temper and AfFeftions of the Nation were
**not fo well compofed, as He hoped they would
•*havc been, after fo fignal Bleflings from God Al-
•' mighty upon them all, and after fo great Indul-
*• gence and Condefcenfions from him towards all
•*Intcrcfts. But that there were many wicked In-

" ftrumcnts

)

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 275

•* ftruments ftill as aftive as ever, who laboured Night
" and Day to difturb the publick Peace, and to make
** all People jealous of each other : It would be wor-
*' thy their Care and Vigilance to provide proper Re-
" medies for the Difeafes of that Kind -, and if They
*' ftiould find new Difeafes, They muft ftudy new
'• Remedies. Fqr thofe Difficulties which concerned
*' Matters in Religion,'* his Majefty confefled to them,
" that They were too hard for him j and therefore
" He did recommend them to their CarS and Difcrc-
" rion, which could bed provide for them."

Th e two Houfes were abundantly pleafed with all
that his Majefty had faid to them, and immediately
betook them to the Confideration of thofe Particu-
lars, which He had principally recommended to them.
And though for the prcfent They looked upon that
Claufe of his Majefty's Speech, wherein He referred
to them to make an Infpedion into his Revenue and*
his Expenfes, but as a generous and princely Con^
defcenfion, which would not become them to make
tJfe of ( nor indeed had They at that Time the leafl:
Prejudice to or Jealoufy of any, who were of the
neareft Truft about his Majefty); yet four Years
after, when the Expenfes had grown to be much
greater, and it may be all DiftDurfements not fo war-
rantable, and when the Faftions in Court and Par-
liament were at a great Height, and Men made Ufe
of publick Pretences to fatisfy their private Animo-
fities and Malice, They made Ufe of that frank
Ofier of his Majefty, to entitle themfclves to make
Inquifition into publick and private Receipts and Dif-
burfements, in a very extraordinary Manner never prac-
tifed before.

Let no Man wonder, that within fp Uttle Time 2^rbeRetfiia
a Year and a Half or very little more after the King^s ^^'fi^^
Return, that is, from A&y to November in the next vMnfrgrm.
Year, and after fo great Sums of Money raifed by
Ads of Parliament upon the People, his Majefty^s
Debts could be fo cryipg and importunate, as to
' T 2 ' -' • difturb

276 T'he Continuation of the Life of

difturb him to that Degree as He exprefled. It was
never enough underftood, that in all that Time He
never received from the Parliament more than the
feventy thoufand Pounds towards his Coronation ;
nor were the Debts which were now fo grievous to
. him contrafted by himfelf ( though it cannot be fup-
poferf but that He had contrafted Debts himfelf in
that Time) r All the Money that had been given and
raifed had been applied to the Payment of the Land
and Sea Forces^ and had done neither. Parliaments
do feldom make their Computations right, but reckon
what They give to be much more than is ever re-
ceivcdr and what They are to pay to be as mach
lefs than in Truth They owe ; lo that when all the
.Money that was collected was paid, there remained
ftill very much du€ to the Soldiers, and much more
to the Seamen : And the Clamour from Both reached
the King's Ears, as if They had been levied by his
Warrant and for his Service, And his Majefty un-
derftood too well, by the Experience of the ill Huf-
bandry of the laft Year, when both the Army and
the Ships were fo long continued rn Pay, for Want^^s)
of Money to dilband and pay them off, what the
Trouble and Charge would be, if the feveral Fleets
Ihould return before Money was provided to difcharge
the Seamen ; and for that the Clamour would be only
upon him.

But there was an Expenfe that He had been en-
gaged in from the Time of his Return, and by which
He had contrafled a great Debt, of which very few
Men could take Notice •, nor could the King think
fit to difcover it, till He had firft provided a^nft
the Mifchief whidi might have attended the Difco-
very. It will hardly be believed, that in fo warlike
an Age, and when the Armies and Fleets of England
had made more Noife in the World for twenty Years,
had fought rtiore Battles at Land and Sea, than all
the World had done befides, or any one People had
done in arty Age before j and when at his Majefl/S

Return

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. lyj

Heturn there remained a hundred Ships at Sea, and
an Army of near threefcore thoufand Men at Land ;
there (hould not be in the ^ower 6f Londoriy and in all
the Stores belonging to the Crown, Fire-Arms enough.
Tior indeed of any other Kind, to arm three thoufand
Men ; nor Powder and naval Provifions enough to fet
out five Ships of War.

From the Death of Cromwell^ no Care had been
taken for Supplies of any of the Stores. And the
Changes which enfued in the Government, and put-
ting out and in new Officers ; the Expeditions of Lam-
bert againft Sir Gtorg^ Booths and ^terwards into the
North ; and other Preparations for thofe Faftions and
Parties which fucceeded each other ; and the continual
Opportunities which the Officers had for Embezzle-
ment; and laftly, the fetting out that Fleet which
was fent to attend upon the King for his Return ; had
fo totally drained the Stores of all Kinds, that the
Magazines were no better replenifhed than is men-
tioned before : Which as foon as his Majefty knew,
as He could not be long ignorant of it, the firft
Care He took was to conceal it, that it might not
be known abroad or at Home, in how ill a Pofture .
He was to defend himfelf againft an Enemy. And
then He committed the Care of that Province to a
noble Perfon, whom He knew He could not truft
too much, and made Sir IVilliam Compton Mafter of
the Ordnance, and made' all the Shifts He could
devife for Monies, that the Work might he begun.
And hereby infenfibly He had contraded a great
Debt : And thefe were Part of the crying Debts, and ^ ;
the neceflary Provifions which were to be made with-
out Delay for the very Safety of the Kingdom, which
He told the Parliament. And in this He had labour-
ed fo effi^dually, that at the Time when the firft
Dutch War was entered into, all the Stores were more
completely fupplied and provided for, and the Ships
and all naval Provifions in greater Strength and
Plenty, than they had ever been in the Reign of

T 3 any

2^8 ,^be Continuation of the Life of

iany former King, or in the Time of the Ufurper him-
felf.

That Part of the King's Speech, of the Diftem-
pers in the Nation by the Differences in Religion,
which He confeffed were too hard for him, and re-
commended the compofing them to their Care and
Deliberation, gives me a feafonable Opportunity to
enter upon the Relation, how that Affair flood at
that Time, and how far the Diftraftions of thofe feve-
ral Faftions were from being reconciled, though Epif-
copacy feemed to be fully reftored, and the Biftiops
to their Votes in Parliament -, which had been looked
upon as the mod fovereisn Remedy, to cure, reform
AMAcmmrfov cxtinguiQi all thofe Maladies. The Biftiops had
^^JJ^^^ipent the Vacation in making fuch Alterations in the
Book of Common Prayer y as They thought would make
it more grateful to the dijfenting Brethren^ for fo the
fchifmatical Party called themfelves •, and fuch Addi-Cu
tions, as in their Judgments the Temper of the prc-
fent Time and the paft Mifcarriages required. It
was neceflarily to be prefented to the Convocation,
which is the national Synod of the Church ; and that
did not fit during the Recefs of the Parliament, and
fo came not together till the End of November: Where
the Confideration of it took up much Time j all Men
offering fuch Alterations and Additions, as were fuit-
able to their own Fancies, and the Obfervations which
They had made in the Time of Confufion.
Smit/tbt The Bifhops were not all of one Mind. Some of
^^Hu them, who had greateft Experience and were in Truth
^j««ftW/«wife Men, thought it beft "to reftore and confirm
t«w- cc j}^Q qJj 2ook of Common Prayer^ without any Altera-
" tions and Additions ; and that it would be the beft
*' Vindication the Liturgy and Government of the
•* Church could receive, that after fo many Scandals
•* and Reproaches caft upon Both, and after a bloody
" Rebellion and a War of twenty Years raifed, as
** was pretended, principally againft Both, and which
" had prevailed and triumphed in the total Suppreflion

"and

Edwari> Earl of Clarendon, &c. 279

** and Deftruaion of Both, they (hould now be rc-
** ftored to be in all Refpefts the fame they had been
** before. Whereas any Alterations and Additions
*' (befides the Advantage it might give to the com-
*^ mon Adverfary, the Papiji^ who would be apt to
** fay that We had reformed and changed our R^li-
**eion again), would raife new Scruples in the
** raftious and fchifmatical Party, that was afhamed
** of all the old Arguments, which had fo often been
*• anfwered, and ftood at prefent exploded in the Judg-
** ment of all fober Men -, but would recover new
** Spirits to make new Objeftions, and complain that
**the Alterations and Additions are more grievous
** and burdenfome to the Liberty of their Confcience,
**than thofe of which They had formerly com-
*• plained."

Others, equally grave, of great Learning zndotherso/tim
unblemiflicd Reputation, prefled earncftly both for^^^**^.
the Alterations and Additions; faid, *'that it was
*^ a common Reproach upon the Government of the
** Church, that it would not depart from the leaft
*' unneccflary Expreflion or Word, nor explain the
" moft infignificant Ceremony 5 which would quiet
** or remove the Doubts and Jealoufies of many con-
*'fcientious Men, that They did in Truth fignifjr
** fomewhat that was not intended : An^ therefore
** fince fome powerful Men of that troublefome Party
** had made it their earneft Requeft, that fome fuch
♦* Alterations and Additions might be made, and
**profeffed that it would give great Satisfaftion to
** many very good Men ; it would be great Pity,
** now there was a fit Opportunity for it, which had
** not been in former Times of Clamour, not to
" gratify them in thofe fmall Particulars, which did
** not make any important Difference from what was
** before." It may be there were fome, who be-
lieved that the Vidtory and Triumph of the Church
would be with the more Luftre, if fomewhat were
infcrtcd, that might be underflood to refleft upon the

rude ' •

28o I'be Continuation of the Life of

rude and rebellious Behaviour of the late Times,
which had been regulated and condufted by that
Clergy : And fo both Additions and Alterations were
made.
'Tu firmer B u T the Truth is, what Shew of Reafon foever
2J^*^^ and Appearance of Charity the latter Opinion feemed
"*** * to carry with it, the former Advice was the more
prudent, and would have prevented many Inconve-
niences which enfued. Whatever had been pretended
or defired, the Alterations which were made to pleafc
them did not reduce one of them to the Obedience of
the Church -, and the Additions raifed the Claniour
higher than it had been. And when it was evident
that They ftiould not be left longer without a Liturgy,
They cried aloud for the fame Thev had before, (14S)
though They had inveighed againft it for near a hun-
dred Years together.
rhiwbtpy It is an unhappy Policy, and always unhappily
^kfJom- applied, to imagine that that Clajfis of Men can be
affiant to the recovcrcd or reconciled by partial Conceflions, or
^^^**"- granting lefs than They demand. And if all were
granted. They would have more to afk, fomewhat as
^ Security for the Enjoyment of what is granted, that
Ihall preferve their Power, and Ihake the whole Frame
of the Government. Their Faftion is their Religion :
Nor are thofe Combinations ever entered into upon
real and fubftantial Motives of Confcience how er-
roneous foever, but confift of many glutinous Ma-
terials, of Will, and Humour, and Folly, and Knave-
ry, and Ambition, and Malice, which make Men
cling inVeparably together, till They have Satisfai£tion
in all their Pretences, or till They are ablblutcly
broken and fubdued, which may always be more
eafiiy done than the other. And if fome few, how
fignal foever (which often deceives us),. are (epaiated
and divided from the Herd upon reafonable Ovei^
tures, and fecret Rewards which make die Ovr ^

look the more reafonable % They arc but f
■ fingle Men, and have no more '

J

Edward £jr/ ^ Clarendon, &c. 281

( whatever They have had ) with their Companions,
than if They had never known them, rather lefs <
being lefs mad than They were makes them thought
to be kfs fit to be believed. And They, whom You
think You have recovered, carry always a Chagrin
about them, which makes them good for Nothing,
but for Inftances to divert you from any more of that
Kind of Tf affick.

And it is very ftrange, that the Clergy did not at
this Time remember what had fo lately befallen the
poor Church of Scotland^ upon the Tranfmiffion of
their Liturgy^ which had been compofed with this
very Profpeft that now dazzled their Eyes. "To •
** receive a Liturgy from England was below the Dig-
•' nity of that Nation, which were governed by their
"own Laws, without Dependance upon any otiier.
'*Befides there were many Errors in that Liturgy
" that They could never fubmit to, and fome De-
" fedts which ought to be fupplied ; and if fuch a
*' one Ihould be compiled, in which all thofe Excep-
*' tions, which were well enough known, might be
** provided for. They would gladly receive it." All
this was carefully performed ; and what Reception it
had afterwards is too well known, and will ever be
remembered by the Scars which ftill remain from
thofe Wounds. And then the great Objeftion that
w^ moft impudently urged was, "that it differed
" from the Liturgy of the Church of England^ which
*' They were ready to have received, and would have
*' declared to the World, that the two Nations had
** but one Religion ; whereas the Book fent to them ^

*' would have manifefted the contrary, and was the
*' Produdb of a few particular Men, to whofe Spirit
** and Humour They would not facrifice their native
^* Liberty of Confcience."

They of the fame Fraternity in England at xKi^N^tftU
prefent governed themfelves by the fame Method, ^|^*^,^
though, God be thanked, not yet with the fame Sue- c "
Qds, And there 1$ great Reafpn to believe, that the"

very

282 TT^e Continuatim of the Life of

vtrf Men, who laboured fo much for the Alterations
which were made, and profeffed to receive fo much
Satisfadtion in them, did it for no other End, but to

• procure more Opportunity to continue and enlarge
the Contentions ; and to gain Excufe and Credit to
the ill Things They had done, by the Redrefs and
Reparation that was given them in the Amendment
of many Particulars, againft which They -had always
complained. There was not one of them who had
ufed that Importunity and made that Profeffion, who
afterwards was conformable to the Government of '49
the Church, or frequented thofe Churches where or
when the ZAturgy was ufcd.

nifisims Whilst the Clergy was bufy and folicitous to pre-

?[J^^''^"pare this Remedy for the prefent Diftempers, th^

Uimfi. People of all the feveral Faftions in Religion aflumed

more Licenfe than ever They had done. The Prejhy-

ttrians in all their Pulpits inveighed againft the Book

• of Common Prayer that They expeded, and took the
fame Liberty to inveigh againft the Government of
the Church, as They had been accuftomed to before
the Return of the King ; with Reflections upon the
Perfons of the Bifhops, as if They aflumed a Jurif-
didtion that was yet at leaft fufcended. And the
other Faftions in Religion, as if by Concert, took
the fame Liberty in their feveral Congregation$, The
Anabaptifis and the fakers made more Noifc than
ever, and aflfembled together in greater Numbers,
and talked what Reformations They expected in all
Particulars. Thefe Infolencies offended the Parlia-
ment very much : And the Houfe of Commons ex-
prcflTed much Impatience, that the Liturgy was lo
long in Preparation, that the Jff of Uniformity might
without Delay be pafled and publiflied ; not without
fome Infinuations and Reflexions, that his Majeft/s
Candour, and Admiflion of all Perfons to refort to
his Prcfence, and his Condefcenfion to confer with
them, had raifed their Spirits to an Infolence infup-
portable j and that Nothing could reduce them to

the

Edward £jr/ g/* Clarendon, G^rv 283

the Temper of good Subjeds, but the higheft Se-
verity.

I T is very true, from the Time of his Majefly's
Coming into England^ He had not been referved in
the Admiffion of thofe who had been his greateft
Enemies, to his Prefence. The Prefbyterian Mi-
nifters He received with Grace ; and did believe that
He fhould work upon them by Perfuafions, having
been well acquainted with their common Arguments
by the Converfation He had had in Scotland^ and was
very able to confute them. The Independants had as
free Accefs, both that He might hinder any Con-
junflion between the other Faftions, and becaufc
They feemed wholly to depend upon his M^efty's
Will and Pleafure, without rcforting to the rarlia-
ment, in which They had no Confidence ; and had
rather that Epifcopacy fhould flourifh again, than
that the Prefiyterians fhould govern. The King
had always admitted the fakers for his Divertife-
ment and Mirth, becaufe He thought, that of all the
Faftions They were the mofl innocent, and had leaft
of Malice in their Natures againft his Perfon and
his Government : And it was now too late, though
He had a worfc Opinion of them all, to reflrrain
them from coming to him, till there fhould be fome
Law made to punifh them ; and therefore He flill
called upon the Bifhpps, to caufe the Liturgy to be
expedited in the Convocation. And finding that
thofe Diftempers had that Influence upon the Houfe
of Commons, that the Difpleafurc and Jealoufy which
They conceived from thence did retard their Coun-
fels, and made them lefs folicitous to advance his
Service in the fettling his Revenue, They having fate
near three Months after their coming together again
upon their Adjournment, without making any con-
fiderable Progrefs in it; He fent for the Speaker andT&KV^
the Houfe ot Commons to attend him at JVhiuhallJ^^'^^^^
where He fpake unto them, though very gracioufly, f«w»»«/»
in a Style th^t feemed to have more of Expoftu- ^J^^**

lation

284 2^ Co)itinuatim of the Life of

lation and Reprehenfion than They had been accuf-
tomed to.
Wn^ptubti . He faid, " H;^ fpake his Heart to them when
'^~ '^^ He told them, that He did believe, that from the

•*firftInftitution of Parliaments to that Hour, there
*'had never been a Houfe of Commons fuller of
" AfFeftion and Duty to their King, than They were
*• to him ; never any that was more defirous and foli-
*'citous to gratify their King, than They were to
** oblige him; never a Houfe of Commons, in which(»5o)
^ there were fewer Perfons without a full Meafurc of
** Zeal for the Honour and Welfare of the King and
" Country, than there are in this : In a Word," He
laid, "He knew mod of their Perfons and Names,
*' and could never hope to find better Men in their
.** Places. Yet after all this He could not but lament
**and even complain, that He and They and the
" Kingdom were yet without that prcfent Fruit and
** Advantage, which They might reafonably promife
'* themfelves from fuch a Harmony of Affe6tions,
"and Unity in Refolutions to advance the publick
** Service, and to provide for the Peace and Security
. " of the Kingdom ; that TJiey did not expedite thofe
'^ good Counfels, which were moft neceflary for Both.
" He knew not how it came to pafs, but for many
*' Weeks paft, even fince their laft Adjournment, pri-
"vate and particular Bufinefs had almoft thruft the
" Confideration of the Publick out of Doors ; and
" He did not know that They were nearer the fettling
*' his Revenue, than They had been at Cbriftmas. He
** was fure He had communicated his Condition to
** them without Referve ; what He had coming in,
" and what his neceffary Dilburfements were. And"
He faid " He was exceedingly deceived, if whatever
" They gave him were any otherwife given to him,
** than to be iflued out for their own Ule and Benefit:
"and if They confidered it well. They would find
*' that They we^e the richer by what They gave,

" fmce

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. . 285

^^ fince it was all to be laid out that They might enjoy
^' the reft in Peace and Security."

He faid, " He need not put them in Mind of the
** mifcrable EfFefts, that had attended the Wants and
" Neceffities of the Crown ; that He needed not to
" tcU them, that there was a Republican Party ftill
*' in the Kingdom, which had the Courage ftill to
*• promifc themfelves another Revolution : And He
" thought He had as littk Need to tell them, that
" the only Way, with God's Bleffing, to difappoint
" their Hopes, and indeed to reduce them from thofe
*' extravagant Hopes and Delires, was, to let them
" fee that They had fo provided for the Crown, that
" it had wherewithal to fupport itfelf, and to fecure
•*his People; which He was fure was all He dcfircd,
** and defired only for their Prefervation. Therefore
** He conjured them by all the Profeflions of Affec*
** tion which They had made to him, by all the Kind-
" ntk which He knew They had for him, that They
" would, after all their Deliberations, betake them-
" fclves to fome fpeedy Refolutions, and fettle fuch a
" real and fubftantial Revenue upon him, as might
" hold fome Proportion with the neceflary Expenfes
** He was at for the Peace and Benefit and Honour of
" the. Kingdom ; that They who looked for Troubles
** at Home might defpair of their Wifties ; and that
" our Neighbours abroad, by feeing that all is well
"at Home, might have that Efteem and Value of
** his Majefty, as might fecure the Honour and In-
"tereft of .the Nation, and make the Happinefs of
** the Kingdom and of that City once more the Admi-
" ration and Envy of the World."

H E told them, " that He heard that They were
"very zealous for the Church, and very felicitous
"and even jealous that there was not Expedition
" enough ufed in that Affair : He thanked them for
" it, fince He prefumed that it proceeded from a
" good Root of Piety and Devotion. But," He faid,
l*diat He muft tell them, that He had the worft .

"Luck

l86 Tie Continuation of the Life of

** Luek in the World, if after all the Reproaches of
•* being a 'Paftft while He was abroad. He was fuf-
** pefted to be a Prejbytman now He was come Home,
«* He knew They would not take it unkindly, if He
** told them, that He was as zealous for the Church
•* of England as any of them could be, and was enough
•* acquainted with the Enemies of it on all Sides ;
** that He was as much in Love with the Book of Com-
•^ mon Prayer as They could wifti, and had PrcjudiccCisO
** enough to thofe who did not love it, who He
•* hoped in Time would be better informed, and fo
** change their Minds ; and They might be confident,
•• He did as much defire to have an Uniformity fet-
•* tied, as any Man amongft them. He prayed them
•* to truft him in that Afeir, and promifed them to
** haftcn the Difpatch of it with all convenient Speed;
** They might rely upon him in it." He faid, " He
•* had trannnitted the Book of Common Prayer^ with
** thofe Alterations and Additions which had been
•* prefented to him by the Convocation, to the Houfe
' •* of Peers with his Approbation, that the Aa of Urn-
^^formity might relate to it^ fo that He prefumed
** that it wodd fhortly be difpatched there : And that
** when They had done all They could," He faid,
•*the well fettling that Affair would require great
•* Prudence and Difcretion, and the Abfence of all
•* Paflion and Precipitation."

H I s Majefty concluded with affuring them, *^ that

** He did promife himfelf great Fruits from that Con-

** verfation He had with them, and that They would

** juftify the Confidence He had in their Affections,

** by letting the World fee, that They took his Con-

*' cernments to Heart, and were ready to do whatfo-

** ever He defired for the Peace and Welfare of the

** Kingdom."

rhi Liturgy Wh e n the Book of Common Prayer was, by the King*s

aH^^^L^ Command, prefented to the Houfe of Lords by the

vithjhe two Archbiftiops, (for it had been approved by the

^l^'mT' Convocation of the Province of Tork^ as well as by

that

Edward Earl of Clarendon; Gfr- 287

that of Canterbury) confirmed by his Majefly under
the Great Seal of England \ the Book itfelf took up
no Debate : Only the Earl of Northumberland pro*
pofed, " that the old Book of Common Prayer might be
" confirmed without any Alteration or Addition, and
*' then the fame A£l of Uniformity^ that had been in
" the Time of Queen Elizabeth^ would be likewife
" applied to it ; whereas a new Adt of Uniformity
" might take up much Time and raife much Debate,
"all which would be avoided by adhering to the
« old."

Whatever that Lord's Opinion was, He was
known to be of the Prefbyterian Party. And it wa^
anfwered, " that if that Propofition had been heartily
** made when the King came into England^ it would
**have met with a general Approbation, and pre-
** vented much Sharpncfs and Animofity, which nad
"fince arifen by thole who oppofcd that excellent
**Form. But after the Clergy had fo bitterly in-
** veighed againft many Parts thereof, and prevailed
*'with his Kfajefty to fufpend the Ufc of it till it
•' might be revifed, as by his Declaration of the five
" and twentieth of OSlober He had done, and there-
*' upon had granted his Commiflion under the Great
•* Seal of England to feveral Bifliops and other Divines,
*' tojeview the Book of Common Prayer^ and to prepare
*' fuch Alterations and Additions as They thought fit
*' to offer ; and that afterwards his Majefty had been
" pleafed to authorize the Convocations of Both the
** Provinces of Canterbury and Tork^ called and aflem-
" bled by his Majefly's Authority, to review the faid
" Book of Prayer^ and the Book of the Form and Man-
•* ner of the making and confecrating of Bifhops^ Priejls '
•* and Deacons \ and that now after the Bifhops and
*' Clergy of Both Provinces had, upon great Delibe-
** ration and upon reviewing thofe Books, prepared
** and confented to fome Alterations, and to the Ad-
** dition of feveral Prayers to be ufed upon emergent
^Occafions, all which his Majefly had already ra^

*' tificd

288 The Continuation of the Life of

" tified and confirmed : It could not but be uiidcr-

** flood Matter of great Levity and 'Offence, to rejedt

^' this Book, that was now with all this Ceremony

*' and Solemnity prefented, for no other Reafon but

*' becaufe They liked better the old Book, which had

" been for twenty Years difcontinued and rejcfted/*(,;

^ . And therefore it was moved, " that there might not

" be fuch an Affront put upon the Convocation, and

jMamfemid^^ upon the King himfelf.** And fo with little more

f h tfum. pubiick Conteft the Book itfelf was confentcd and fub-

mitted to.

But then the jiii of Uniformity depended long, and

took up much Debate in Both Houfes. In the Houfe

of Peers, where the Aft firft began, there were many

Things inferted, which had not been contained in the

former Jit of Uniformity j and fo feemed to carry fomc-

Ddaia there what of Novelty in them. It admitted " no Perfon

2^^^/^ "to have any Cure of Souls or any Ecclefiaflical

mity. ** Dignity in the Church of England^ but fuch who

*' had been or fhould be ordained Pricfl or Deacon

** by fome Bifhop, that is, who had not Epifcopal

** Ordination ; excepting only the Minifters or Paflors

*' of the French and Dutch Churches in London and other

** Places, allowed by the King, who fhould enjoy

" the Privileges They had."

This was new ; for there had been many and at
prefent there were fome, who pofTefTed Benefices with
Cure of Souls, and other Ecclefiaflical Promotions,
who had never received Orders but in France or in
Holland'^ and thefe Men muft now receive new Ordi-
nation, which had been always held unlawful in the
upnthe Church, or by this Aft of Parliament muft be de-
f^-^^^prived of their Livelihood, which They enjoyed in
CrdiMticti. the moft fiourifhing and peaceable Time of the
Church. And therefore it was faid, " that this had
*' not been the Opinion of the Church of England;
•* and that it would lay a great Reproach upon all
** other Proteftant Churches who had no Bifhops, as
** if They had no Minifters, and confcqucntly were

« no

Edward Eart of CLARtNDON, dc. 2%g

*^no Churches: For that it was well known the
** Church of England did not allow Reordination, as
** the ancient Church never admitted it ; inafmuch as
** if any Frieft of the Church of Rome renounces the
*' Communion thereof^ his Ordination is not queftion-
** cd, but He is as capable of any Preferment in this
**Churchj as if He had been ordained in it. And
•* therefore the not admitting the Miniftcrs of other
** Protejiants to have the fame Privilege, can proceed
** from no other Ground, than that They looked not
*' upon them as Minifters, having no Ordination j
^' which is a Judgment the Church of England had
** not ever owned : And that^it would be very impru-
** dent to do it now/*

T o this it was anfwered,, " that the Church of
** England judged none but her own Church, nor
" did determine that other Proteftant Churches were
"without Ordination. It is a Thing without her
" Cognizance : And moft of the learned Men of
" thde Churches had made Neceflity the chief Pillar^
" to fupport that Ordination of theirs. That Ne*
"ceflity cannot be pleaded here, where Ordination
" is given according to the unqueftionable Praftice of
" the Church of Chrift : If They who pretend foreign
"Ordination are his Majefly's Subjefts, They have
" no Excufe of Neceflity, for They might in all Times
"have received Epifcopal Ordination, and io They
" did upon the Matter renounce their own Church j
" if They are Strangers, and pretend to Preferment in
•' this Church, They ought to conform and to be fub-
•* je6t to the Laws of the Kingdom, which concern
" only thofe who defire to live under the Protedlion
" thereof. For the Argument of Reordination, there
"is no fuch Thing required. Rebaptization is not •
" allowed in or by any Church : Yet in all Churches
" where it is doubted, as it may be often with very
" good Reafon, whether the Perfon hath been bap-
" tized or no, or if it hath been baptized by a Mid-
" wife or lay Perfon 5 without determining the Vali-

Vol. II. * ■ U " dity

a^^J ^f^^ Continuation tf the L^ of

** dity or Invalidity of fuch Bnptirm, thcit ii an tijr-
«^ pothetical Form, If thou haft not han alteaif tsiptizidy
^^ I do baptize^ &c. So in thi^ Ctfe of Ordination,
•* the Form may be the fame. If tbou bafi not bitn{is
^ already ordainedj then I do ordain^ 6ct, If hks for^
^mer Ordination were good^ this is voidi if the
^^ other was invalid or defeAive^ He hath R^^eibn to
•^be glad that it be thus fupplied/' After much
Debate, that Claufe remained mil in the A£t : And
Very many who had received Prelbyterian Orders in
die late Times, came Tcry willingly to be oixkiiied
in the Manner aforefaid by a Btfhop ; and very fe^
chofe to quit or lofe a Parfonage or Vicarage of any
Value upon that Scruple.
A Clamour There was another Claufe in the BiU, that made
r&S^ very much more Noife afterwards, though far the
tbeciaufitf prefcnt it took not up fo much Time, and in Truth
^J^'' was little taken Notice of: That is, a Form of Sub-
ici-iption that every Man was to mdce, who had re-
ceived, or before He received, wiy Benefice or Pre-
ferment in the Church ; which comprehended all the
Governours, Superiours and Fellows, in all the Col-
leges and Halls of either Unircrfity, aiid aU School-
fnafters and the like, who are fubfervient towards
Learning. Every fuch Perfbn was to declare ** his '
"unteigned Aflfeht and Confent to all and every
•* Thing contained and prefer ibed in and by the Book,
*« entitled Tie Boek of GofHfndn Prayfr^ ticj^ The
SubTcription was genei'aUy thought fo reafbnable,
that it fcarce met with any C^]fpofitk>n in either
Houfe. But when it came abroad, and was to be
fubmitted to, all the diflenting Brethren cried out,
** that it was a Snare to catch them, to fey that which
** could not confift with their Confciences/* Tlicy
took great Pdins to diftinguifh and to ^ake gncat
Difference between j4ffent and Confent : ^ They could
•^* be content to read the Book in the Manner Tlicy
^were obliged to do, which Aewed their Cottfcnt;
^ but declaring their unfeigned Afleftt to every Thing

•* con-

^'conddned and prdcribed therein y^ould 'waply^ thftt
** They were io fulljr convinced in their Judgments,
^* MS to think that ic was fo perfeft, that Mothing
^therein could be amended, which for their Part
** They thought tbene might. TJaat there were manrjr
^ E}q>Feflions in the RuMck^ which They were not
^ faooni to read ; yet by this Afleoc They dedared
^ dieir Approbation thereof/' But after xnany tedious
Dtf:oui&4 cf this tyrannical Imposition, They grew
bf Degrees aftiamed of it ( and were perfuaded to
thinks that jfjfM and Qmfent had fo near the fame
Sicnificacion, that They could hardly conftnt to do
w^ They did not aflent to : So diat the chie^
amon^ them, to tvoid a rery little InoonTcnieofit^
fubfcnbed the fame.

Bur cbere was fliortly after another Claufe added, neBiff^jn
that gkft diem Traible indeed. Whoi die BiU had^^^'^
palled the Lords Hoa&, it was fent of Courie to the
Commons ; where though dl the Fadions in Reli-
gion had too many Friends, for the moft contrary
and oppofise ^ne to another always were united and
reconciled againft the Church, yet They who were
^sealow for the Government, md who hated all the
other Factions at ieaft Enough, were very much fti-
periour in Number and in Reputation. And the Bill
was no iboner read there, than every Man according
«o his Paflion thought of adding Ibmewhat to k, that
might make it more mtevous to Somebody whom
He did not lofie ^ whidi made the Difcourfes tedious
and vehement and foil of Animofity. And at laft^<wMkr»tf»
They agreed upon a Claufe, which contained another ^"^'^^
Subicription and Declaration, which every Man was«m
to make before He could be admiaed into any Bene-
fice or Ecdefiafticai Pnunodon, or to be a Goven^our
or Fefiow iik either of the Univerfities. He muft firft
declare, ** that it is not lawful, upon any Pretence
^ whatfoever, to take Arms againft the King ; and
^^ that He doth abhor that traiterous Poiition of taking
*^ Arms by his Authority againft his Pet£ui, or againit

U 2 "thofe

292 The Continuation of the Life tf

** thofe that are commiflioned by him ; and that He(i54)
" will conform to the liturgy of the Church of Eng-
*« hnd^ as it is now by Law eftablifhed." And He
doth declare, " that He doth hold there lies no 0\>
•* ligation upon him, or on any other Perfon, from
** the Oath commonly called Tl:>e folemn League and
" Covenant^ to endeavour any Change or Alteration
" of Government, either in Church or State ; and
" that the fame was in itfelf an unlawful Oath, and
•' impofed upon the Subjefts of this Realm, againft
** the known Laws and Liberties of the Kingdom ;"
with feme other Claufes, which need not be mentioned
TbeBiUrt- becaufc they wcrc aftcrwards left out. And with this
J^"'^ Addition, and fome other Alterations, They returned
the Bill again to the Lords for their Approbation.

The framing and forming this Claufe had taken
up very much Time, and r^ed no leis Paflion in the
Houfe of Commons : And now it came among the
Lords, it was not leis troublefome. It added to the
Difpleafure and Jealoufy againft the Bifliops, by whom
it was thought to be prepared, and commended to
their Party in the lower Houfe. Many L^rds, who
had taken the Covenant^ were not fo much concerned
that the Clergy (for whom only this Aft was prepared)
ihould be obliged to make this Declaration ; but q>-
prehended more, that when fuch a Claufe (hould be
once pafled in one Aft of Parliament, it could not
after be difputed, and fo would be inferted into all
•other Afts which related to the Fundlion of any other
Offices, and fo would in a fliort Time be required of
themfclves. And therefore They oppofed it warmly
D.Atf/«i^/i"as a Thing unneceflary, and which would widen
^^^^- ** the Breach, inftead of clofing up the Wounds thit
/^1^'xf *^ had been made ; which the King had made it his

^^Buflnefs to do, and the Parliament had MdiPttti ,-
"concurred with his Majefty in that Endeavour*
*' That many Men would believe or fear ( which ia
fuch a Cafe is the fame), that this Ckufe might
prove a Breach of the A£i e/ Indimmtj^ which bad

<« i

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^c. 293

•* not only provided againft Indidments and Suits at
*'Law and Penalties, but againft Reproaches for*
** what was paft, which this Claufc would be under-
** flood to give new Life to. For what concerned the
•* Conformity to the Liturgy of the Church as it is
** now eftablifhed, it is provided for as fully in the
** former Subfcription in this Aft, and therefore is
** impertinent in this Place. That the Covenant con-
«* tained many good Things in it, as defending the
** King's Perfon, and maintaining the Protcftant Re-
** ligion : And therefore to fay that there lies no Ob-
** ligation from it, would never* be for the Service of
** the King or the Intereft of the Church ; efpecially
** fincc it was vtcU known, that it had wrought upon
^* the Confcience of many to ferve the King in the late
** Revolution, from which his Majefty had received
*' great Advantage. However it was now dead, the
*♦ Men were abfolved from taking it, nor could it be
^* impofed or oflFered to any Man without Punilhmcnt ;
** and They, who had in the ill Times been forced to
*' take it, did now inviolably and cheerfully perform
**all the Duties of Allegiance and Fidelity to his
"Majefty. If it had at any Time produced any
** Good, that was an Excufe for the Irregularity of
** it : It could do no Mifchief for the future ; and
** therefore that it was Tiipe to bury it in Obli-
" vion.'*

Many Men believed, that though They infifted
principally on that Part which related to the Covenant^
They were in Truth more affliSed with the firft
Part 5 in .wMch it was declared, ** that it was not
** lawful, upon any Pretence whatfoever, to take Atms
** againft the King •, and that He doth abhor that
" traiterous Pofition of taking Arms by his Autho-
••rity againft his Perfon:- Which Conclufions had
iS)been the Principles which fupported their Rebellion,
" and by wliich They had impofed upon the People,
Sod got their Concurrence, They durft not oppoie
* ' becaufc the Parliament had already by a former

^>

Aft

15^4 ^^ Cmtimatwn of tbi L^e tf

ASt declared the Law to be fo in tbofe Particulars !
Yet this went much nearer to them^ that by their
own particular Declaration (for They looked upoa ft
as that which in a Oiort Time muft be their own).
They (hould upon the Matter coofefe themii^ves to
have been Traitors, which They had not yet been
declared to have been ; and no Man couU now yoSSaSj
the calling them fa

T H £ V who were moft foIkitoKts diat the Hoofe
Oiould concur with the Commons in this Addition,
had Fieldroom enoogh to expatiate upon die pofi
Iniquity of the Csvvkint. They made themCbives very
merry with the Allegation, ^^ that the King's Safety
*^ and fhe Intereft of the CkufxJi were provided for
*^ by the Qcfoenmity when it had been therefore ent»ed
^* into, to fight againft the Kis^ and to deftroy the
** Church, That there was no one lawfiil or hcMieft
^'Oaufe in the Onemanty that was not deftroyed or
*^ made of no Signification by the next that fucceed-
^ed ) and if it were not, the £une Obligation was
** better provided lor by Ibcne other Oaths, which
^ the fame Men had or ought to hai^ taken, and
•* which ought to have reftrained them from ttkkig
•* the C^otnant : And therefore it naay jufUy be pio-
••nounced that there is no ObHgadon upon any
"Man from thence. That there was 'no Breach oif
•' the J^ of Indemnity^ nor any Reproach upon any
•* iMan for having taken it, except what would rcfult
•*from his own Conlcience, But that it. was m<^
•*abfolutely necetlary for the Safety of the King's
•• Perfon, and the Peace of the Kingdom^ that They
«* who had taken it (hould de/:bre, that They do not
** believe tbemfclves to be bound by it : Otherwifc
«' 1 hey may ftill think, that They may fight againft
•^ the King, and muft confpire the Dcftru&oii of the
♦* CJmrch. And They cannot take too much Caie,
•* or ufe too much Diligence, to difcover who a« of
•* that Opinion ; that They may be ftriaiy looked
^^ unto, am) r^^^ned ftwf^ doing that which They

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ tSc. a^f

^ take themfelres obliged to do. That the Covenswi
*^ is not dead, as was alleged^ but (till retains gtcat
^ Vigour ; was ftiU the Idol to which die Prejlyierians
^ facrificed : And that there muft and would always
^^ be a general Jealoufy of all thofe who had taken it,
^^ untill They had declared that ,it did not bind them \
^* eipecially of the Clergy, who had (o often enlarged
^in their Pulpits, how abfolutely and indifpenfably
^ all Men were obliged to profecute the End of it,
^ which is to deftroy the Church, whatever Danger
•*it brings the King's Perfon to. And theretore
** They of all Men ought to be glad of this Oppor^
** tunity, that was ofiered, to vindicate their Loyalty
^^ and Obedience ; and if They were not ready to do
** fo, They were not fit to be truftcd with the Charge
•* and Care of the Souls o£ the King's Subjefts."

An D in Truth there were not any more importUi- TheLcnbeoa-
natc for the enjoining this Declaration, .thaff'many-^^Jjj;^.^
who had taken the Covenant. Many who had neve.n
taken it, and had always detefted it, and paid foundly
for being known to do fo, were yet very forry that it
was inferted at this Time and in this Place ; for They
forefaw it would make Divifions, and keep up the
feveral Factions, which would have been much weak-
ened, and in a (hort Time brought to Nothing, if
the Prejbyterians had been feparated from the reft, who
did perfedly hate! and were as perfectly hated by ^1
the reft. But fmce it was brought upon the Stage,
and it had been the Subje£b of fo much Debate, They
believed the Houfe of Lords could not now refiife to
concur with the Commons, without undergoing fotne
Reproach and Scandal of not having an ill Opinion
r56)enough of the Cwenani -, of which as They were in no
Degree guilty, fo They thought it to be of mifchie-
vous Confeauence to be fufpefted to be fo. And
therefore, after They had expunged fome other Parts
of that Subfcription which had been annexed to it, and
mended fome other Exprefllons in other Places, which
might rather irritate than compofe thofe Humours

which

^9^ The Continuation of the Life of

TbeCmmm which already boiled too much. They returned the
^^^f Bill to the Houfe of Commons ; which fubmitted to
aU that They had done : And fo it was prefented to
^HeXingcw- the King, who could not well refufe his Royal Affent,
^^^^^^* nov did in his own Judgment or Inclination diflike
what was offered to him.

By this All of Uniformity there was an End put to
jtll the Liberty and Licenfe, which had been pra£tifed
in all Churches from the Time of his Majefty's Return,
and by his Declaration that He had emitrcd afterwards.
The Common Prayer muft now be conftantly read in
all Churches, and no other Form admitted : And
what Clergyman foever did not fully conform to what-
Ibever was contained in that Book, or enjoined by the
^£1 of Umformily^ by or before St. Bartholomew-Day^
which was about three Months after the Aft was
publifhed ; He was ipfo failo deprived of his Benefice,
or any other fpiritual Promotion of which He ftood
poffeiled, and the Patron was to prefent another in
his Place, as if He were dead : So that it was not
in the King's Power to give any Difpenfation to any
Man, that could prcferve hiip againft the Penalty in
the Jiil of Uniformity.

This Aft was no fooner publiflied (for I am willing

to continue this Relation to the Execution of it, be-

caufe there were fome intervening Accidents that were

not underftood), than all the Prefbyterian Minifters

cxpreffed their Difapprobation of it with all the PalTion

vit Pr9#;f#* imaginable. They complained "that the King had

t^n^-' violated his Promife made to them in his Declara-

ittKif^'s »« tion from Breda^^ which was urged with great Un-

J^"^J|^^, ingenuity, and without any Shadow of Right ; for

«^ . his Majefty had thereby referred the whole Settlement

of all Things relating to Religion, to the Wiftlom of

Parliament \ and declared, " in the mean Time that

" Nobody fhould be punifhed or queftioned, for con-

•* tinuing the Exercife of hi^ Religion in the Way He

^' had been accuftomed to in the late Conftifions.'*

• Awl bjs Majefty had conpii»w4 this Jii^ujgence by hi3

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 297

Declaration after his Return, and thereby fully com-
plied with his Promife from Breda •, which He fhould
indeed have violated, if He had now refufed to con*
cur In the Settlement the Parliament had agreed upon,
being in Truth no lefs obliged to concur with the
Parliament in the Settlement that the Parliament
ihould propofe to him» than He was not to caufe any .
Man to be punifhed for not obeying the former Laws,
till a new Settlement (hould be made. But how evi-
dent foever this Truth is. They would not acknow-
ledge it ; but armed their Profelytes with confident
Aflertions, and unnatural Interpretations of the Words
in the King's Declaradon, as if the King were bound
to grant Liberty of Conscience, whatever the Parlia-
ment fhould or ihould not defire, that is, to l^ave all
Men to live according to their own Humours and Ap-
petites, let what Laws foever be made to the contrary.
They declared " that They could not with a good
*' Confclence either fubfcribe the one or fhe other Dc*
*' claration : They could not fay that They did aflcnt
" or confent in the firft, nor declare in the fecond that
*' there remained no Obligation from the Covenant ;
^* and therefore that They were all refolved to quit
" their Livings, and to depend upon Providence for
" their Subfiftcnce."

There cannot be a better Evidence of the general ^-^"^
Affeftion of the Kingdom, than that this Aft of Par-f^^^
liament had fo concurrent an Approbation of the
two Houfes of Parliament, after a Suppreflion of that
17) Form of Devotion for near twenty Years, and the
higheft Difcountcnance and Oppreflion of all thofc
who were known to be devoted or affefted to it.
And from the Time of the King's Return, when it
was lawful to ufe it, though it was not enjoined, Per-
fons of all Conditions flocked to thofe Churches where
it was ufed. And it was by very many fober Men be-
lieved, that if the Prejbyterians and the other Faftions
in Religion had been only permitted to exercife their
ew» Ways, without ^ny Countenance from the Court ;

the

^gH 1%^ Cantmuatiatt (f the L^e rf

dse Heart of all the FaAions againft the Church would
have been broken, before the Parliament did io fully
declare itiel£

. .And there cannot be a greater Mani&ftation of the
Diftcniper and Licenfe of the Time, that the J?pc-
lufkai^MM fumption of thofe Prelb]rterian Minifters, in the op-
I//£'5!^ pofmg and contnKiifting an ASi of Parliament ; when
im^t iift»/- there was fcafe a Man in that Number, who had
*"• not been fo great a Promoter of the Rebellion, or

contributed fo much to it, that They had no other
Title to their Lives but by the King's Mercy ; and there
were very few amongft them, who had not come into
the Pbffcflion of the Churches They now held, by
the ExpulTion of the Orthodox Minifters who were
lawfully pofleflfed of them, and who beinff by their
Imprifonment, Poverty, and other Kinds of Oppreflion
and Contempt during fo many Years, departed this
Uf^, the Ufurpers remained undifturbed in their Liv-
ings, and thought it now the higheft Tyranny to be
removed from them, though for oflrnding the Law,
and Dilbbedience to the Government. That thofc
Men ihould give themfelves an Aft of Oblivion of aH
their Tranfgrefllons and Wickednefs, and take upon
them again to pretend a Liberty of Confcience againft
the Government, which They had once overthrown
upon - their Pretences ; was fuch an Impudence, as
could not have fallen into the Hearts even of thofe
Men from the Stock of their own Malice, without
fome great Defeft in the Government, and Encourage-
ment or Countenance from the higheft Powers. The
King's too gracious Difpdition and Eafinefs of Accefs,
as hath been faid before, had from the Beginning
railed their Hopes and difpelled their Fears ; whilft
his Majcfty promifed himfclf a great Harveft in their
Converfion, by his Gcntlcnefs and Affability. And
They infinuated themfelves by a Profeflion, "that
** it was more the Regard of his Service, than- any
♦*Obftinacy in themfelves, which kept them from
♦* Conformity to what the Law had enjoined ; that

^^Tbcy

EdWABJD E^l ^ CtAR£NX>OK> t!fc. 499

^ They mighc ftiU prefenre their Credit with their
^^Fariflikmers» and by I^grees bring them to a per-
*^fca Obedience:" Wbcfcas incJced all the Corrop-
tion was in the Clergy ; and where z- prudent and
Orthodox Man was in the Pii]^» the People very
wiUin^y beard the Ce^mmii Prityer.

Noji did this Confidence leave themy after the][^f^*»
Mfling Mdipybbfliing iKitMcfUmfwmty: Bi« ih€^^^
JLmJm MinUkers, who had the Goremment o( tbofe
in the Country, preyaikd with the General {who
without any viokat IncUnatioQs of his own was al-
ways ready for his Wife's Sake) to bring them to the
King, who always receired them with too much Cle-
mency, and difinificd them with too much Hope.
They lamented ^the Sadnefs ef their Condition^
^^ whkh ( after having done fo much Service to his
^^ Majefty, and been ib gracioufly promifed by him
^ his Protedion) muft now be expofed to all Mifery
** and Famine.'* They told him " what a vaft Num-
^^ b^ of Churches" (&ve Times more than was true)
^ would become voifd by this Aft» which would not
^ piave for his Service; and that They much feared,
^ the People would not continue as quiet and peace-
^d^le as They had been under their Overfight.**
They ufed all the Arguments They thought might
work upon him : And He ieemed to be the more
ij8>movtd» becaufe He knew that it was not in his Power
to he^ them. He told them, ^' He had great Coo
^ mffion for them ; and was heartily ibrry that the
«« Farlianient had been fb ievere towards them, which
♦* He would remit, if it were in his Power-, and thcre-
•* fere that They fhould advife with their Friends,
^and that if They found that it would be in his
♦* Pbwcr to give them any Eafe, They fhould find
*' him inclined to gratify them in whatfoevcr They
^^defircd:** Which gracious Exprcffions raifed their
Spirits as hig^ as ever ; and They reported to their
Friends much more than in Truth the King had faid
toth^m (which was no new Artifice with them), and

advifcd

30O The Continuation of the Life of

advifed their Friends in all Parts " to be firm to their
** Principles/* and aflured them, "that the Rigour
*^of the A6t of Parliament fhould not be prefled
** againft them."

1 T qinnot be denied, that the King was too irrc-
iblute, and apt to be fhaken in thofe Counfels which
with the greateft Deliberation He had concluded, by
too eafily permitting or at leaft not reftraining any
Men who waited upon him, or were prefent with him
in his Recefies, to examine and cenfure what was re-
folved; an Infirmity that brought him many Troubles,
and expofed his Minifters to Ruin : Though in his
Nature, Judgment and Inclinations He (fid deteft the
Prejbyterians \ and by the Experience He had of their
Faculties, Pride and Infolence in Scotlandj had brought
from thence fuch an Abhorrence of them, that for
their Sakes He thought better of any of the other
FadUons. Nor had He any Kindnefs for any Pcrfon
whom He fufpefted to adhere to them : For the
I^rd Lautberdale took all Pains to be thought no
Prejbyterian ; and pleafed himfelf better with no Hu-
mour, than laughing at that People, and telling ri-
diculous Stories of their Folly and foul Corruptions.
Yet the King, from the Opinion He had of their
great Power to do him Good or Harm, which was
oftentimes unflcilfully infmuated to him hf Men who
He knew were not of their Party, but were really de-
ceived themfelves by a wrong Computation and Efti-
mate of their Intereft, was not willing to be thought
an Enemy to them. And there were too many bold
Speakers about the Court too often admitted into his
Prefence, who being without any Senfe of Religion,
thought all rather ought to be permitted, than to un-
dergo any Trouble and Difturbance on the Behalf of
any one.

Th e continued Addrefs and Importunity of thefe
Minifters, as St, Bartholomew's Day approached nearer,
more difquieted the King. They enlarged with many
Words " on the great Joy- that They and all their

*' Friends

EowARD Earl of ClarenCon, &c. 301

^^ Friends had received, from the Cbtnpailion his

«' Majefty fo gracioufly had expreffcd on their Behalf,

** which They would never forget, or forfeit by any

**undutiful Carriage." They confeffed "that They

^^ found, upon Conference with their Friends who

** wiihed them well, and upon Perufal of the A£t of

** Parliament, that it was not in his Majefly's Power

" to give them fo much Protedtion againft the Penalty

** of the A£t of Parliament, as They had hoped, and

^* as his great Goodnefs was inclined to give them.

^^ But that it would be an unfpeakable Comfort to

••them, if his Majefty*s Grace towards them were fo

" manifefted, that the People might difcern that this

** extreme Rigour was not grateful to him, but that

*' He could be well content if it were for fome Time

** fuipended; and therefore They were humble Suitors

** to him, that He would by his Letters to the Bifhops,

** or by a Proclamation, or an A6t of Council, or any

** other Way his Majcfty fhould think fit, publifh his

** Defire that the Execution of the Alt of Uniformity ^

•^ as to all but the Reading of the Liturgy^ which

** They would conform to, might be fufpended for

if9)" three Months; and that He would take it well

" from the Bifhops or any of the Patrons, who would

** fo far comply with his Defire, as not to take any

** Advantage of thofe Claufes in the Statute, which

** gave them Authority to prefent as in a Vacancy.

*' They doubted not there would be many, who would

" willingly fubmit to his Majefty's Plcafure : But

*' whatever the Effeft fhould be. They would pay the

*' lame humble Acknowledgements to his Majefly, as

** if it had produced all that They defired/"

Whether his Majefty thought it would do them
no Good, and therefore that it was no Matter if He
granted it 5 or that He thought it no Prejudice to
the Church, if the Ad were fufpended for three
Months ; or that He was willing to redeem himfelf
from the prefent Importunity ( an Infirmity He was
too often guilty of ) : True it is, He did make them

apofi-

302 Thi Continuation tf the Lift of

ThiKh^ t pofirivc Premife, ** that He would do yfhnt They
^gj^ " defircd •," widi which They were abundantly fiitisfi.
jLmam of ed, and renewed their Encouragement to their Fiiends
ticAa. 44 JO perfevere to the End.** And diis Promife was
ibkmnly giv«n to them in the Prcfcnce of the Gene-
T9lj who was to folicit the King's Difpacch, dtet his
Pleafure might be known in due Time. It w«8 now
the long Vacation, and few of the Council were then
in Town^ or of the Bifhops, with whom his Majefty
too late thought it neceflSiry to conifer, that ftieh an
Inftnimtnt might be prepared as was fit for tlie Afiair.
Hereupon the King told the Chancellor (who was not
thought Friend enough to the Prejhyterians to be iboner
communicated with } all that had palfed, what the
Minifters had delired, and what He had pronufed ;
and bade him "to think of the bcft Way of do-
ling it.**

Th6 Chancellor was oneof thofe, who wouU have
been glad that the Aft had not been clogged with
many of thofe Claufes, which He forefaw might pro-
duce feme Inconveniences ; but when it was pafled.
He thought it abfolutely neceffary to fee Obedience
paid to it without any Contrivance : And therefore,
as He had always diffuaded the King from giving fo
much Countenance to thofe Applications, which He
always knew publilhcd more to be faid than in Truth
was ever fpoken, and was the more troubled for this
Progrefs They had made with die King; He told
his Majcfty, " that it was not in his Power to pre-
** ferve thofe Men, who did not fubmit to do idl that
** was to be done by the Ad, from Deprivadon."
He gave many Reafons which occurred, why " fuch
** a Declaration as was defircd would prove ineflfeftual
^* to the End for which it was defircd, and what In-
** conveniences would refult from attempting \i^
His Majefty alleged many Reafons for the doing it,
. which He had received from thofe who dcfiied it,
and feemed forry that they were no better •, howcrcr
concluded, "that He had engaged bis Word, and

"that

EdwauD Earl of thAKtHi^on, &r. ^03

^ that He 'iroiild peifotm mktet He had )>romifed ;**
and requked him act to oppofe it. The Chancellor
bad always been vety tender of his Hotiour ; and ad«>
infed him *^ to be very wary in making any P^omiie,
^but when He had made it, to perform it though
^ to his Uiadvantage :** And it was no new Thing
10 him, to be reproached for oppofing the refolving
to do fttch or foch a Thixig, and then to be reproach-
ed again for piirfuing the Refoludon.

The King was at Hampten-Courty and fent for the

Arcfabtfliop of CaiUirbury^ the Biihops of Linden and

of WimcbifttTy to attend him, with the Chief Jultice

Bfidgmsm^ and the Attorney General : There were

likew]& the Chancellor, the General, the Duke of

Ormsndy and the Secretaries. His Majelly acquainted

them wich ^^ the Importunities ufed by the London

** Miniftcrs, and the Reafons They had oflfered why

" a fwther Time (hotrid be given to them to confider

** of what was fo new to them ; and what Anfwer

i6«)**He had given to them; and how They had re-

**iiew©d their Importunity with a Defire of fuch a

^^ Declailation from him as is mentioned before, in

** which He thou^t there was no Inconvenience,

" and thci^fore had pnomifcd t?o do it, and called iitmieavwt

« them now together to advife of the beft Way 6^%^^*

" doing it/* The Bifliops were very much troubled,

that tmfe Fellows (houki ftill prefume to give his Ma-

jcfty fo m«ich Vexation, and that They Ihould have

fuch Atceft to him. They gave fudi Arguments

ag»nit the doing what was defired, as could not be

anfwered ; and for themfelves. They defired " to'be

**e3c<:ufed i&t not conniving in any Degree at the

** Brea<4i of the AA^ Pariiament, either by not pre*

**4etttiftg a Cleik whe^e ^^»emfHves were Patrols, cf

** defeniog to give Infthucion upon the PrcfentatioA

**iOf others: And "Aat his Majefty*s giving fiich a

** Decferatwn cm* Recommendation would be the great-

"^ eft Wound to the Church, and to the Government

*^ thereof, that it could receive."

The

304 The Continuation of the Life of

The Chancellor, who did really believe thatth^
King and his Service would fuffer more by the Breach
of his Word and Promife, than either could do from
. doing the Thing defired, confeffed " that He believed
*' it would do them Utde Good, which would not be
^^ imputed to his Majefty, when He had done all He
•' could do i and that it would be a greater Confbr-
**mity, if the Miniftcrs generally performed what
** They offered to do, in reading all the Service of
^* the Church, than had been thefe many Years j and
** that once having done what was known to be fo
^^ contrary to their Inclinations, would be an Engage-
**ment upon them in a (hort Time, to comply widi
** the reft of their Obligations : And therefore,** He
faid, " He (hould not difluade his Majefty from do-
** ing what He had promifed \* which indeed He l^^d
good Reafon to think He was refolvcd to do, what-
ever He was advifed to the contrary. The King de-
manded the Judgment of the Lawyers, " whether He
" could legally difpenTe with the Obfervation of the
ButfirJt it " A(St for three Months ; who anfwered, ** that not-
7i^j!* " withftanding any Thing He could do in their Fa-*
** vour, the Patrons might prefent their Clerk as if
*' the Incumbents were dead, upon their Not-perform-
**ance of what They were enjoined.'* Upon the
whole Matter the King was converted ; and widi
great Bitternefs againft that People in general, and
againft the particular Perfons whom He had always
received too gracioufly, concluded that He would not
do what was defired, and that the Connivance (hould
not be given to any of them.

Th e Biftiops departed full of Satisfadion with the
King's Refolution, and as unfatisfied with their Friend
the Chancellor's Inclination to gratify that People,
not knowing the Engagement that was upon Wm.
And this Jealoufy produced a greater Coldnefs from
fome of them towards him, and a greater Refenunent
from him, who thought He had defcrved better from
their Fundtion and their Perfons, than was in a long

Time,

EoA^ARb Erfr/ 2/^ Clarendon, G?r. 305

Time, if ever, pcrfeftly reconciled. Yet He never
declined in the ieaft Degree his Zeal for the Govern-
ment of the Church, or the Intereft of thofe Perfons ;
nor thought They could be blamed for their Severity T&^wf
againft thofe Minifters, who were fureiy tiie proudell fJ^T^

Malefadors, and the moft incapable of being gently i
treated, of any Men living. For if any of the Biftiops *fi^*
ufed them kindly, and endeavoured to perfuade them
to Conformity, They reported '' that They had been
*' carefled and flattered by the Bifl>ops, and offered
** great Preferments, which They had bravely refufed
*' to accept for the Prefervation of a good Con-
" fcience : And in Reports of this Kind, few of
them ever obferved any Rules of Ingenuity or Sin-
cerity.
161) When They faw that They were to expeft and7Sgr«
undergo the worft. They agreed upon a Method to JSU^'^^Vi
be obferved by them in the leaving and parting with/i«P«^
their Pulpits: And the laft Sunday They were to
preach, They endeavoured to infufe Murmur, Jea-
loufy and Sedition into the Hearts of their feveral Au-
ditories •, and to prepare them " to expeft and bear
** with Patience and Courage all the Perfecutiohs .
** which were like to follow, now the Light of the
** Gofpel was fo near being extinguifhed." And all
thofe Sermons They called their Farewel Sermons,
and caufed to be printed together, with every one
of the Preachers Pidures before their Sermons ;
which in Truth contained all the Vanity and Often-
tation with Reference to themfelves, and all the In-
Hnuations to Mutiny and Rebellion, that could be
warily couched in Words which could not be brought
within Penalty of Law, thpugh their Meaning was
well underftood.

Wh e n the Time was expired, better Men were
put into their Churches, though with much mur-
muring of Ibme of their Parifhes for a Time, in-
creafed by their loud Clamour, " that They had been
" betrayed by the King's Promife that They fhould

VoL Ik X ** have

3o6 5n&^ Continuation of the Life of '

**have three Months longer Time:" Which drew
the like Clamour upon them by thofe, who had
hearkened to their Advice in continuing their Obfti-
nacy in Confidence of a Difpenfation ; whereas other-
wife They would have conformed, as very many of
their Party did. And many of the other who were
. cozened by them, and fo loft the Livings They had,
made all the Hafte They could to make themfelves
tapabler of getting others, by as full Subfcriptions
amd Conformity as the All of Uniformity required.
j^hmthmtfiAnd. the greateft of them, after fome Time, and
^Awtwt- ^^gj. xhey found that the private Bounty and Dona-
•^^■^ tives, which at firft flowed in upon them in Cora-
pafliort of their Sufferings and to keep up their
Courages, every Day began to flacken, and would in
the End expire, fubfcribed to thofe very Declarations,
which They had urged as the greateft Motives to their
Nonconformity. And the Number was very fmall, and
of very weak and inconfiderable Men, that continued
^fradlory, and received no Charge in the Church:
Though it may without Breach of Charity be be-
lieved, that many who did fubfcribe had the fam^
Malignity to the Church, and to the Government of
it; and it may be did more Harm, than if They had
continued in their Inconformity.
CrmtMrno- Th E long Time fpent in Both Houfes upon the
jitia in Par- AH of Uniformity had made the Progrefs of all other
^'^^publick Bufinefs much the flower; or rather, the
Multitude of private Bills which depended there (and
with which former Parliaments had been very rarely
troubled), and the Bitternefs and Animofities which
arofe from thence, exceedingly difquielicd and difcom-
pofed the Houfc ; every Man being fo much concerned
for the Intereft of his Friends or Allies, that He was
more folicitous for the Difpatch of thofe, than of
any which related to the King and the Publick, which
He knew would by a general Concurrence be all
paflTed before the SelTion fhould be made ; whereas if
the other fhould be deferred, the Selfion would quickly

fol-

Edward Earl of Clarendon, C?r. 307

follow (which the King by frequent Meflages defired
to haften, having received News already of the Queen's
having been at Sea many Days), and the Benefit of
thofe Pretences would be loft, and with greater Diffi-
culty be recovered in a fucceeding Seffion. Then a$
thofe private Bills were for the particular Benefit and
Advantage of fome Perfon^, which engaged all their
Friends to be very felicitous for their Difpatch ; fi>
for the moft Part they were to the Lofs and Damage
of other Perfons, who likiewife called in Aid of all
their Friends to prevent th* Houfes Confent : And by
this Means fo many Fadions were kindled in Both
Houfes, between thofe who drove on the Intereft of
r6i) their own or of their Relations, who mutually looked
upon one another as Enemies, and againft thofe who
for Juftice and the Dignity of Parliament would have
rejedted all or moft of the Addreffes of that Kind ;
that in moft Debates which related to neither, the
Cuftom of Contradiftion, and the Averfion to Per-
fons, very much difturbed and prolonged all DiC-
patch.

1 T cannot be denied, that after a civil War of Co
many Years, profecuted with that Height of Malice
and Revenge, fo many Houfes plundered and fo many
burned, in which the Evidences of many Eftates were
totally deftroyed, and as many by the unfkilful Pro-
vidence of others, who in Order to preferve them had
buried their Writings fo unwarily under Ground, that
they were taken up fo defaced or rotted, that they
could not be pleaded in any Court of Juftice ; many
who had followed the King in the War, and fo made
themfelves liable to thofe Penalties which the Parlia-
ment had prepared for them and fubjefted them to,
had made many feigned Conveyances, with fuch Li-
mitations and fo abfolutely ( that no Truft might be
difcovered by thole who had Power to avoid it ) that
they were indeed too abfolute to be avoided by them-
felves, and their Eftates become fo much out of their
own Difpofal, that They could neither apply them to

X 2 the

308 Tbe Continuation of the Life tf

the Payment of their juft Debts, or to the ProvilTort
for their Children-: I fay, there were many fueh
Cafes, which could be no other Way provided for
but by an Aft of Parliament, and to which an AA of
ParHan>ent without too much Severity and Rigour
could not be denied. And againfl any of thofe there
^appeared none or very little Oppofition to be made.

But the Example and Precedent of fuch drew with
them a World of unreafonablc Pretences ; and They,
who were not in a Condition to receive Relief fn any
Court of Jufticc, thought They had a Ground to ap-
peal to Parliament They who had been compelled,
for raifing the Money Tney were forced to pay for
their Delinquency, to fell Land, and could not fell
it but at a very low Value ( for it was one Species of
the Oppreflion of that Time, that when a powerful
Man had an Afpe6t upon the Land of any Man who
was to compound, and fo in View like to fell it, no
other Man would offer any Money for it, fo that
He was fure at laft to have it upon his own Price);
now all that monftrous Power was vanilhed, They
who had made thofe unthrifty Bargains and Sales,
though with all the Formalities of Law, by Fines
and Recoveries and the like (which is all the Secu-
rity that can be given upon a Purchafe), efpecially if
the Purchafer was of an ill Name, came with all
imaginable Confidence to the Parliament, to have
their Land reftored to them. Every Man had raifcd
an Equity in his own Imagination, that He thought
ought to prevail againft any Defcent, Teftament or
Aft of Law ; and that whatever any Man had been
brought to do, which common Reafon would make
manifeft that He would never have done if He could
have chofen, was Argument fufficient of fuch a Force,
and ought to find Relief in Parliament, from the un-
bounded Equity They were Matters of and could dif-
penfe, whatever Formalities of Law had preceded or
accompanied the Tranfaftion. And whoever oppofed
thofe extravagant Notions, which fomctimes deprived

Men

Edward £^/ (2/'CLARENDpN,€sfr, 309

Men of the Benefit of the A£t of Oblivion^ was thought
to be without Juftice, or which to them was worfc,
10 be without any Kindnefs to the King's Party. And
without Queftion, upon thofe Motives or others as
unreafonable, many Afts w^re pafled of very ill Ex-
ample, and which many Men were fcandalized at in
the prefent, and Pofterity will more cenfure hereafter,
when Infants who were then unborn (hall find them-
felves difinherited of thofe Eftates, which their An-
i63)Ceftors had carefully provided (hould dcfcend to them ;
upon which Irregularities the King made Reflexion
when He made the Seffion.

But notwithftanding all thefe Incongruides, zxidLTUPdrUa-
the Indifpofitions which attended them. They per-^^!JJJJJ*
formed all thofe Refpefts towards the King, which x>»or/«««r4r
He did or could expect from them-, there being '^^"^'
fcarce a Man, who oppofed the granting any Thing
that was propofed for the Benefit of his Majefty, or
the Greatnefs of the Crown : And though fome of
the Particulars mentioned before did fonietimes inter-
vene, to hinder and defer the prefent Refolutions and
Conclufions in thofe Counfcls, the Refolutions and
Conclufions in a ftiort Time after fucceeded according
to the King's Wifli. The Miliua and many other
Regalities were declared and fettled according to the
original Senfe of the Law, and the Authority of the
Crown vindicated to the Height it had been at upon
the Heads of the greateft Kings who had eVer reigned
in the Nation. Monies were raifed by feveral Bills,
fufficient as They conceived to have paid all the
Debts the King or the Kingdom owed ; for in their
Computations They comprehended the Debts that
were owing before his Majefty's Return, and for
which the publick Faith had been engaged : And if
as much had been paid as They conceived They had
given, probably it might have been enough to have
difcharged all thofe. They fettled a conftant Re-
venue upon the Crown, which according to the Efli-
mate They made would amount to the yearly Revenue

X 3 of

310 • The Continuation of the Life of

of twelve hundred thoufand Pounds, a Proportion
double to what it was in the Reign of Queen Eliza-
letby and it may be of any King preceding ; and de-
clared " that if it did not amount to that full Value,
*' They would fupply it at another Meeting/* And
though it hath not in Truth amounted to that Sum
in his Majefty*s Receipts, the Parliament hath imputed
it rather to ill Managery, and letting Farms at too
eafy Rates, than to an Error in their Computation.
For the prefent, it was looked upon by the King and
by his Minifters as anfwerable to his Expeftation.
And fo, upon Notice of the Queen's being upon the
Coaft, ' and afterwards of her Arrival at Portfmoutby
the King appointed the Houfes to prefent all their
Bills to him upon the nineteenth of May for his Royal
Aflent, it being few Days above a Year from the
Time of their being firft convened.

When the King came to the Parliament, and
They had prefented the great Number of BiUs which
They had prepared, and after He had given his
Royal Aflent to moft of them, his Majefty told them,
Srf^^L " ^^^^ ^^ thought there had been very few Seflions
?K«^/. " of Parliament, in which there had been fo many
"Bills, as He had pafled that Day: He was cbn-
*'fident, never fo many private Bills, which He
** hoped They would not draw into Example. It
** was true," He faid, " the late ill Times had driven
" Men into great Streights, and might have obliged
^* them to make Conveyances colourably, to avoid
** Inconveniences, and yet not afterwards to be avoid-
" ed ; and Men had gotten Eftates by new and greater
^* Frauds than had been heretofore praftifed ; and
*' therefore in this Conjunfture extraordinary Reme-
** dies might be neceflary, which had induced him to
.** comply with their Advice in pafling'thofe Bills;
^* but He prayed them that this fhould be rarely done
*' hereafter : That the good old Rules of the Law
" are the beft Security •," and He wiflied " that Men
*' might not have too much Caufe to fear, that the

"Set-

Edward, Eari of Clarendon, Qf^* jjj

*' Setdements which They make of their Ettates fhall
*' be too cafily unfettled, when They arc dead, by the
*' Power of ParliamenL*'

H E faid, '* They had too much obliged him, not
*' only in the Matter of thofe Bills which concerned
**his Revenue, but in the Manner of pafling them,
*' with fo great Affe(9:ion and Kindnefs, that He knew
164)" not how to thank them enough. He did aflure
** them, and prayed them to aflure their Friends in
*' the Country, that He would apply all that They
*' had given to him, to the utmoft Improvement of
*' the Peace and Happinefs of the Kingdom ; and
*' that He would, with the beft Advice and good
**Hu(bandry He could, bring his own Expenfos
*' within a narrower Compafs." And He faid, ** now
*' He was Ipeaking to them of his own good Huf-
" bandry. He muft tell them, that would not be
** enough ; He could not but obferve, tJiat the whole
*' Nation feenied to him a little corrupted in their
*' Excefs of Living. All Men fpend much more in
*' their Cloaths, in their Diet, in all their Expenfes,
*' than They had ufed to do. He hoped it had only
** been the Excefs of Joy after fo long SuiFcrings,
** that had tranfported him and them to thofe other
" Excefles ; but," He defired them, " that They
*' might all take Heed that the Continuance of them
*' did not indeed corrupt their Natures. He did be-
** lieve that He had been that Way very faulty him-
*' felf : He promifed that He would reform, and that
** if They would join with him in their feveral Ca-
*' pacities, They would by their Examples do more
*^Good both in City and Country, than any" new
*' Laws would do." He faid many other good Things
that pleafed them, and no Doubt He intended all He
faid ; but the Ways and Expedients towards good
Hufbandry were no where purfued.

The Chancellor, by the King's Command, ^n- Th rbanca-
iarged upon "the general Murmurs upon the Ex- '^^'^ '%^**
*' penfe, and that it fhould fo much exceed all for-

"mer

312 7X^ Continuation of the Life of

" mcr Times/* He put them in Mind, " how the
•* Crown had been ufed fince thofe Times, how the
** King had found it at his blefled Return : That as
•• foon as He came hither, befides the infinite Sums
**that He forgave. He gave more Money to the
•* People than He had fince received from them" ( He
meant I fuppofe the Releafe of all the Rents, Debts
and Receipts which were due to him ) ; " that at leaft
** two Parts of three that They had fince given him
" had iflued for the difbanding of Armies never r^ed
•* by him, and for Payment of Fleets never fcnt out
" by him, and of Debts never incurred by him."
He put them in Mind "of the vaft Difparity between
**thc former Times and thefe in which They now
•* lived, and confequently of the Difpropoition in the
** Expenfe the Crown was now at, for the FrotcdHon
** and Benefit of the Subjcfts, to what it formeriy un-
** derwent. How great a Difference there was in the
** prefent Greatnefs and Power of the two Crowns,
** and what they had been then pofiefled of, was evident
** to all Men , and if the Greatnels and Power of the
** Crown of England (hould not be in Ibme Proportion
•* improved too, it might be liable ro Inconveniencics
** it ^x)uld not undergo alone. How our Neighbours
** and our Rivals, who court one and the fame Miftrcfs,
** Trade and Commerce, with ail the World, are ad-
**vanccd in Shipping, Power, and an imnKxierate
**Defire ro engrofs the whole Traffkk of the Uni-
** verle, was notorious enough ; and that this unruly
^^^ Appetite would not be reftrained or disappointed,
** nor the Trade of the Nation be fuf^>orted and main-
** t£ncvi> with the lame Fleets and Forces which had
** been maiRtained in the happy Times of Queen £?-
*^ c,r •tf/r. He needed not fycak. of the naral Power
*^ of the Tzris^ who mftead of fculking atrosd in
** iX)or £ngle Ships as Tfcey were wont ro do» dcsH-
** neer now on ihe Ocean in fbocg Fleets, make naTil
** FightSs and hiJ b::oughr Kxne CSrifLOtr to a better
** Ccireffcncen^:^, a:^i incihcr KriJ cf Cozxnscite

"and

Edward £jr/ ^ Clarendon, &c. 313

•* and Traffick with them, than was expeftcd" ( for
at that Time the Dutch had made a low and difho-
nourable Peace with the Pirates of Algiers and Tunis):
*' Infomuch as They apprehended no Enemy upon the
" Sea, but what They find in the King ot England^s
65)** Ships, which had indeed brought no fmall Damage
** upon them, with no fmall Charge to the King, but
•* a great Reputation to the Nation.**

** H E did aflure them, that the Charge the Crown
** was then at, by Sea and Land, for the Peace and
•' Security and Wealth and Honour of the Nation,
•' amounted to no lefs than eight hundred thoufand
** Pounds in the Year; all which did not coft the
** Crown before the late Troubles fourfcore thoufand
"Pounds the Year: And therefore that Nobody
" could blame them for any Supply They had given,
" or Addition They had made to the Revenue of the
** Crown." He toldthem, " that the new Acquifitions
*' of Dunkirkj Mardike^ Tangier^ Jamaica^ and Bom-
*' baynCj ought to be looked upon as Jewels of an
** immenfe Magnitude in the Royal Diadem ; and
** though they were of prefent Expenfe, they were
** like in a fhort Time, with God's BlefTing, to bring
" vaft Advantages to the Trade, Navigation, Wealtli
** and Honour of the King and Kingdom. His Ma-
*' jefly had enough expreflfed his Defire to live in a
** perfed Peace and Amity with all his Neighbours ;
*' nor was it an ill Ingredient towards the Firmr.efs
** and Stability of that Peace and Amity which his
" Royal Anceftors had held with them, that He hath
** fome Advantages in Cafe of a War, which They
" were without.** The fame Day the Parliament was tu TvU-
prorogued to the eighteenth Day of February fol-J|JI^
lowing.

I T was about the End of May^ when the Queen
came to Hampton-Court. The Ezrl c£ Sandwich, after
He had reduced thofe of Algiers and Tunis to good
Conditions, went to Tangier, which was to be deliver-
ed to him before He was to go to Lijbon for the Re-
ception

gi4|. The Continuation of the Life of

niE0ri0f caption of the Queen : And delivered to him it was,
^^MRm ^^^^8^ ^y ^^ Accident that might have caufcd it to
^Tangicrrbe delivered into another Hand. There was never
the leaft Doubt, but that the Queen Regent did re-
folve rcligioufly to perform all the Conditions on the
Part of Portugal 'y and the Government was yet in her
Hands. But the King growing towards his Majority,
and of a Nature not like to comply long with his Mo-
ther's Advice ; Faftions began likewife to grow in
that Court. The Delivery of Tangier^ and into the
Hands of Hcreticks, was much murmured at ; as like
more to irritate the Pope, who did already carry him-
felf towards them very unlike a common Father, not-
withftanding the powerful Inter'pofition of France^
which, upon the Peace lately made between the two
Crowns, was already ceafed : So that They now ap-
prehended, that this new Provocation would give
fome Ex^cufe to the Court of Rome^ to comply more
feverely with the Importunities from Spain^ which
likewife upon this Occafion They were fure would be
renewed with all poflible Inftance. And though the
Queen had lately (ent a Governour to Tangier^ whom
She therefore made Choice of, as a Man devoted to
her, and who would obey her Commands. in the De-
livery of this Place j yet it is certain, He went thither
with a contrary Refolution.
'^^ly V E X y few Days after the Earl of Sandwich came
thither, the Governour marched out with all the Horfe
and above Half the Foot of the Garrifon into the
Country, and fell into an Ambufli of the Moors^ who
being much more numerous cut off the whole Party:
And lb the Governour with fo many of the chief Of-
ficers and Soldiers being killed, the Town was left fo
weak, that if the Moors had purfued their Advantage
with fuch Numbers as They might, and did intend
within few Days to bring with them. They would
have been able to have made little Rcfiftance. And
the Earl of Sandwich coming happily thither in that
Conjunfture, it was delivered into his Hands, who

con-

Edward E^r/ ^/^ Clarendon, &c. 315

) convoyed the Remainder of the Garrifon into Portugal^
where They were like to be ftoned by the People ;
and then, having put a good Garrifon of Horfe and
Foot which were fent from England into it. He de-
livered, it up to the Earl of Peterborough^ who had a
Commiffion from the King to be Governour thereof;
and himfelf with the Fleet failed to Lifbon^ where
He had been long expefted, and found his Houfe
and Equipage ready. He being then to apf)ear in the
Quality of Extraordinary Ambaffadour to demand the
Queen.

His Arrival there happened likewife in a vcrfHecmaf
happy Conjundure ; for the Spanift) Army, ftronger^j^^^
than it had been before, was upon its March to be-i<«^««.
fiege a Seaport Town, which lay fo near Lijbon^ that
being in the Enemies Hands it would very much have
infefted their whole Trade, and was not ftrong enough
long to have refitted fo powerful an Enemy. But
upon the Fame of the Englijh Fleet's Arrival, the
Spaniard gave over that Defign, and retired : Since as
it was impoffible that They fhould be able to take
that Place, which the Fleet was fo ready to relieve ;
fo They knew not but that the Englijh might make a
Defcent into their own Quarters, which kept them
from engaging before any other Town. But the
Alarum the March of that Army had given had fo
much difturbed Portugal, which never keep their
whole Forces on Foot, but draw them together upon
fuch emergent Occafions ; that They were compelled
to make Ufe of moft of that Money, which They
faid had been laid up and fhould be kept for the Pay-
ment of the Queen's Portion, which was to be tranf- -
ported with her into England.

Whereupon, after the Ambaffadour had been re-
ceived with all poffible Demonftration of Refpeft and
publick Joy, and had had his folemn Audience from
the King and from the Queen Regent and the Queen
his Miftrefs ; and fome Englijh Gentlemen of Quality,
who were fent by the King, were admitted to thofe

Places

3i6 ^he Continuation of the Life of

Places of Attendance about the Queen, to which his

Majefly had affigned them : The Queen Mother with

92r Porto- infinite Apologies told the Ambafladour, '*that the

2^'^'*^**Streights and Poverty of the Kingdom were io

%«»•* p«r. *< great upon the late Advance of the Spanijb Army,

**• *' that there could at this prefent be only i>aid one

** Half of the Queen's Portion, and that the other

** Half (hould intallibly be paid within a Year, with

** which She hoped the King her Brother would be

** fatisfied -, and that for the better doing it. She re-

*'folved to fend back the fame Ambafladour, who

*' had brought fo good a Work with God*s Bleffing

*'to fo good an End, with her Daughter to the

"King."

The Earl of Sandwich was much perplexed, nor
did eafily refolve what He was to do. His Inftruc-
tions were to receive the whole Portion, which He
knew the King expedted, and which They were not
able to pay. He had already received Tangier^ and
left a ftrong Garrifon in it, and had neither Autho-
rity to reftore it, nor wherewithal to carry back the
Men. And at laft, after He had ufed all the Means
to have the Whole paid, and was fo fully informed,
that He did in Truth believe that They could do no
more. He refolved that He would receive the Queen
aboard the Fleet, That which They were ready to
deliver for Half the Portion, was not in Money, but
to be made up by Jewels, Sugar and other Commo-
dities, which fhould not be overvalued. The Am-
bafladour was contented to give his Receipt for the
feveral Species of the Money They would deliver,
leaving the Value to be computed in England ; but
cxprefsly refufed to accept the Jewels, Sugar and
Merchandifes at any Rates or Prices •, but was con-
tented to receive them on Board the Ships, and to
deliver them in Specie at London to any Pcrfon who
ihould be appointed by them to receive them, who
Ihould be obliged to pay the Money they werc(»^'
valued ar, and to make up the whole Sum that fhculd

be

Edwai^d Earl ^Clarendon, 6fr. 317

be paid to the King for the Moiety. In Conclufion,
all Things were delivered on Board the Ships ; and
Diego SilvaSy a Jew of great Wealth and full Credit at
jim/ierdamy was fent with it, and obliged to make
even the Account with the King's Minifters at London^
and to pay what (hould remain due. And a new
Obligation was entered into by the Crown of Portugal^
for the Payment of the other Moiety within the Space
of a Year. And the Queen with all her Court and
Retinue were embarked on Board the Fleet; and
without any ill Accidents her Majefty arrived fafely
at PortfTnoutb: And having refted only three or fourT^^iwi
Days there, to recover the Indifpofition contrafted in y^J*
fo long a Voyage at Sea, her Majefty together with
the King came to Hampton-Court at the Time men-
tioned before, the twenty ninth of May^ the King's
Birthday, full two Years after his Majcfty*s Return
and entering London.

However the publick Joy of the Kingdom yffzs Eititmmn
very manifeft upon this Conjunftion, yet in a fl^ort^^^JJJ
Time there appeared not that Serenity in the Court /^«»yrMi
that was expefted. They who had formerly endea-*^^^
voured to prevent it, ufed ever after all the ill Arts
They could to make it difagreeable, and to alienate
the King's AfFeftion from the Queen to fuch a De-
gree, that it might never be in her Power to prevail
with him to their Difad vantage ; an EfFeft They had
Reafon to exped from any notable Intereft She might
gain in his AfFeftions, fince She could not be unin-
formed by the Ambaffadour of the Diflervice They
had formerly endeavoured to do her.

There was a Lady of Youth and Beauty, with Smte chcmt^
whom the King had lived in great and notorious Fa-^^^J^
miliarity from the Time of his Coming into England^ wrdsaMif^
and who, at the Time of the Queen's Coming or aJ^^'jfS^
little before, had been delivered of a Son whom the
King owned. And as that Amour had been gene-
rally taken Notice of, to the leflening of the good
Reputation the King had with the People j lb it un-
derwent

The Continuation of the Life of

derwent the lefs Reproach from the King's being
young, vigorous, and in his full Strength ; and upon
a full Prefumption that when He fhould be married.
He would contain himfelf within the ftrift Bounds of
Virtue and Confcience, And that his Majefly him-
felf had that firm Refolution, there want not nunjr
Arguments, as well from the excellent Temper and
Juftice of his own Nature, as from the Profcflions
He had made with fome Solemnity to Perlbns who
were believed to have much Credit, and who had not
failed to do their Duty, in putting him in Mind "of
^' the infinite Obligations He had to God Almighty,
•' and that He expeded another Kind of Return from
^ him, in the Purity of Mind and Integrity of Life :"
Of which his Majefty was pioufly fenfible, albeit there
was all poiTible P^ns taken by that Company which
were admitted to his Hours of Pleafure, to divert and
corrupt all thofe Impreflions and Principles, which
his own Confcience and reverent Efteem of Providence
did (uggeft to him ; turning all Difcourfe and Men-
tion of Religion into Ridicule, as if it were only an
Invention of Divines to impofe upon Men of Parts,
and to reftrain them from the Liberty and Ufc of
thofe Faculties which God and Nature had given
them, that They might be fubjeft to their Reproofs
and Determinations •, which Kind of Licenfe was not
grateful to the King, and therefore warily and acci-
dentally ufed by thofe who had pleafant Wit, and in
whofe Company He took too much Delight,

The Queen had Beauty and Wit enough to make
herfelf very agreeable to him ; and it is very certain,
that at their firft Meeting and for fome Time after
the King had very good Satisfaftion in her, and with-
out Doubt made very good Refolutions within him-
felf, and promifed himfelf a happy and an innocent
Life in her Company, without any fuch Uxorioufncfs,(i6S]
as might draw the Reputation upon him of being
governed by his Wife, of which He had obfcrved or
been too largely informed of fome inconvenient EfitAs

in

EdVard EW g^ Clarendon, &c. 31^

in the Fortune of feme of his neareft Friends, and
had long protefted againft fuch a Refignation ; though
They who knew him well, did not think him fo much
foperiour td fuch a Condefcenfion, but that if the
Queen had had that Craft and Addrefs and Dexterity
that fome former Queens had. She might have pre-
vailed as far by Degrees as They had done. But the
Truth is, though She was of Years enough to have
had more Experience of the World, and of as much
Wit as could be wiflied, and of a Humour very agree-
able at fome Seafons ; yet She had been bred, accord-
ing to the Modie and Difcipline of her Country, in A
Monaftery, where She had only feen the Women who
attended her, and converted with the Religious who
refided there, and without Doubt in her Inclinations
was enough difpofed to have been one of that Num--
bcr. And from this Reftraint She was called out to
be a great Queen, and to a free Converfation in a
Court that was to be upon the Matter new formed,
and reduced from the Manners of a licentious Age
to the old Rules and Limits which had been obferved
in better Times ; and to which regular and decent
Conformity the prefent Difpofition of Men or Women
was not enough inclined to fubmit, nor the King
enough difpofed to exaft.

There was a numerous Family of Men and Wo-
men that were fent from Portugal^ the moft impropci"
to promote that Conformity in the Queen that was
neceffary for her Condition and future Happinefs,
that could be chofen : The Women for the moft Part
old and ugly and proud, incapable of any Converfa-
tion with Perfons of Quality and a liberal Education.
And They defired, and indeed had confpired fo far to
poifefs the Queen themfelves, that She (hould neither
karn the Englijh Language, nor ufe their Habit, nor
depart from the Manners and Faftiions of her own
Country in any Particulars ; " which Refolution,**
They told her, " would be for the Dignity of Portu-
^^galy and would quickly induce the Engli/b Ladies

to

320 The Continuation of the Life df

*^ to conform to her Majefty's Praitice :** And this
Imagination had made that Imprcflion, that the Tay-
lor who had been fent into Portugal to make her
Cloaths, could never be admitted to fee her to receive
any Employment. Nor when She came to Portfmoutb^
and found there feveral Ladies of Honour and prime
Quality to attend her in the Places to which They
were affigned by the King, did She receive any of
them, till the King himfelf came ; nor then with any
Grace, or the Liberty that belonged to their Places
and Offices. She could not be perfuaded to be drefled
out of the Wardrobe that the King had fent to her,
but would wear the Cloaths which She had brought,
until She found that the King was difpleafed, and
would be obeyed : Whereupon She conformed againft
the Advice of her Women, who continued their Opi-
niatrety, without any one of them receding from
their own Mode, which expofed them the more to
Reproach.

When the Queen came to Hampton-Court^ She
brought with her a formed Refolution, that She
would never fufFer the Lady who was fo much fpoken
of to be in her Prefence : And afterwards to thofc
She would truft She faid, " her Mother had enjoined
**her fo to do." On the other Hand, the King
thought that He had fo well prepared her to give her
a civil Reception, that within a Day or two after her
Majefty's being there, himfelf led her into her Cham-
ber, and prefented her to the Queen, who received
her with the fame Grace as She had done the reft;
there being many Lords and other Ladies at the famc(i*
Time there. But whether her Majefty in the Inftant
knew who She was, or upon Recolledlion found it
afterwards. She was no fooner fate in her Chair, but
her Colour changed, and Tears guftied out of her
Eyes, and her Nofe bled, and She fainted ; fo that
She was forthwith removed into another Room, and
all the Company retired out of that where She was
before. And this falling out fo notorioufly when fo

many

Edward Earl of Clarendon/ &c. 321

many Perfons were prefent, the King looked upon it
with wonderful Indignation, and as an Earned of
Defiance for the Dccifion of the Supremacy and who
fhould govern, upon which Point He was the moll
jealous and the moft refolute of any Man ; and the
Anfwer He received from the Queen, which kept up
the Obftinacy, difpleafed him more. Now the Breach
of the Conditions grew Matter of Reproach ; the Pay-
ment of but Half the Portion was objeftcd to the
AmbalTadour, who would have'' been very glad that
the Quarrel had been upon no other Point. He
knew not what to fay or do ; the King being offended
with him for having faid fo much in Portugal to pro-
voke the Queen, and not inftruAing her enough to
make her unconcerned in what had been before her
Time, and in which She could not reafonably be con-
cerned; and the Queen with more Indignation re-
proaching him with the Charafter He had given of
the King, of his Virtue and good Nature : Whilft
the poor Man, not able to endure the Tempeft of fb
much Injuftice from Both, thought it beft to fatisfy
Both by dying -, and from the extreme Affliftion of
Mind which He underwent. He fuftained fuch a Fever
as brought him to the Brink of his Grave, till fome
Grace from Both their Majefties contributed much to
the Recovery of his Spirits.

I N the mean Time the King forbore her Majefty's
Company, and fought Eafe and Refrefliment in that
jolly Company, to which in the Evenings He grew
every Day more indulgent, and in which there were
fbme, who defired rather to inflame than pacify his
Difcontent. And They found an Expedient to vin-
dicate his Royal Jurifdidlion, and to make it manifeft
to the World, that He would not be governed ;
which could never without much Artifice have got
Entrance into his Princely Bread, which always en-
tertained the moft tender Affeftions 5 nor was ever
any Man*$ Nature more remote from Thoughts of
Roughnefs or Hardheartednefs. They magnified the

VoLU; Y Tern.

522 The Continuation of tie Life of

Temper and Conftitution of his Grandfather, who in-
deed to all other Purpofes was a glorious Example :
^^ That when He was enamoured, and found a Return
^ anfwerable to his Merit, He did not diflemble his
•* Paffion, nor fufiered it to be Matter of Reproach
*'to the Perfons whom He loved; but made all
^others pay them that Refped which He thought
** them worthy of; brought them to the Court, and
*^ obliged his own Wife the Queen to treat them with
•* Grace and Favour ; gave them the higheft Tides
•* of Honoin*, to draw Reverence and Application to
^^them from all the Court and all the Kingdom;
•* railed the Children He had by them to the Repu-
** tation, Sute and Degree of Princes of the Blood,
•* and conferred Fortunes and Offices upon them ac-
•*cordingly. That his Majefly, who inherited the
** fame Paflions, was without the Gratitude and noble
^^ Inclination to make Returns proportionable to the
<* Obligations He received. That He had, by the
•* Charms of his Perfon and of his Profeflions, prc-
•• vailed upon the AfFeftions and Heart of a young
, ^* and beautiful Lady of a noble Extra&ion, whofc
'• Father had loft his Life in the Service of the Crown.
** That She had provoked the Jealoufy and Rage of
" her Hufband to that Degree, that He had feparated
" himfelf from her : And now the Queen's Indigna-
•* tion had made the Matter fo notorious to the World,
** that the difconfolate Lady had no Place of Retreat(i7o
** left, but muft be made an Objeft of Infamy and
•'Contempt to all her Sex, and to the whole
« World/'

Those Difcourfcs, together with a little Bode
newly printed at Parisy according to the Licenfe of
that Nation, of the Amours of Henry IV. which was
by them prcfented lb him, and too concernedly read
by him, made that Impreflion upon his Mind, that
He refolvcd to raife the Quality and Degree of that
Lady, who was married to a private Gentleman of a
competent Fortune, that had not the Ambition to

be

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 323

be a better Man than He was born. And that He
might do fb» He made her Hufband an Earl of Ire^
land^ who knew too well the Confidcration that He
paid for it, and abhorred the Brand of fuch a ^Nobi-
lity, and did not in a long Time affume the Title.
The Lady thus qualified was now made fit for higher
Preferment : And the King refolved, for the Vindi-
cation of her Honour and Innocence, that She fhould
be admitted of the Bedchamber of the Queen, as the
only Means to convince the World, that all Afper-
jQons upon her had been without Ground. The King
ufed all the Ways He could, by treating the Que?n
with all Careiles, to diipofe her t;o gratify him in this
Particular, as a Matter in which his Honour was con-
cerned and engaged ; and protefted unto her, whidi
at that Time He did intend to obferve, " that He
*^ had not had the leaft Familiarity with her fmce her
** Majefly's Arrival, nor would ever after be guilty
** of it again, but would live always with her Majefty
♦* jn aU Fidelity for Confcicnce Sake." The Queen
who was naturally more tranlported with Choler than
her Countenance declared her to be, had not the
Temper to entertain him with thofe Difcourfes^ which
jthc Vivacity of her Wit could very plentifully have
A^;gefted to her ; but brake out into a Torrent of

.JK^e, which increafed the former Prejudice, confirm-
ed the King in the Refolution He had taken, gave ill
Pec^ more Credit to mention her difrefpciflbfuliy,
And. more increafed his Averfion from her Company,
md which was worfe, his Delight in thofe, who. meant

, ttiat He (hould neither love his Wife or his Bufinefs,

..^ any Thing but their Converfation.

These domeftick Indifpofitions and Diftempers,

^ upd the Impreffion they made of feveral Kinds upcjn

! iiie King's Spirit and his Humour, exceedingly dif-

,,f50|i>ppfed the Minds of the graved and moft fcrious
Men; gave the People generally Occafion of fpeak-
ing loudly, and with a Licenfe that the Magiftrates

klftrtjw not how to punilh, for the Publication of the

Y 2 Scandal;

324 ^^^ Cmtinuation of the Life of ^

Scandal : And the wifeft Men defpaired of finding
Remedies to apply to the Diflblutenefs and Debauchery
of the Time, which vifibly increafed. No Man ap-
peared to fuffer or likely to fufFer more than the
Chancellor, againft whom though no particular Per-

• fon owned a Malignity, the Congregation of the witty
Men for the Evening Convcrfation were enough united
agarnft his Intereft ; and thought his Influence upon
the Kings Aftions and Counfels would be too much
augmented, if the Queen came to have any Power,
who had a very good Opinion of him : And it is very
probable, that even that Apprehenfion increafed the
Combination againft his Majefty.

The Lady had Reafon to hate him mortally, well
knowing that there had been an inviolable Friendlhip
between her Father and him to his Death, which hsA
been hotorious to all Men -, and that He was an im-
placable Enemy to the Power and Intereft She had
with the King, and had ufed all the Endeavours He
• could to deftroy it. Yet neither She nor any of the
other adventured to fpeak ill of him to the King,
who at that Time would not have borne it ; except
for Wit*s Sake They fometimes refleded upon fome-
what He had faid, or afted fome of his Poftures and
Manner of fpeaking (the Skill in Mimickry being thc(i7i]
beft Faculty in Wit many of them had ) -, which Li-
cenfe They praftifed often towards the King himfclf,
and therefore his Majefty thought it to be more free
from Malice. But by thefe Liberties, which at firft
only raifed Laughter, They by Degrees got the Hardi-

• nefs to cenfure both the Perfons, Counfels and Adions,
of thofe who were neareft his Majefty's Truft, with
the higheft Malice and Prefumption ; and too often
fufpended or totally difappointed fome Reiblutions,

• which had been taken upon very mature Deliberation,
and which ought to have been purl'ued. But (as hath
been faid before) this Prefumption had not yet come
to this Length.

Thi

Edward Eari of Clarendon, &c. 325

The King imparted the Trouble and Unquietnefs
of his Mind to Nobody with equal Freedom, as He
did to the Chancellor: To him He complained of
all the Queen*s Perverfenefs and ill Humours, ani
informed him of all that paflTejd between them, and
obliaed him to confer and advife the Queen, who.
He knew, looked upon him as a Man devoted to her
Service, and that He would fpeak very confidently to
her whatfoever He thought ; and therefore gave him
Leave to take Notice to her of any Thing He had
told him. It was too delicate a Province for fo plain- t^ ritfw*/.
dealing a Man as He was to undertake : And yet ^^^/^
He knew not how to refufe it, nor indeed did defpair '^> *&>/-
totally of being able to do fome Good, fince the"^'
Queen was not yet more acquainted with any Mao
than with him, jior fpake fo much with any Man a§
with him -, and He believed, that He might hereby
have Opportunity to fpeak fometimes to the King of
fome Particulars with more Freedom, than otherwife
He could well do, at leaft more effeftually.

He had never heard before of the Honour the
King had done that Lady, nor of the Purpofe He
had to make her of his Wife's Bedchamber. He
fpake with great Boldnefs to bim upon Both ; and did
not believe that the firft was proceeded in beyond
Revocation, becaufe it had not come to the Great
Seal, and gave him many Arguments againd: it,
which He ftiought of Weight. But upon the other
Point He took more Liberty, and fpake "of the
*' Hardheartednefs and Cruelty in laying fuch a Com-
** mand upon the Queen, which Flefh and Blood
f* could not comply with." He put him in Mind of
what He heard his Majefty himfelf fay, upon the like
Excefs which a neighbour King had lately ufed,
in making his Miftrefs to live in the Court, and in
the Prefence of the Queen : That his Majefty had
then faid, " thai it was fuch a Piece of Illnature^ thai
^* He could never be guilty of\ and if ever tie fhould be
^guilty of having a Miftrefs after He had a Wife^ which

326 7& Omtinuatitm of the Life rf

•* He hoped lie Jbould never he^ She fiamld wever came
** where bis Wife was : He would never mdi that to the
•♦ Vexation^ of which She would have enough 'xithamt itj^
And yet He told him, " that fuch Fnendfbips wrre
^ not new in that other Court, nor icandalous in that
^^ Kingdom ; whereas in this it was fo unheard of
•* and fo odious, that a Woman who proftitutcd hcr-
** fclf to the King was equally infamous to all Wo-
** men of Honour, and muft expcft the fame Con-
** tempt from them, as if She were common to Man-
** kind : And that no Enemy He had could advife
** him a more fure Way to lofe the Hearts and Affcc-
•* tions of the People, of which He was now fb
•• abundantly pofTefled, than the indulging to himfelf
** that Liberty, now it had pleafed God to pvc him
•* a Wife worthy of him. That the Exccfs He had
♦* already ufed in that and other Ways had loft him
** fome Ground j but that the Continuance in them
** would break the Hearts of all his Friends, and be
** only grateful to thofe who wifhed the Dcfbuftion
•* of Monarchy :" And concluded with ** afking his
" Pardon for fpcaking fo plainly," and befought his
Majefty to remember " the wonderful Things? which(i:»
*' God had done for him, and for which He cxpeftcd
V other Returns than He had yet received/*

The King heard him with Patience enough, yet
with thofe little Interruptions which were natural to
him, efpecially to that Part where He had levelled
the MiftreflTes of Kings and Princes with other lewd
Women, at which He exprelTcd fome Indignation,
being an Argument often debated before him by thofe,
who would nave them looked upon above any other
Mens Wives. He did not appear difpleafed with the
Liberty He had taken, but faid, " He knew it pro-
" ceeded from the Affeftion He had for him ;'* and
then proceeded upon the feveral Parts of what He
had faid, more volubly than He ufed tp do, as upon
Points in which He was convcrfant, and had heard
well debated.

To

Edwarb Earl of Clarendon, &€. ^iy

^ To the firft. He began with the Story of an Ac-
cident that had fallen out the Day before ; He faid>
'' the Lady had then told him, that She did hope that
*' the Chancellor was not fo much her Enemy ^ as He woi
^^ generally reported to be^ for She was jure Ht was not
^^ guilty ofene Difcourtefy of which He had been accufei
** to hery and therefore might be as innocent in others ;
*' and then told his Majefty, that the Dtry before^ the
** Earl of Briftor (who was never without fome Rea-
(bn to engage himfelf in fijch Intrigues, and had been
a principal Promoter of all thofe late Refolutions)
*' came to her^ and ajked her tvhether the Patent was not
*^yet pajfed ; She anfwered^ No ; He ajked if She kneix)
** the Reafon^ winch She feeming not to doy He told her
*' that He came in Confidence to tell her, and that if She
** did not quickly curb and overrule fuch Prefumption, She
** would often meet it to her Prejudice -, then told her a
** long Relation^ how the Patent had been carried to the
*' Chancellor prepared for the Seal^ and that He according
** to his Cujlom had fupercilioufly jaid^ that He would firjl
^^jpeak with the King of it^ and that in the mean Time
** // jbould not pajs ; and that if She did not make the
** King veryfenjible of this his Infolence^ his Majejiy jhould
*' never be Judge of his own Bounty. And then the .
*'Lady laughed, and made (harp Reflexions upon
*'the Principles of the Earl of BrijiDr (who had
throughout his Life tlie rare good Fortune of being
exceedingly beloved and exceedingly hated by the
fame Perfons, in the Space of one Month •, and now
finding that there was a Stop of the Patent, made a
very natural Guefs where it muft be, and gratified his
own Appetite in the Conclufion), " and pulled the
•' Warrant out of her Pocket, where^ She faid, it had
^* remained everjince it was ftgned^ and She believed the
** Chancellor had never heard of it : She was jure there
** was no Patent prepared^ and therefore H£ could not
^^jiop it at the Seal:'

The Truth is : Though according to the Cuftoni
She had aifumed the Title as foon as She had the

War-

328 ^e Continuation of the Life of

Warrant, that the other Pretence might be profecuted,
She made not Hafte to pafs the Patent, left her Huf-
band might ftop it -, and after long Deliberation was
not fo confident of the Chancellor, as to tranfmit it
to the Seal that was in his Cuftody, but, the Honour
being Irijb^ fent it into that Kingdom to pafs the
Great Seal there, where She was fure it could meet no
Interruption.

When the King had made this Relation, and add-
ed fome fharp Remarks upon the Earl of Briftol^ as a
Man very particularly known and iinderftood by him ;
He faid, " that He had undone this Lady, and ruined
*^ her Reputation, which had been fair and untainted
*' till her Friendlhip for him ; and that He was
*' obliged in Confcience and Honour to repair her to
** the utmoft of his Power. That He would always
*'avow to have a great Friendlhip for her, which
** He owed as well to the Memory of her Father as
** to her own Perfon ; and that He would look upon(i7jj
*' it as the higheft Difrefpeft to him, in any Body
" who fliould treat her otherwife than was due to her
^* own Birth, and the Dignity to which He had railed
*' her. That He liked her Company and Converfa-
•* tion, from which He would not be reftrained, be-
•' caufe He knew there was and Ihould be all Inno-
*' ccnce in it : And that his Wife Ihoyld never have
*' Caufe to complain that He brake his Vows to her,
*'if She would live towards him as a good Wife
*' ought to do, in rendering herfelf grateful and ac-
*' ceptable to him, which it was in her Power to do ;
" but if She would continue uneafy to him. He could
** not anfwer for himfelf, that He Ihould not endea-
** vour to feek Content in other Company. That He
*' had proceeded fo far in the Bufinefs that concerned
** the Lady, and was fo deeply engaged in it, that
•'She would not only be expofed to all imaginable
** Contempt, if it fucceeded not •, but his own Ho*
♦* nour would fuffer fo much, that He Ihould become
♦* ridiculous to the World, and be thought too in

" Pupilage

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 329

** Pupilage under a Governour ; and therefore He
** would expeft and exadt a Conformity from his
*' Wife herein, which fliould be the only hard Thing
**He would ever require from, her, and -which She
*^ herfelf might make very eafy, for the Lady would
•* behave hcrlelf with all poflible Duty and Humility
** unto her, which if She fhould fail to do in the
*' leaft Degree, She Ihould never fee the King's Face
" again : And that He would never be engaged to
*' put any other Servant about her, without firft con-
*' fulting with her, and receiving her Confent and
** Approbation. Upon the Whole,*' He faid, "He
** would never recede from any Part of the Refolution
** He had taken and exprefled to him : And therefore
" He required him to ufe all thofe Arguments to the
*' Queen, which were neceflary to induce her to a full
" Compliance with what the King defired/*

The Chancellor addrefled himfelf to the Queen
with as full Liberty and Plainnefs as He had prelum-
ed to ufe to his Majefty, but could not proceed fo
far at a Time, nor hold fo long Conferences at once.
When He firft lamented the Mifintelligence He ob-
ferved to be between their Majefties, and She per-
ceived the King had told him fome Particulars, She
protefted her own Innocence, but with fo much Pafllon
and fuch a Torrent of Tears, that there was Nothing
left for him to do, but to retire, and tell her, " that
"He would wait upon her in a fitter Seafon, and
" when She fhould be more capable of receiving hum-
" ble Advice from her Servants , who wifhed her
" well •," and fo departed.

The next Day He waited upon her again at the
Hour afligned by her, and found her much better
compofed than He had left hef. She vouchfafed to
excufe the PafTion She had been in, and confefTed
" She looked upon him as one of the few Friends She
" had, and from whom She would moft willingly at
" all Times receive Counfel : But that She hoped He
'* would not wonder or blame her, if having greater

" Misfor-

330 5^ Continuation of the Life (f

•* Misfortunes upon her, and being to ftniggle with
•* more Difficulties, than any Woman had ever been
** put to of her Condition, She fometimes gave Vent
^ to that PaOion that was ready to break her Heart."
He told her, " He was defirous indeed to fenre her,
•* of which He would not make great or many Pro-
•* teftations, fmce She could not but believe it, ex-
*• cept She thought him to be a Fool or mad, fincc
•* Nothing could contribute fo much to his Happi-
** nefs, as an eminent Sympathy between the Rmg
*• and her in all Things : And He could not give
** her a greater Evidence of his Devotion, than in
•* always faying that to her which was fit for her to
** hear, though it did not pleafc her •, and He would (174)
** obferve no other Rule towards her, though it (hould
•* render him ungracious to her.**

She feemcd well fatisfied with what He (aid, and
told him " He fhould never be more welcome to
** her, than when He told her of her Faults :** To
which He replied, " that it was the Province He was
**accufed of ufurping with Reference to all his
** Friends/* He told Her, " that He doubted She
**was little beholden to her Education, that had
** given her no better Information of the Follies and
^* Iniquities of Mankind, of which He prefumed the
** Climate from whence She came could have given
** more Inftances, than this cold Region would af-
•* ford ;** though at that Time it was indeed very
hot. He faid, " if her Majefly had been fairly dealt
"with in that Particular, She could never have
*' thought herfelf fo miferable, and her Condition h
•* infupportable as She feemed to think it to be ; the
** Ground of which heavy Complaint He could not
•* comprehend.** Whereupon with fome bluftiing and
Confufion and fome Tears She faid, " She did not
•* think that She fhould have found the King engaged
** in his AfFeftions to another Lady -,** and then was
able to fay no more : Which gave the Chancellor
Opportunity to fay, ** that He knew well, that She

"had

Edward Earl of Clarendon, tSc. jj.*

•* had been very little acquainted with or informed of
** the World •, yet He could not believe that She was
^* fo utterly ignorant, as to expeft that the King her
" Hufband, ki the full Strength and Vigour of his
** Youth, was of fo innocent a Conftitution, as to be
** refervcd for her whom He had never fcen, and to
**have had no Acquaintance or Familiarity with the
*' Sex i'^ and afked, " whether She believed, when
•* it Ihould pleafe God to fend a Queen to Portugal^
•* She (hould find that Court (o full of chafte AfFec
*• tions.** Upon which her Majefty fmiled, and fpake
|>leafantly enough, but as if She thought it did noe
concern her Cafe, and as if the King's Affeftion had
not wandered, but remained fixed.

Upon which the Chancellor replied with fomc
Warmth, "that He came to her with a Mcflage
•' from the King, which if She received as She ought
•* to do and as He hoped She would. She would be
•* the happieft Queen in the World. That whatever
** Corrdpondencies the King had entertained with any
•* other Ladies, before He faw her Majefly, con-
"cerncd not her-, nor ought She to enquire, more
**into them or after them, than into what other
^* Excefles He had ufed in his Youth in France^ Hel--
•* land or Germany. That He had Authority to aflure
•* her, that all former Appetites were expired, and
^* that He dedicated himfelf entirely and without Re-
•*ferve to her-, and that if She met his Affedlion
*' with that Warmth and Spirit and good Humour,
** which She well knew how to exprcfs. She would
*' live a Life of the greateft Delight imaginable.
** That her good Fortune, and all the Joy She could
** have in this World, was in her own Power, and
**that She only drove to drive it from her." She
heard all this with apparent Pleafure, and infinite
Expreflions of her Acknowledgments of the King's
Bounty ; thanked the Chancellor more than enough,
and defired him " to help in returning her Thanks to
f ' his Majefly, and in obtaining his Pardon for any

"Paffion

33^ ^^^ Continuation of the Life of

•* Paflion or PceviQincfs She might have been guilty
*' of, and in afluring him of all future Obedience and
" Duty."

Upon this good Temper He approached to the
other Part of his Meflage, ^' how neceffary it would
*• be that her Majefty ftiould gratify this good Re-
*'folution and Juftice and Tendernefs in the King,
** by meeting it with a proportionable Submiffion and
** Refignation on her Part to whatfoever his Majefty
**Ihould defire of her;" and then infinuated what
would be acceptable with Reference to the Lady.
But this was no fooner mentioned, than it taifed all
die Rage and Fury of Yefterday, with fewer Tcars,(i75)
the Fire appearing in her Eyes, where the Water
was. She laid, " that the King's infilling upon that
*' Particular could proceed from no other Ground but
*' his Hatred of her Perfon, and to expofe her to the
•'Contempt of the World, who would think her
** worthy of fuch an Affront, if She fubmitted to it ;
*' which before She would do, She would put herfclf
** on Board any little Veffel, and fo be tranfportcd to
" Lijbon :*• With many other extravagant Elxpreflions,
which her Paflion fuggefted in Spite of her Under-
ftanding ; and which He interrupted with a very ill
Countenance, and told her " that She had not the
** Difpofal of her own Perfon, nor could go out of
** the Houfe where She was without the King's Leave;'*
and therefore advifed her " not to fpeak any more of
" Portugal^ where there were enough who w^ould wifh
**her to be." He told her, "that He would find
. ** fome fitter Time to fpeak with her, and till then
" only defired that She would make Shew of no fuch
" Paflion to the King ; and that whatever She thought
" fit to deny that the King propofed to her, She fliould
" denv in fuch a Manner, as fliould look rather like a
" Deferring than an utter Refufal, that his Majefty
*' might not be provoked to enter into the fame Paf-
" fion, which would be fuperiour to hers."

Thi

Edward Earl of ClarenboNi Gfr. 333

• The Chancellor made the more Hafte to inform
the King of all that had pafTed, that He might pre-
vail with him to fufpend ,for fome little Time the
profecuting that Argument farther with the Queen.
He gave him an Account of all the good andkind
.Things She had faid with Reference to his Majefly, .
of the Profeffions She had made of all Duty and
Obedience to him throughout the whole Courfe of
her Life ; " that her Unwillingnels to obey him in

** this one Particular proceeded only from the great
*' Paffion of Love which She had for him, that tranl-
** ported her beyond the Limits of her Reafon.*' He
confeffed, " He had not difcourfcd it fo fully with her
**Majefty as He refolved to have done, bccaufe a
**fudden Paflion had fcized upon her, which She
*' muft have fome Time to overrule -," and therefore
He entreated his Majefty " for a Day or two to for-
** bear preffing the Queen in that Matter, till He had
*• once more waited upon her, by which He hoped
*' He might in Ibme Degree difpofe her Majefty to
*' give him Satisfaftion." And though He was in no '
Degree pleafed with the Account, yet the other did
think, that He would for a litde have relpited the
farther Difcourfe of it.

But the King quickly found other Counfellors,
who told him, " that the Thing He contended for
" was not of fo much Importance as the Manner of
*' obtaining it ; that the Contention now was, who
** ihould govern -, and if He fufFered himfelf to be
** difputed with. He muft refolve hereafter to do all.
** Things precarib.^^ And as this Advice was more
fuitable to his prefent Paflion and Purpofe, fo it was
embraced greedily and refolutely. The Fire flamed
that Night higher than ever : The King reproached
the Queen with Stubbornnefs and Want of Duty, and

• She him with Tyranny and Want of Afleftion ; He
uied Threats and Menaces, which He never intended
t(ft put in Execution, and She talked loudly " how ill
[* She was treated, and that She would return again

"to

334 ^^ OmtinuiOion of the Life of

«« to Pmugair He replied, " that She fliould do
** well firft to know whether her Mother would rc-
*' ceive her : And He would give her a fit Opportu-
*' nity to know that, by fending to their Home all
*' her Portuguefe Servants ; and that He would forth-
**with give Order tor the Difcharge of ;hem all,
** fince They behaved themfelves fo ill, for to them
*' and their Counfels He imputed all her Pcrvcrfc-
•*nefs."

The Paflion and Noife of jhe Night reached too(i7<
many Ears to be a Secret the next Day ; and the
whole Court was full of that, which pught to have
been known to Nobody. And the mutual Carriage
and Behaviour between their M^yefties confirmed all
that They had heard or could imagine : They fpakc
not, hardly looked on one another. Every Bcxiy was
glad that They were fo far from the Town (jfbr Thcjr
were ftill at HampUn-CourOj ^nd that there were (o
few Witncffes of all that pafled. The Queen fate
melancholick in her Chamber in Tears, except when
She drove them away by a more violent Paflion in
cholerick Difcourfe : And the King fought his Divcr-
tifements in that Company that faid and did all Things
to pleafe him ; and there He fpent all the Nights,
and in the Morning came to the Queen's Chamber,
for He never flept in any other Place. Nobody knew
how to interpofc, or indeed how to behave themfelves,
the Court being far from one Mind ; with this Dif-
ference, that the young and frolick People of cither
Sex talked loudly all that They thought the King
would like and be pleafed with, whilft the other more
grave and ferious People did in their Souls pity the
Queen, and thought that She was put to bear moie
than her Strength could fuftain.

The Chancellor came not to the Court in two or
three Days ; and when He did come thither. He for-
bore to fee the Queen, till the King fent him again
.to her. His Majefty informed him at large, aod
with more than bis natural Paflipn, of all that bad

pafled i

Edwarp Earl of Clarendon, (Sc. 335

pafied ; and " of the foolifti Extravagancy** ( as He
called it) ** of returning to Portugal -^ and of the poli-
" live Relblution He had taken, and the Orders He
" had g^ven, for the prefcnt fending away all the Per-
^^tuguifa^ to whom He did impute all his Wife's
" Frowardnefi/* He renewed his former Declaration,
"that He would gain his Point, and never depart
"from that Refolution ;•' yet was content to be
Uamed by the Chancellor, for having proceeded with
fo much Chokr and Precipitation, and feemed to think
that He had done better, if He had followed his for-
mer Advice. But then He added, " that befides the
** Uneafinefs and Pain within himfelf, the Thing was
" more ipoken of in all Places, and more to his Dif-
*^ advantage, whilft it was in this Sufpence, than it
" would be when it was once executed ; which would
** put a final End to ail Debates, and all would be for-
" gotten/*

The Chancellor defired his M^efty to believe, ** that

" He would endeavour, by all the Ways He could

"dcvife, to perfuade the Queen to fubmit to his

** Pleafure, becaufe it is his Pleafure ; and that He

"would urge fome Arguments to her, which He

*' could not himfclf anfwer; and therefore He was

" not without Hope that they might prevail. But

**He defired him likcwife to believe, that He had

** much rather fpend his Pains in endeavouring to

" convert his Majefty from purfuing his Refolution,

** which He did in his Confcience believe to be un-

" juft, than in perfuading her Majefty to comply with

**it, which yet He would very ^heartily do." He

defired him " to give him Leave to put him in Mind

** of a Difcourfe his M^efty had held with him many

^ Years ago, upon an Occafion that He had admi-

•*niftered by telling him what his Father, the late

" King, had faid to him : That He had great Reafon

** to acknowledge it due to God's immediate Blefmg, and in

** Truth to bis Infpiration^ that He continued firm in his

** Religion : For though his Father hadalw^tys taken Pains

''him^

336 ^be Continuation of the Life of

" bimfelf to inform and injirull him, yet He bad been fi
.." much deceived hy others that He put about bim when
** He was youngs a Company of the arrantefi Knaves and
*' Puritans'' (they were .his own Words ) '* that could
*' be found in the two Kingdoms ; whereof Hfc named
**two or three, who were Enemies to the Church,(i77
** and ufed to deride all Religion. That when He
"had related this Difcourfe accidentally of his late
** Majefty, the King replied, that if it fbould pleafe
** God ever to give him a Wife and Children^ He would
^^make Choice of fuch People to be about Both in all
** Places of near Trufi^ who in their Natures and Man-
** nersy and if it were poffible in their very HumourSy
*' were fuch as He wifhed his Wife and Children fhould
*' be 5 for He did believe that moft young People (and it
•' may be elder) were upon the Matter formed by thofcy
*' whom ^hey Jaw continually and could not but obferve!*
The King anfwered with fome Quicknefs, ** that He
"remembered the Difcourfe very well, and Ihould
** think of it ; but that the Bufmefs which He had
** commended to him muft be done, and without
"Delay."

When the Chancellor was admitted to the Queen,
He prefumed with all Plainnefs to blame her " for
*' the illimited Paffion with which She had treated
** the King, and thereby provoked him to greater
"Indignation that She could imagine or in Truth
"fuftain;** and begged, "that for her own Sake
** She would decline and fupprefs fuch Diftempers,
*' which could have no other Effeft, than in making
*' the Wound incurable ; which it would do, in a
*' very little Time more, inevitably, and reduce all
" her faithful Servants to an Incapacity of ferving
*' her." She acknowledged with Tears, " that She
** had been in too much Paffion, and faid Ibmewhat
"She ought not to have faid, and for which She
"would willingly a(k the King's Pardon upon her
" Knees ; though his Manner of treating her had
" wonderfully furprifed her, and might be fome Ex-

" " cufc

Edward Earl e)/* Clarendon, (§c. 337

**cufc for more than ordinary Commotion. That
*' She prayed to God to give her Patience, and hoped
**She ihould be no more tranfported with the like
** Paffion upon what Provocation focver."

Then He entreated, " that He might find feme
•♦EfFedt of that her good Refolution, in permitting
** him to enlarge upon the Argument He was obh'ged
** to difcourfe to her 5 and that if He offered any
** humble Advice, it fhouid be fuch as He was moll
** confident would prove for her Benefit, and fuch as
**Hc would himfelf fubmit to if He were in her
" Condition." He told her, " He came not to
** juftify and defend the Propofition that had been
** made to her concerning the Lady, as a juft or a
** reafonable Propofition ; He had not diflemblcd his
"own Opinion as to either, and when He Ihould
*' now infill upon it again, which He muft do, He
"could not but confefs that it was a very hard In-
" junftion, not to be yielded to without fome Reluc-
" tancy :" But He befought her to tell him, " whc-
** thcr She thought it in her Power to divert it; or
" that it was not in the King*s Power to impofe it up-
« on her/'

She anfwered, " She knew it was in her own Power
^* to confent or not to confcnt to it -, and that She
•* could not defpair, but that the King's Juftice and
** Qoodnefs might divert him from the Profecution of
**a Command fo unreafonable in him, and fo dif*
"honourable to her. She would not difpute the
"King^s Power, what it might impofe, being furc
" that She could not refcue herfelf from it : But,'*
She faid, "Nobody knew better than He, whether
" the King was obliged to leave the Choice of her
"own Servants to herfelf; and if it were otherwifc,
" She had been deceived."

He told her, "that She had and would always
" enjoy that Privilege : But that it was always under-
'*ftood in Conditions of that Nature, that as the
*' Hufband would not impofe a Servant, againfl: whom

VoL n. Z "juft

340 ^be Continuation of the Life of

of thofe who made it their Bufinefs to laugh at all the
World, and who were as bold with God Almighty as(i7<
with any of his Creatures. He perfevered in all his
Refolutions without any Remorfe ; direftcd a Day
for all the Portuguefes to be embarked, without afligir-
ing any confiderable Thing of Bounty to any of them,
or vouchfafing to write any Letter to the King or
Queen of Portugal of the Caufe of the Difmiflion of
them. And this Rigour prevailed upon the great
Heart of the Queen, who had not received any Mo^
ney to enable her to be liberal to any of thofe, who
had attended her out of their own Country, and pro-
mifed themfelves Places of great Advantage in her
Family : And She earneftly defired the King, " that
**She might retain fome few of thofe who were
*' known to her, and of mod Ufe, that She might
•' not. be wholly left in the Hands of Strangers ;**
and employed others to make the fame Suit to the
King on her Behalf. Whereupon the Countefs of
Pendhay who had been bred with her from a Child,
and who, by the Infirmity of her Eyes and other
Indifpofition of Health, fcarce ftirred out of her
Chamber, was permitted to remain in the Court:
And fome few inferiour Servants in her Kitchen and
in the loweft Offices, befides thofe who were necefEuy
to her Devotion, were left here. And the reft were
tranfported to Portugal.

•The Officers of the Revenue were required to ufe
all Stridtnefs in the Receipt of that Part of the Por-
tion that was brought over with the Fleet ; and not
to allow any of thofe Demands which were made
upon Computation of the Value of Money, and other
Allowances, upon the Account : And Diego dc Siha^
who was defigned in Portugal without any good Rea-
fon to be the Queen's Tr^furer, and upon that Ei-
peftation had undertaken that troublefome Province
to fee the Money paid in London by what was affigned
to that Purpofe, was committed to Prifon for not
making Hafte enough in the Payment and in find-
ing

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^c. 341

ing the Account; and his Commitment went very
near the Queen, as an Affront done to herfelf. The
Portugal Ambafladour, who was a very honeft Man,
and fo defirous to ferve the King that He had upon
the Matter loft the Queen, was heartbroken-, and
after ^ long Sicknefs, which all Men believed would
have killed him, as foon as He was able to endure
the Air, left Hampton-Court^ and retired to his own
Houfe in the City.

I N all this Time the King purfued his Point ; the
Lady came to the Court, was lodged there, was
every Day in the Queen's Pr^fence, and the King in
continual Conference with her -, whilft the Queen fate
untaken Notice of: And if her Majefty rofe at the
Indignity and retired into Iver Chamber, it may be
one or two attended her, but all the Company re-
mained in the Room She left, and too often faid thofc
Things aloud which Nobody ought to have whifper-
ed. The King (who had in the Beginning of this
Conflift appeared ftill with a Countenance of Trouble
and Sadnefs, which had been manifeft to every Body,
and no Doubt was really afflifted, and fometimes
wilhed that He had not proceeded fo far, until He
was again new chafed with the Reproach of being
governed, which He received with the moft fenfiblc
Indignation, and was commonly provoked with it
moft by thofe who intended moft to govern him) had
now vanquifhed or fuppreffed all thofe Tendernefles
and Reluftancies, and appeared every Day more gay
and pleafant, without any Clouds in his Face, and
full of good Humour ; faving that the clofe Obfer-
vers thought it more feigned and affedted than of a
natural Growth. However to the Queen it appeared
very real, and made her the more fenfible, that She
. alone was left out in all Jollities, and not fuffcred to
have any Part of thofe plealant Applications and Ca-
8o)reffes, which She faw made almoft to every Body
elfe -, an univerfal Mirth in all Company but in hers,
and in all Places but in her Chamber j her own Ser-

Z 3 vants

34^ ^be Continuation of the Life of

vanta fhewing more Refpeft and more Diligence to
the Perfon of die Lady, than towards their own Mif-
trcfs, who They found could do them lefs Good.
The nightly Meeting continued with the fame or more
Licenfe ; and the Difcourfes which palled there, of
what Argument foever, were the Difcourfe of the
whole Court and of the Town the Day following :
Whilft the Queen had the King^s Company thofe few
Hours which remained of the preceding Night, and
which were too little for Sleep.

All thefe Mortifications were too heavy to be
borne : So that at laft, when it was leaft expected or
fufpedled, the Queen on a fudden let herfelf fall firft
to Converfation and then to Familiarity, and even
in the fame Inftant to a Confidence with the Lady ;
v/as merry wi:h her in publick, talked kindly of her,
and in private ufed Nobody more friendly. This Ex-
cefs of Condefcenfion, without any Provocation or In-
vitation, except by Multiplication of Injuries and
Negleft, and after all Friendfhips were renewed, and
Indulgence yielded to new Liberty, did the Queen
lefs Good than her former Refolutenefs had done.
Very many looked upon her with much Compaflion,
commanded the Greatnefs of her Spirit, dctefted the
Barbarity of the Affronts She underwent, and cen-
fured them as loudly as They durft; not without
afluming the Liberty fometimes of infinuating to the
King himfelf, " how much his own Honour fufFered
** in the Negleft and Difrefpeft of her own Servants,
**who ought at leaft in publick to manifcft fome
*'Duty and Reverence towards her Majefty; and
** how much He loft in the general AfFedions of his
•' Subjefts : And that, befides the Difpleafure of God
** Almighty, He could not reafonably hope for Chil-
** dren by the Queen, which was the great if not the
**only Bleffing of which He ftood in Need, whilft
*' her Heart was fo fiill of Grief, and whilft She was
*' continually cxercifed with fuch infupportable Af-
♦' fliftions." And many, who were not wholly un-

converfant

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ©r. 343

converfant with the King, nor Strangers to his Tem-
per and Conftitution, did believe that He grew weary
of the Struggle, and even ready to avoid the Scandal
that was fo notorious, by the Lady's withdrawing
from the Verge of the Court and being no longer fcen
there, how firmly foever the Friendlhip might be efta-
blifhed. But this fudden Downfal and total abandon-
ing her own Greatnefs, ihis low Demeanour and even
Application to a Perfon She had juftly abhorred and
worthily contenwied, made all Men conclude, that it
was a hard Matter to know her, and confequently to
fcrve her. And the King himfelf was fo far from be-
ing reconciled by it, that the Eftecm, which He could
not hitherto but retain in his Heart for her, grew now
much lefs. He concluded that all her former Aver-
fion exprefled in thofe lively Paflions, which feemed
not capable of Diflimulation, was all Fiftion, and
purely afted to the Life by a Nature crafty, perverfc
and inconftant. He congratulated his own illnatured
Perfeverance, by which He had difcovered how He
was to behave himfelf hereafter, and what Remedies
He was to apply to all future Indifpofitions : Nor had
He ever after the fame Value of her Wit, Judgment
and Underftanding, which He had formerly; and was
well enough pleated to obferve, that the Reverence
others had for all three was fomewhat diminilhed.

The Parliament affembled together at the {zmtruTarTia.,
Time in February to which They had been adjourned*^ *^'-
or prorogued, and continued together till the End of
Jufy following. They brought the fame AfFeftion
and Duty with them towards the King, which They
18,) had formerly ; but were much troubled at what They
had heard and what They had obferved of the Divi-
fions in Court. They had the fame Fidelity for the
King's Service, but not the fame Alacrity in it:
The Difpatch was much flower in all Matters de-
pending, than it had ufcd to be. The Truth is ; the
Houfe of Commons was upon the Matter not the
iame : Three Years fittings for it was very near fo

long

344 ^^^ Continuation of the Life of

long fince They had been firft aflemblcd, had con-
fumed very many of their Members ; and in the
Places of thofc who died, great Pains were taken to
have fonie of the King's menial Servants chofcn ; io
that there was a very great Number of Men in all
Stations in the Court, as well below Stairs as above,
who were Members of the Houfe of Commons, And
there were very few of them, who did not think them-
felves qualilied to reform whatfoever was amifs in
Church or Sute, and to procure whatfoever Supply
the King would require.

They, who either out of their own Modcfty, or
in Regard of their diftant Relation to his Service, had
ieldom had Accefs to his Prefencc, never had prc-
fumed to fpeak to him ; now by the Privilege of Par-
liament every Day reforted to him, and had as much
Conference with him as They defired. They, accord-
ing to the Comprehenfion They had of Affairs, rc-
prefented their Advice to him for the conducing his
Affairs ; according to their feveral Obfervations re-
prefented thofe and thofe Men as well affeded to his
Service, and others, much better than They, who
did not pay them fo much Refpeft, to be ill afiefted
and to want Duty for his Majefty. They brought
thofc, who appeared to them to be mod zealous for
his Service, becaufe They profeflcd to be ready to do
any Thing He pleafed to prefcribe, to receive his Ma-
jefty*s Thanks, and from himfelf his immediate Di-
redions how to behave themfelves in the Houfe-,
when the Men were capable of no other InllruAion,
than to follow the Example of fomc difcreet Man in
whatfoever Hq fhould vote, and behave themfelves
accordingly.

To this Time, the King had been content to refer
the Conduft of his Affairs in the Parliament to the
Chancellor and the Treafurer ; who had every Day
Conference with fome feleft Perfons of the Houfe of
^ Commons, who had always ferved die King, and
upon that Account had great Intcrcft in that Aflcm*

blv.

Edward Earl of Clarendon, S?r. 345

bly, and in Regard of the Experience They had and
their good Parts were hearkened to with Reverence.
And with thofc They confulted in what Method to
proceed in difpoling the Houfe, fometimes to propofe
fometimes to confent to what Ihould be moft neceflary
for the Publick ; and by them to aflign Parts to other
Men, whom They found dilpofed and willing to con-
cur in what was to be defired : And all this without
liny Noife, or bringing many together to defign,
which ever was and ever will be ingrateful to Parlia-
ments, and however it may fucceed for a litde Time,
will in the End be attended with Prejudice.

But there were two Perfons now introduced to aft cb»Mam #/
upon that Stage, who difdained to receive Orders, or ^^2^
to have any Method prefcribed to them ; who took «»>^a«-
upon them to judge of other Mens Defefts, and '**'•
thought their own Abilities beyond Exception.

Th £ one was Six Harry Bennett who had procured ^'>H«ify
himfelf to be fent Agent or Envoy into Spatn^ as foon
as the King came from Brujfels ; being a Man very
wdl known to the King, and for his pleafant and .
agreeable Humour acceptable to him : And He re*
maincd there at much Eafe till the King returned to
England, having waited upon his Majefly at Fuentara-
hia in the Clofe of the Treaty betv/cen the two Crowns,
and there appeared by his Dexterity to have gained
good Credit in the Court of Spain^ and partiailarly
iwith Don Lewis de Haro ; and by that Ihort Negotia*
tion He renewed and confirmed the former good Inr
ciinations of his Matter to him; He had been obliged
always to correfpond with the Chancellor, by whom
his Inftruftions had been drawn, and to receive the
King's Preafure by his Signification ; which He had
always done, and profeflfed much Refpeft and Sub-
miflion to him : Though whatever Orders He re-
ceived, and how pofitive foever, in Particulars which
highly concerned the King's Honour and Dignity, ^ .

He obferved them fo far and no farther than his own
Humour difpofcd him j and in fome Cafca flatly dif-

obeyed

34^ Tb^ Continuation of the Life of

obeyed what the King enjoined, and did direftly the
contrary, as in the Cafe of the Jefuit Peter Talbot ;
who having carried himfelf with notorious Infolencc
towards the King in Flanders^ had tranfportcd himfelf
into England^ offered his Service to Cromwell^ and after
his Death was employed by the ruling Powers into
SpaiHy upon his undertaking to procure Orders, by
• which the King fliould not be fufFered longer to re-
fide in Flanders ; of all which his Majefty having re-
ceived full Advertifement, He made Haftc to fend
Orders into Spain to Sir Harry Bennett "that He
** fhould prepare Don Lewis for his Reception by let-
' "ting him know, that though that Jefuit was his
** natural Subjed, He had fo mifbehaved himfelf,
**that He looked upon him as a moft inveterate
*• Enemy and a Traitor ; and therefore his Majefty
"defired, that He might receive no Countenance
*• there, being as He well knew fent by the greateft
"Rebels to do him Prejudice^"

Th I s was received by Sir Harry Bennet before the
Arrival of the Man, who found no Inconvenience by
it ; and inftead of making any Complaint concerning
him. He writ Word, " that Talbot had more Credit
*^ than He in that Court, that He profeffed to have
" great Devotion for the King ; and therefore his Ad-
** vice was, that the King would have a better Opi-
"nion of him, and employ him in his Service:"
And himfelf received him into his full Confidence,
and confulted with no. Man fo much as with him ;
which made all Men believe that He was a Roman
Catholick^ who did believe that He had any Religion.
But He had made his full Excufe and Defence for all
this at the Interview at Fuentarabia^ from whence the
King returned with marvellous Satisfaftion in his Dif-
cretion as well as in his AfFedion. And until, con-
trary to all his Expeftation, He heard of the King's
0 Return into England^ all his Thoughts were employed

how to make Benefit of the Duke of T'^rk^s coming

into.

Edward Earl of Clarendon, G?r. 34^

mtx> Spain to be Admiral of the Gallies ; which He
writ to haften all that might be.

Though He continued his formal Correfpondence
with the Chancellor, which He could not decline;
yet He held a niore fecret Intelligence with Daniel
O Neile of the Bedchamber, with whom He had a
long Friendfhip. As foon as the King arrived in
England^ He trufted 0 Neile to procure any Dircftion
from the Kins; immediately in thofe Particulars which
himfelf adviied. And fo-He obtained the King's
Confent, for his confenting to the old League that
had been made between England znd Spain in the Time
of the late King, and which Spain had expreftly re-
fufed to renew after the Death of that King (which*
was fuddenly proclaimed in Spainy without ever being
confulted in England) j and prefently after Leave to
return into England without any Letter of Revoca-
tion : Both which were procured or rather fignified
by O Neile^ without the Privity of the Chancellor or
of eidier of the Secretaries of State ; nor did either of
them know that He was from Madrid^ till They
heard He was in Paris^ from whence He arrived in
London in a very ftiort Time after. So far the Chan-
cellor was from that powerful Intereft or Influence,
when his Credit was at higheft.
83) But He was very well received by the King, in
whofe AfFeAions He had a very good Place : And
fliortly after his Arrival, though not fo foon as He
thought his high Merit defcrved, his Majefty conferred
the only Place then void (and that had been long
promifed to a noble Perfon, who had behaved him-
felf very well towards his Majefty and his blefled Fa-
ther) upon him, which was the Office of Privy Purfe ;
received him into great Familiarity, t^ into his
nightly Meeting, in which He filled a principal Place
to all Intents and Purpofes. The King very much
defired to have him eledled a Meipber in the Houfc
of Commons, and commanded the Chancellor to ufe
his Credit to obtain it upon the firft Opportunity :

And

348 The Continuatfon of the Life of

And in Obedience to that Command, He did procure
him to be chofen about the Time We are now ipeaking
of, when the Parliament aflembled in February.
o/MJ-.Wii- The other Perfon was Mr. William CoverUry^ rfic
^ <2<>vcn. youngeft Son to a very wife Father, the Lord Coven-
try^ who had been Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of
England for many Years with an univerfal Reputation.
This Gentleman was young whilft the War continued :
Yet He had put himfelf before the End of it into
the Army, and had the Command of a Foot Com-
pany, and Ihortly after travelled into France \ where
. He remained whilft there was any Hope of getting
another Army for the King, or that either of the
other Crowns would engage in his Quarrel. But
when all Thoughts of that were defperate. He re-
turned into England : Where He remained for many
Years without the leaft Correfpondence with any of
his Friends beyond the Seas, and with fo little Repu-
tation of caring much for the King's Reftoration, that
fome of his own Family, who were moft zealous for
his Majefty's Service, and had always fome fignal
Part in any reafonable Defign, took Care of Nothing
more, than that Nothing They did Ihould come to
his Knowledge ; and gave the fame Advice to thofe
about the King, with whom They correlponded, to
ufe the fame Caution. Not that any Body fufpefted
, his being inclined to the Rebels, or to do any Aft to
Treachery ^ but that the Pride and Cenforioufnefs of
his Nature made him unconverfable, and his Defpair
that any Thing could be efFeftually done made him
incompetent to confult the Ways of doing it. Nor
had He any Converfation with any of the King's
Party, nor They with him, till the King was pro-
claimed in London ; and then He came over with the
r£ft to offer his Service to his Majefty at the Hague^
and had the good Fortune to find the Duke of Tcrk
without a Secretary, For though He had a Walloon
that was, in Refpeft of the Languages of which He
v/as Maftcr, fit for that Funftion in the Army, and

had

Edward Earl ^Clarendon, &c. 349

had difcharged it very well for Ibme Years ; yet for
the Province the Duke was now to govern, having
the Office of High Admiral of England^ He was with-
out any fit Perfon to difcharge the Office of Secre-
tary with any tolerable Sufficiency : So that Mn Co^
veniry n6 Iboner offered his Service to the Duke, but
He was received into that Employment, very ho-
nourable under fuch a Mafter, and in idelf of the
greateft Profit next the Secretaries of State, if they in
that Refped be to be preferred.

H E had been well known to the King and Duke
in Francty and had a Brother whom the King loved
well and had promifed to take into his Bedchamber,
as He (hortly after did, Harry Coventry^ who was be-
loved by every Body, which made them glad of the
Preferment of the other -, whilft They who knew the
worft of him, yet knew him able to difcharge that
Office, and fo contributed to the Duke's receivinff
him. He was a fuUen, illnatured, proud Man, whole
Ambition had no Limits, nor could be contained
within any. His Parts were very good, if He had
not thought them better than any other Man's ; and
34) He had Diligence and Induftry, which Men of good
Parts are too often without, which made him quickly
to have at leaft Credit and Power enough with the
Duke; and He was without thofe Vices which were
too much in Requeft, and which make Men moft un- ,
fit for Bufinefs and the Truft that cannot be feparated
from it.

He had fate a Member in' the Houfe of Commons,
from the Beginning of the Parliament, with very
much Reputation of an able Man. He fpake per-
tinently, and was always very acceptable and well
heard ; and was one of thofe with whom They, who
were trufted by the King in conducing his Affairs in
the lower Houfe, confulted very frequently •, but not
fo much, nor relied equally upon his Advice, as upon
fome few others who had much more Experience,
which He thought was of Ufc only to ignorant and

^50 ^>^^ Continuation of the Life of

dull Men, and that Men of Sagacity could fee and
determine at a litde Light, and ought rather to per-
fuade and engage Men to do that which Thcjr judged
fit, than confider what themfelves were inclined to
do: And fo did not think himfelf to be enough
yalued and relied upon, and only to be made Ufc of
to the celebrating the Defigns and Contrivance of
other Men, without being iignal in the Managery,
which He afpired to be. Nor did any Man envy him
the Province, if He could indeed have governed it,
4md that others who had more ufeful Talents would
have been ruled by him- However being a Man
who naturally loved Faftion and Contraduflion, He
often made Experiments how far He could prevail in
the Houfe, by declining the Method that was pre-
fcribed, and propofmg fomewhat to the Houfe that
was either bcfide or contrary to it, and which the
others would not oppofe, believing, in Regard of
his Reladon, that He had received newer Dircdions :
And then if it fucceedcd well ( as fometimes it did).
He had Argument enough to cenfurc and inveigh
againlt the Chancellor, for having taken fo ill Mea-
fares of the Temper and AiFedtions of the Houfe;
for He did not diflemble in his private Converfadon
( though his outward Carriage was very fair ) that He
had no Kindnefs for him, which in Gradtude He
ought to have had ; nor had He any Thing to com-
plain of from him, but that He wifhed well and did
all He could to defend and fupport a very worthy
Pcrfon, who had deferved very well from the King,
againft whom He manifefted a great and caufekfs
Animofity, and defired to opprels for his own Profit,
of which He had an immoderate Appedtc,

When thofc two Perfons, Sir Harry Bennet and
Mr. Coventi-Vy (between whom there had been as great a
League of Friendfhip, as can be between two very proud
Men equally illnatured ) came now to fit together in
the Houfe of Commons -, though the former of them
knew no more of the Conflituuon afod Laws o{ Et^-

land

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 351

land than He did of Cbina^ nor had in Truth a Care
jor Tendernefs for Church or State, but believed
France was the beft Pattern in the World; They
thought They fliould have the grcateft Wrong ima-
ginable, if They did not entirely govern it, and if
the King took his Meafures of what fhould be done
-there from any Body but themfelves. They made
Fricndfhips with fome young Men, who fpake con-
fidently and often, and upon fome Occafions feemed
to have Credit in the Houfe. And upon a little Con-
•verfation with thofe Men, who being, Country Gen-
tlemen of ordinary Condition and mean Fortunes were
defirous to have Intereft in fuch a Perfon as Sir Harry
JBennetj who was believed to have great Credit with
the King ; He believed He underftood the Houfe and
what was to be done .there, as well as any Man in
England.

He recommended thofe Men to the King, **as
** Pcrfons of fublimc Parts, worthy of his Majefty's
J* carefiing : That He would undertake to fix thenl
85 J** to his Service ; and when They were his own, He
^* might carry what He would in the Houfe of Com-
**.mons/* The Men had Parts indeed and good
Affeftions, and often had reforted to the Chancel-
lor, received Advice from him, and thought them-
ielves beholden to him ; being at that Time entirely
•governed by Sir Hugh PoUardy who was himfelf ftill
advifcd by the Chancellor (with whom He had a long
and faft Fricndfhip) how He fliould diredt his Friends,
Jbaying indeed a greater Party in the Houfe of Com-
cions willing to be difpofed of by him, than any Man
that ever late there in my Time. But now thefe Gen-
tlemen had got a better Patron -, the new Courtier had
taijled their Value, and talked in another Dialect to
theoi, of Recompenfes and Rewards, than They had
lieard formerly. He carried them to the King, and
told his Majcfty in their own Hearing, " what Men
^ of Parts They were, what Services They had done
^ for him,, and how much greater They could do :*'
"": And

35^ ^ CGntinualwn ^ ike Lift ^

Acd his Majefiy rccerFcd snd cmiibicd
vcij gracioudy, and difbiifbi tbos vac
which made them rich alreadj.

Th £ two Friends before mcntxMicd atggeed £> veil
between themfclves, that whcicr Tbry ipai^ic aogc-
ther or apart to the King« They iaid ahnrs dac fioic
Things, gave the lame InfbnnaJoo, and Dook Cat
that toth their Mafters might have the iai^ Opbaooi
and Judgments. They magnified the AfSefaons of
the Jioufe of Commons, "which were £> groc aid
^ united, that They would do whatfoevcr Lis Majcftf
** would require. That there were many worthy and
** able Men, of whofe Wifdom the Houlc was i^ wdl
^ perfuaded, that They commonly confentcd to wfaat-
*' focver They propofed : And that thefc Men com-
** plained, that ^hey bad no DireBions givem U tbm
*' which Way They might beft ferue ihe Kxi^ ; Tkfy iaem
•* nof what He deftred^ which "jshen Tbij Jbcmli ip, it
•* would quickly appear how much They were at ibe Ka^s
*^ Difpofalj and all Things which new depended let^wnU
" te hereafter difpatched in Half the Time.**

The King wondered very much, "that his Friends
** in the Houfe were no better informed, of which
*' He had never heard any Complaint before, and
" wifhcd them to fpeak with the Chancellor :"* For
neither of thefc Men were yet arrived at the Confi-
dence to infinuate in the lead Degree any Ill-WiU or
Prejudice to him, though They were not united in
any one Thing more than the Defire of his Ruin, and
the Rcfolution to compafs it by all the ill Arts and
Devices They could ufe ; but till it fhould be more
fcafonable, They diffembled to Both their Matters to
have a high Eueem of him, having not yet Credit
enough with either to do him Harm. 1 hey faid, "They
• ** would very willingly repair to him, and be direded
•' by him : But They defired that his Majefty himfelf
" would firft fpeak to him ( becaufe it would not fo
" well become them ) to call thofe Perfons, whom
" They had recommended to him, to meet together

with

Edward JS^r/ of Clarendon,, t^c. 353

•* with the reft with whom He ufed to advife -, which
•* the Perfons They named They were fure would be
*' very glad of, having all of them a great Eftcem of
•' the Chancellor, and being well known to him," as
indeed They were, and moft of them obliged by
him.

T H 1 King willingly undertook it : And being
Ihortly after attended by the Chancellor, his Majefly
told him all that the other two had faid to him, and
did not forget to let him know the great Good-Will
They had Both profeffed towards him. He afked
him " what He thought of fuch and fuch Men,'* and
particularly named Mr. Clifford and Mr. Churchill^ and
fomc other Men of better Quality and much more
Intereft, " who,*' He faid, " took it ill that They
*' were not particularly informed what the King dc-
86; *« fired, and which Way They might beft ferve himj**
and bade him, " that at the next Meeting of the reft^
** thefc Men might likewife have Notice to be pre-
*• fent, together with Sir Harry Bennet and Mr. IViU
** Uam Coventry •,'* for Harry Coventry ( who was a
much wifer Man than his Brother, and had a much
better Reputation with wife Men ) was conftantly in
thofe Councils.

Th B Chancellor told him, "that great and noto-
*• rious Meetings and Cabals in Parliament had beert
"always odious in Parliament: And though they
" might produce fome Succefs in one or two Par-
** ticulars till they were difcovcred, they had always
" ended unluckily; until they were introduced in the
•* late ill Times by fo great a Combination, that they
** could not receive any Difcountenance. Yet that
** They, who compaflcd all their wicked Defigns by
•* thofe Cabals, were fo jealous that They might be
** overmatched by the like Praftices, that when They
" difcovered any three or four of thofe, who wcrt
" ufed to concur >yith them, to have any private
"Meetings, They accufed them to confpire againft-
** the Parliament. That, when his Majeify returned,

Val.IL Aa • "and

554 ^^ Continuation of the Life of

" and all the World was full of Joy and Delight to
*'ferve him, and Perfons were willing and importu-*
** natc to receive Direftion how They might do it in
^' that Convention ; Care had been taken without any
*'Noife, or bringing any Prejudice upon thofc who
" were willing to be Inftruments towards the pro-
*' curing what was defirable, and to prevent what
•'would be ingrateful, that little Notice might be
•' taken of them> which had good Succefs/'

*' Th A T fince this Parliament the Lord Treafurer
*'and He had, by his Majefty*s Direftion, made
" Choice of fome Perfons eminent for their AfFeftion
^ to the Crown, of great Itxperience and known Abi-
** lities, to confer with for the better preparing and
•' conducing what was to be done in the Houfe of
^ Commons : But the Number of them was not lb
•* great as to give any Umbrage. Nor did They
" meet oftner together with them, than upon Acci-
•* dents, and Contingencies was abfolutely neceflary ;
** but appointed thofe few who had a mutual Confi-
*' dence in each other, and every one of which had an
*' Influence upon others and advifed them what to do,
•* to meet by themfelves, either at the Lord Bridge
^^ man's' or Mr. Attorney's Chambers, wha ftiU gave
^'Notice to the other two of what wa« neceflary,
^ and received Advice. That there were very few of
•* any notable Confideration, who did not frcquendy
*• repair to Both of them, either to dine with them or
**to perform fome Ofiice of Civility, with every
*' one of whom They conferred, and faid what was
*' neceflary to inform them what was fit for them
" to do.''

"That two of thofe who were named by his
" Majefty, Mr. Clifford and Mr. Churchill^ were honcft

V Gentlemen, and received the Advice They were to
" follow from Sir Hugh Pollard^ who had in Truth a
^ very particular Influence upon all the Comijb and
** Devonjhin Men. And that his Majefly might know

V that He had riot been well. informed, tbiU the ethers

^ named

4*1

«<

CC ,

Edward JB/zr/ 5/^ ClarendoS, &c. 355

named hy him took it unkindly that They did not know
' bis Pleafure^ who were leading Men, as indeed They »
• were ; He ^flared his Majcfty that there was not
"one of thofe who was not particularly confulted'
"with, and advcrtifed by fome Perfon who was
" chofcn by every one of them for that Purpofe •, and
" that They would by no Means refort to any Meet-
" ing, fearing to undergo the odious Namd of Under--
" takerSy which in all Parliaments hath been a Brand :
" But, as They had never oppofed any Thing that re-
*' lated to his Service, fo upon any private Infinuation*
*' They had been ready to propofc ztif Thing which
187)" would not have been fo acceptable from any, wha
" had been known to have Relation to his Service^ or
to depend upon thofe who had."
He befought his Majefty to cdnfider, "whether
any Thing had hitherto, in near three Years, fallen
' out amifs or fhort of what He had expefted, in the'
" wary Adminiftration that had been in that Affair;**
and did not conceal his own Fears, " that putting it
** into a more open and wider Channel, his Majefty^s
"own too publick fpeaking with the Members of
" Parliament, and believing what every Man who wai
"prefcnt told him pafTcd in Debates, and who for
" Want df Comprehenfion as well as Memory com-
** mitted many Miftakes in their Relations, Would b<*
*' atitendcd with fome Inconveniences not eafy to b6
** remedied.'* The King was not diflatisfied with thirf
Difcourfe, but feemed to approve it : However Hi
would have Sir Harry Bennet, Mr. Clifford and Churchill^
called to tht next Meeting ; and becaufe They were
to be introduced into Company They had not ufed to
converfe with, that it fhould be at the Chancdlor^i
Chamber, who fhould let the reft know the good
Opinion his Majefly had of thofe who were added to
the Number.

B y this Means arid with thefe Circumflances this Ah -
Altcfratlon was made in the Condudt of the King^s Z^ti^^
Service in the Parliamchtj upon which many other j^^Asf

A a 2 Altera* "^

3.56 The Continuation of the Life of

Alterations followed by Degrees, though not at once>
Yet prefently it appeared, that this Introduftion of
new Confidents was not acceptable to thofc, who
thought They had very well difcharged their Truft.
Six Harry Bennet was utterly unknown to them, a Man
unverfed in any Bufinefs, who never had nor ever was
like to fpeak in the Houfe, except in his Ear who
fate next to him to the DiCidvantage of fome who had
fj)oken, and had not the Faculties to get himfelf be-
loved, and was thought by all Men to be a RotMn
Catbolickj for which They had not any other Reafon
but from his Indifference in all Things which con-
cerned the Church.

When They met firft at the Chancellor's Cham-
ber, as the King had direfted. They conferred free-
ly together with little Difference of Opinion : Though
it appeared that They, who had ufed to be together
before, did not ufc the fame Freedom as formerly in
delivering their particular Judgments, not having
Confidence enough in the new Comers, who in their
private Meetings afterwards took more upon thenv
father to dircft than to advife ; fo that the other grew
unfatisfied in their Converfation. And though the
Meetings continued at one of the Places before men-
tioned, fome always difcontinued their Attendance ;
fo that by Degrees there were lefs Refolutions taken
than had been formerly : Nor was there fo cheerful a
Concurrence, or fo fpeedy a Difpatch of the Bulincls
. depending in the Houfe, as had been.

However, there appeared Nothing of Difonion in
the Parliament, but the fame Zeal and Concurrence
in all Things which related to the King. The Mur-
murs and Difcontents were moft in the Country,
where the People began to talk with more Licenie
and lefs Reverence of the Court and of the King
himfelf, and to reproach the Parliament for their
raifing fo much Money, and increafing of the Im-
pofitions upon the Kingdom, without having done
any Thing for the Redrefs of any Grievance that lay

upon

Edward Earl g/' Clarendon, &c. 357

tipon the People. The Licenfe with Reference tp
Religion grew every Day greater, the Conventicle?
more frequent and more infolent, which difturbed thp
Country exceedingly ; but not fo much as the Liberty
the Papijls affumed, who behaved theoifelves with In-
difcretion, and bragged as if They had a Toleratioti
and cared not what the Magiftrates could do. The
Parliament had a Defire to have provided again^
»^')thofe Evils with the fame Rigour : But though therp
would have been a general Confent in any Provifioa
that could be made againft the Fanaticks and the Con^
vcntides, yet there would not be the like Concurrence
agdnft the Papifts ; and it was not poffible to carry oiji
the one without the other. And therefore the Court,
that They might be fure to prevent the laft, inter-
rupted all that was propofed againft the former,
which They wifhed provided againft, and chofe tp
have neither out of Fear of Both -, which increafed
the Diforders in the Country, and caufed more Rc;
fledlions upon the Court : So that this Seflion of
Parliament produced lefs of Moment than any other.
And the King, after They had given him fouf
Subfidies, which was all the Money They could bp
drawn to give, that He might part as kindly wit^
them as He ufed to do, and upon Difcovery of feve-
ral feditious Meetings amongft the Officers of the
difbanded Army, which He could beft fupprefs whe^i
He had moft Leifure, He refolved to prorogue the
Parliament. And fo fending for them upon the 27tlj
of Jufy^ He thanked them for the Prefent which They
had made to him of the four Subfidies, ** which,'*^^*?^''
He told them, " He would not have received fron> pH!^^
**thcm, if it were not abfolutely neccflary for their eT***'**^-
** Peace and Quiet as well as his : And that it would ****
*' yet do him very little Good, if FJe did not improve
** it by very good Hulbandry of his own -, and by re-
^* trenching thofe very Expenfes, which in many Re-
*'fpe6ts might be thought ncceffary enough. Buf
^ They fhould fee that He would much rather impofc

A a 3 " upon

tU

35? The Continuation of the Life of

*' upon himfelf, than upon his Subjedts ; and that if
*'all Men would follow his Example in retrenching
•' their Expcnfes ( which poflibly They might do
**with much more Convenience than He could do
•*his.) the Kingdom would in fhort Tinie gain
*'what They had given him that Day.** He told
them, " He was very glad that They were going in-
•' to tjheir feveral Countries, where their Prefencc
** would do much Good : And He hoped their Vigi-
*' lance and Authority would prevent thofe Diftur-
**bances, which the reftlefs Spirits of ill anc) un-
** quiet Men would be always contriving, a|id of
** which his Majefty did aflure them They promifcd
*' themfclves fome Effects that Summer. An4 that
*' there had been more Pains and unufual Ways; taken
** to kindle the old fatal Fears and Jealoulies, than He
*' thought He Ihould ever have lived to have feen, at
*' leaft to have feen fo countenanced.'*

H E told them, " that He had expedkcd to have
** had fome Bills prefcnted to him againft the feveral
*'Difl:empers in Religion, againft feditious Conven-
*' tides, and againft the Growth of Popery: But
*' that it might be They had been in fame Fear of
*' reconciling thofe Contradiftions in Religion into
*'fome Confpiracy againft the publick Peace, to
*' which himfelf doubted Men of the moft contrary
** Motives in Confcience were inclinable enough. He
*' did promife them that He would lay that Bufincfe
*' to Heart, and the Mifchiefs which might flow from
^* thofe Licenfes ; and if He lived to meet with them
** again, as He hoped He fhould. He would himfelf
** take Care to prefent two Bills to them to that End.
*' And that, as He had already given it in Charge to
** the Judges, in their feveral Circuits, to ufe their
*' utmoft Endeavours to prevent and puniih the fcan-
" dalous and feditious Meetings of SeSaries^ and to
" convift the Papijis ; fo He would be as watchful,
" and t^ke all the Pains He could, that neither the
** one or the other fhould difturb the Peace of the

" King-

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ®r. 359

** Kingdom." And adding many gracious Expref-
fions of his Eftecm and Confidence in their AfFedions^
He caufcd them to be prorogued towards the End
of Marcby which would be the Beginning of thf
Year 1664.
189) The King had an Intention at that Time to have «*)?%*..
prepared againft the next Meeting two fuch Bills aS^^J^^'
He mentioned to them, and was well enough content ^^^infttbe
that the Parliament had not prefented fuch to him, s^SScT'
which He well forefaw would not have been fuch ai
He (hould have been pleafed with. He would have
liked the moft rigorous Afls againft all the other
Fa6lions in Religion, but did not think the Papijis
had deferved the fame Severity, which would have
been provided againft them with the other, it being
very apparent, that the Kingdom generally had rc-
fumed their old Jealoufies of them, provoked by the
very unwary Behaviour of that People, who bragged
of more Credit in the Court than Tliey could juftify,
though moft Men thought They had too much : And
that was the Reafon that He had commanded the
Chancellor to require the Judges, who were then be-
ginning their Circuits, to cauie the Roman Catbclicks
to be convidled, which He believed would allay much
of the Jealoufies in the Country, as for the prefent it
did. And then He refolved to caufc two fuch Bills
to be prepared for feveral Reafons, of which tlie
principal was, that He might divide them into two
Bills ; prefuming that when He had fent one againft
cither. They would not afFeft reducing Both into one,
which was that which the Catholick Party moft ap-
prehended.

H I s Majcfty was himfelf very unfatisfied with the ^!'^^'^
imprudent Carriage of the Cathoticks^ and thought p^pift,/'
They did afFedl too much to appear as if They
ftood upon the Level with all other Subjeds : And
He received very particular and unqueftionable In-
formation, that fome Priefts had made it an Argu-
ment to fome whom They endeavoured to make their

Pro.

360 ^e Continuation of the Life of

Profelytes, " that the King was of their Religion in
*' his Heart, and would fhortly declare it to all the
«' World ;" with which his Majefty was marvelloufly
offended, and did heartily defire that any of thofe in-
difcreet Perfons might be proceeded againft with Se-
verity. Yet He had no Mind that any Man fhould
be put to Death, which could hardly be avoided if
any Man fliould be brought to Trial in the Cafe aforc-
faid^ except He had granted his Pardon, which with
thefe Circumftances would have carried Scandal in it
Befides He did think the wifeft of that Party had not
carried themfelves with Modefty enough, with what
was good for themfelves and for his Majefty*s Ho-
nour. And therefore He had, without imparting it
to any Friends of theirs, given that Diredtion to the
Judges for convifting them, as the bell Means to re-
claim them to a better Temper: And He had a Pur-
pofe, that the Bill He meant fhould be prepared
fhould more effectually perform that Part, without
cxpofing them to any notable Inconveniences in their
Perfons or their Fortunes, if They behaved themfelves
well and warily.
riiisn^ He did believe, that it was neceffary for his Ser-
"Spapifii vice that They fhould be all convidted, that it might
be evident to himfelf what their Numbers confifted of
and amounted to, which He believed would be found
much inferiour to what they were generally computed,
and then the Danger from their Power would not be
thought fo formidable : And it could be no Prejudice
to them without a further Proceeding upon their Con-
viftion, which He was refolved to reflrain, as He
well might, and had done hitherto ; refolving within
himfelf, that no Man fhould fuffcr under thofe penal
Laws which had been made againfl them in the Age
before, if They lived like good Subjefts, and ad-
miniflered no Occafion of Scandal. And as He was
not referved in declaring that his gracious Purpofe to-
wards them (as hath been faid before); fo hitherto it
had not been attended by any Murmurs : And yet

He

Edward £/zr/ o/'Ciarendon, &c. 361

He was not without a Purpofe of keeping fuch a
Power over them, as might make them wholly de-
pend upon him.

His Majefty did in his Judgment and Inclination
put a great Difference between thofe Roman Catholicks^
who being of antient Extraftion had continued of the
fame Religion from Father to Son, without having
ever been Protejiant^ amongft whom there were very
few who had not behaved themfelves very worthily ;
and thofe, who fince the late Troubles had apoftatized
from the Church of England to that of the Roman^
without any fuch Evidence of Confcience, as might not
adminifter juft Reafon to fufpeft, that their Induce-
ments had been wholly from worldly Temptations*
And He did refolve in his Bill to make a Diftindtiort
between thofe ClafTes, and to prevent or at lead to dif-
courage thofe Lapfes which fell out too frequently in
the Court ; nor did Men believe that They need make
any Apology for it, but appeared the more confidently
in all Places. He did refolve likewife to contraft and
lefTen the Number of the Ecclefiaftical Perfons, who
upon Millions reforted hither as to an' Infidel Nation
(which was and is a Grievance that the Calholicks
would be glad to be eafed in), and to reduce them
into fuch an Order and Method by this Bill, that Ht
might himfelf know tiie Names of all Priefts remain-
ing in the Kingdom, and their feveral Stations where
They refided -, which muft have produced fuch a Se-
curity to thofe who ftayed, and to thofe with whom
They^ ftayed, as would have fet them free from any
Apprehenfion of any Penalties impofed by preceding
Parliaments.

But this Defign (which comprehended many other Mi^fym
Particulars) vaniftied as foon as it was difcovered.J^^^^-^"
The King's own Difcourfe of a Bill that He would^«,
€aufe to be drawn againft the Roman Catholicks awaken-
ed great Jealoufies ; nor did They want Inftruments
or Opportunities to difcover what the Meaning of it
coqld be. Nor was the King referved in: the Argu-
ment,

362 The Continuation of the Life of

•ment, but communicated it with thofe who He knew
were well aflFefted to that Party, and to one or two
of themfelves who were reputed to be moderate Men,
4Uid to defirc Nothing but the Exercifc of their Re-
ligion with the greaceit Secrecy and Caution, and who
often informed him and complained " of the Folly
♦*and Vanity of fome of their Friends, and more
** particularly of the Prefumption of the Jefttits'^
And fuch Kind of Faftions and Divifions there arc
amongfl: them, which might be culuvated to very
happy Prodoftions : But i'uch Ingenuity, as to be
contented with what might gratify all their own Pre-
4:ences, there is not amongft them.

These moderate Men complained already, "that
*' the King was deceived by their Enemy the Chan-
*^cellor," who indeed was generally very odious to
jthem, for no other Reafon, but becaufe They knew
He was irreconcilable to their Profeffion ; not that
They thought He defired that the Laws ihould be
put in Execution againft them ; and fome of the chief
of them believed him to be much their Friend, and
had Obligations to him. But They all lamented this
Piredion given to the Judges for their Convidion,
** which," They informed the King, "was the ne-
*' ceflary Preamble to the higheft Perlecution the Law
** had prepared againft them. That till They were
*' convifted They were in the fame Predicament with
** the reft of his Subje6b -, but as foon as They were
^* convifted" (which the Judges now caufed to be
profecuted throughout the Kingdom), " They were
*' liable to all the other Penalties, which his Majefty
**was inclined to proted them from." They pre-
fented to him a (hort Memorial of the Difadvantages
which were confequent to a Convidion, in which
They alleged fome Particulars which were not dear
in the Liw, at leaft had never been pradlifcd in the
fevereft Times.

Though the King had well weighed all He hadC^''
done before He did k, and well knew, after all their

Infinua-

Edward Eari of Clarendon, &c. 363

Infinuations and Allegations, that none of thofe In*
conveniences could enfue to them, if He reftrained
any further Profecution, which He always had in-
tended to do ; yet They wrought fo far upon him,
that He was even forry that He had proceeded fo
far : And though it was not fit to revoke any Part
of it, yet He cared not how little it was advanced.
And for the Bill He meant to prefent in the nei^t
Seflion, They faid "all their Security and Quiet
*' They had enjoyed fince his Majefty's happy Re-
" turn depended wholly upon the general Opinion,
** that He had Favour for them, and Satisfaftion in .
*' their Duty and Obedience as good SgbjeAs, and
** their Readinefs to do him any Service, which They
** would all make good with their Lives and aU that
** They had. But if He fhould now difcover any
" Jealoufy of their Fidelities, and that there wai?
** Need of a new Law againft them, which his Pujv
*' pole of providing a Bill implied, what Mitigation
** foever his Majefty intended in it, it would not be
** in his Majefty's Power to reftrain the Paflion of
" other Men ; but all thofe Animofities which had
*' been hitherto covered and concealed, as grateful
" to him, would upon this Occafion break out to
" their Deftruftion : And therefore They hoped, that
*' whatever Bitternefs the Parliament might exprefs
** againft them when They came together. They
" (hould receive no Invitation or Encouragement by
** any Jealoufy or Difpleafure his Majefty fliould ma-
" nifeft to have towards them."

These and the like Arguments, or the Credit ofni^t
thofe who urged them, made that Impreflion, that^^^^
He declined any further Thought of that Bill ; nor
was there ever after Mention of it. The Catbolicks
grew bolder in all Places, and converfant in thofe
Rooms of tTie Court into which the King's Chaplains
never prefumed to enter; and to crown all their
Hopes, the Lady declared herfelf of that Faith, and

inveighed

364 ^n^ Continuation of the Life of

inveighed fharply againfl: the Church She had been
bred in.

During the Interval of the Parliament, there was
not fuch a Vacation from Trouble and Anxiety as
was expefted. The domeftick Unquiemefs in the
Court made every Day more Noife abroad : Infinite
Scandals and Calumnies were fcattered amongft the
Dijamtemt bi People ; and They exprefled their Difcontents upon
tbiOMwto. jj^^ gj.^^j Taxes and Impofitions which They were
compelled to pay, and publickly reproached the Par-
liament ; when They were in Truth vexed and grieved
at Heart for that which They durft not avow, and
did really believe that God was angry with the Na-
tion, and refolved to exercife it under greater Tribu-
lation than He had fo lately freed them from. The
general Want of Money was complained of, and a
great Decay of Trade -, fo that the native Commodi-
ties of the Kingdom were not tranfported. Yet Both
thefe were but Pretences, and refulted from Combina-
tions rather than from Reafon. For it appeared by
the Cuftoms, that the Trade was greater than it had
ever been, though fome of our native Commodities,
efpccially Cloth, feemed for fome Time to be at a
Stand ; which proceeded rather from the preftrnt Glut,
which in the general Licenfe the Interlopers had irre-
gularly tranfported in great Quantities, by which the
Prices were brought low, and could only be recover-
ed by a Reftraint for fome Time, which the Merchant
Adventurers put upon themfelves, and would have put
upon the Interlopers, who were at laft too hard for
them, even upon the Matter to the fuppreffing the
Company, that had flood in great Reputation for
very many Years, and had advanced that Manufadlurc
to a great Height j and whether it deferved that Dif-
countenance. Time muft decide. How unreafonabk
the other Difcourfe was of Want of Money, there
needs no other Argument, but the great Purchafc5('9^
which were every Day made of great Eftates ; nor
was any confiderable Parcel of Land in any Part of

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. 365

England offered to be fold, but there was a Purchafer
It Hand ready to buy it.

However thefe Pretences, together with the fud-
3cn bringing up all the Money, that was coUefted for
:he King, in Specie to London^ which proceeded from
the Bankers advancing fo much prefent Money for the
emergent Occafions, tor which They had thofe Aflign-
mcnts upon the Money of the Country, did really pro-
duce fuch a fudden Fall of the Rents throughout the
Kingdom, as had never been known l?efore : So that^>^**«'*^
Men were compelled to abate generally a fourth Part*^'^'^
of their annual Rents at the leaft, or to take theii'
Lands into their own Hands, for which They were
as ill provided. All this Mifchief fell upon the No-
bility and gri^ateft Gentry, who were Owners of the
grcateft Eftates, every Body whofe Eftate lay in Land
undergoing a Share in the Suffering, which made the
Difcontent general ; which They thought the bell
Way to remedy would be to raife no more Taxes,
which They took to be the Caufe why the Rents fell.
In the mean Time the Expenfes of the Court, and of
all who depended upon it, grew flill higher, and the
King himfelf lefs intent upon his Bufinefs, and more
loved his Pleafures, to which He prefcribed no Li-
mits, nor to the Expenfes which could not but ac-
company them.

There was Caufe enoug;h to be jealous of the pub- Danger e/mi
lick Peace ; there being every Day Difcoveries made ^'^ ^
of private Meetings ^nd Conferences between Officers
of the old Army •, and that Correfpondencies were
fettled between them throughout the Kingdom in a
wonderful Method ; and that They had a grand Com-
mittee refiding in London^ who had the fupreme Pow-
er, and which fent Orders to all the reft, who were to
rife in one Day and meet at feveral Rendezvoufes.
Hereupon feveral Perfons were apprehended and com-
mitted to Prifon j and the King himfelf often took
the Pains to examine them ; and They confeflcd com-
.monly more tp his Majefty himfelf than upon any

other

366 7^^ Cmtinuatim of the Life of

other Examination. Proclamations iffued often tot
the baniftiing all Officers who had ever borne Arms
againft the King twenty Miles from London^ which
d^d more publilh the Apprehenfion of new Trou-
bles.

There can be no Doubt, but that there were
many feditious Purpofes amongft the People, of
which there often appeared fo full Evidence, that
many were executed for High Treafon, who were
tried and condemned by the Judges at their general
Seifion at Newgate: Yet there was often Caufe to
believe that many Men were committed, who in Truth
had not been more faulty, than in keeping ill Com-
pany and in hearing idle Difcourfes. Informing was
frown a Trade, which many affefted to get Money
y : And as the King^s Minifters could not rejedt in a
Time of fo much Jealoufy, fo the receiving them
gave them great Trouble ; for few of them were
willing to be produced as Evidence againft thofc
They accufed, pretending, fometimes with Reafon,
** that if They were known They ftiould be rendered
" ufelefs for the future, whereas They were yet un-
"fufpefted and admitted into all Councils.'* AD
the Seds of Religion fpake with more Boldnefs in
their Meetings, and met more frequently, than They
had ufed to do in the Times that Sir Richard Browne
and Sir John Robinfon had been Lord Mayors •, and
the Officers who fucceeded them proved lefs vigilant,
A general Defpondency feemed to poflefs the Minds
of Men, as if They litde cared what came to pafs ;
which did not proceed fo much from Malice, as fi-om
the Difeal'e of murmuring, which had been contraft-
ing above twenty Years, and became almoft incorpa-('?!
rated into the Nature of the Nation.
An Intrigue There happened about this Time an Alteration in
^U^^^^"" the Court, that produced afterwards many other Al-
H^Benocn terations which were not then fufpcfted, yet even at
that Time was not liked in the Court itfelf, and left
out of it. . The Keeper of the Privy Purfe, who was

more

Edward Earl of Clarendok^ &c. 367

more fit for that Province than for any other to which
He could be applied, did not think himfelf yet pre-
ferred to a Station worthy of his Merit and great
Qualifications. Some Promifes the King had mzAt
to him when He was at Fucntarabiaj and had long
much Kindnefs for his Peribn and much Delight in
his Company : So that bis Friend, Mr. ONeiUj who
was ftill ready to put his Majcfty in Mind of all his
Services, had Nothing hard to do but to find a Va-
cancy that might give Opportunity for his Advance-
ment; and He was dextrous in making Opportu-
nities which He could not find, and made no Scruple
to infmuate to the King, " that the Abilities of nei-
" ther of his Secretaries were fo great but that He
" might be better ferved." Indeed his Majefty, who
did not naturally love old Men, had noc fo much
Efteem of them as their Parts and Induftry and In-
tegrity deferved, and would not have been forry if
either or Both of them had died.

Secretary Nicholas had fervcd the Crown verycfctfrafliirdr
many Years with a very good Acceptation, was made^SM?
Secretary of State by the late King, and loved and
trufted by him in his neareft Concernments to his
Death : Nor had any Man, who ferved him, a more
general Reputation of Virtue and Piety and unquef-
tionable Integrity throughout the Kingdom. He was
a Man to whom the Rebels had been always irreconcil-
able ; and from the End of the War lived in Banifh-
ment beyond the Seas, was with his Majefty from the
Time He left France (for whilft the King was in
France with his Mother, to whom the Secretary was
not gracious. He remained at a Diftance ; but from
the Time that his Majefty came into Germany He was
always with him) in the Exercife of the fame Funftion
he had under his Father, and returned into England
with him, with Hope to repair his Fortune by the
juft Perquifitcs of his Office, which had been very
much impaired by his long Sufferings and Banifliment.
He had never been in his Youth a Man of quick and

fudden

Monke*

j68 7be Continuation of the Life of

fuddcn Parts, but full of Induftry and Application
(which it may be is the better Compofition ), and al-
ways verfed in Bufinefs and all the Forms of Dif-
patch. He was now fome Years above feventy, yet
truly performed his Office with Punftuality, and to
the Satisfaftion of all Men who repaired to him:
And the King thought it an envious as well as an
illnatured Thing, to difcharge fuch an Officer becaufe
He had lived too long.
^Sto'etmy The Other Secretary was Secretary MorricCj wboie
Merit had been his having tranfafted all that had been
between the King and the General, which was thought
to be much more than it was. Yet He had behaved
himfelf very well, and as much difpofcd the General
as He was capable of being difpofed ; and his Ma-
jefty had preferred him to that Office purely to gra-
tify and oblige the General; and He had behaved
himfelf very honeftly and diligently in the King's
Service, and had a good Reputation in the Home
ef Commons, and did the Bufinefs of his (Office
without Reproach. He had lived moft Part of his
Time in the Country, with the Repute of a wife
Man and a very good Scholar, as indeed He was
both in the Latin and Greek Learning -, but being
without any Knowledge in the modern Languages,
He gave the King often Occafion to laugh at his
unfldlful Pronunciation of many Words. In the La-
tin Difpatches, which concern all the Northern Parts,(if
He was ready, and treated with thofe Ambafladoun
fluently and elegantly ; and for all domeftick Affairs
no Man doubted his Sufficiency, except in the Garb
and Mode and Humour of the Court.

And the Inducement that brought him in made it
unfit to remove him, left it might grieve the General,
whofe Friend and Kinfman He was : So that there
was no Expedient to provide for Sir Harry Bennety but
by removing Secretary Nicholas by his own Confent ;
for the King would not do it otherwife to fo old and
faithful a Servant. And his Majcfty was the more

inclined

£D\<r ARi> l^arl of Clarendon, &c. 369

inclined to it, becaufe it would give him the Oppor-
tunity to bring another Perfon into the Office of the
Privy Purfe, of whom He was lately grown very
fond, and towards whom He had, when He came
into England^ a greater Averfion than to any Gentle-
man who had been abroad with him, and that was
Sir Charles Berkley^ who was then Captain of the Duke
of TorVs Guard, and much in the good Grace of his
Royal Highnefs.

Whilst this Intrigue was contriving and depend*.
ing, great Care was taken that it might not come to
the Notice of the Chancellor, left if He could not
divert the King from defiring it, which They believed
He would not attempt. He might difluade his old
Friend the Secretary, with whom He had held a long
and particular Friendfhip, from hearkening to any
Propofition, or accepting any Compofition ; which
They believed not unreafonably that the other would
be very folicitous in, as well to keep a Man in, whom
He could entirely truft, as to keep another out, of
whofe Abilities He had no Efteem, and in whofe Af-
fcftion He had no Confidence : And it was thought
by many, that the fame Apprehenfion prevailed with
the good old Man himfelf to cherifli the Secrecy.
Certain it is, that the whole Matter was refolvcd and
confented to, before ever the Chancellor had a Sulpi*
cion of it.

O NEILE, who had always the Skill to bring that
to pafs by others which He could not barefaced ap-
pear in himfelf, infinuated to Mr. AJhbumbam^ who
pretended and I think had much Friendfliip for the
Secretary, "that the King thought the Secretary too
*'old to take fo much Pains, and often wilhed that
** his Friends would perfuade him to. retire, that there
•* might be a younger Man in the Office, who could .
** attend upon his Majefty at all Hours and in all
•* Journies ; but that his Majefty always fpake kindly
•* of him, and as if He refolved to give him an am-
•'ple Recompcnfe:" And in Confidence told him.

Vol. 11. B b " that

37C^ Titf Continuation of the Life of

"that the King had an inpatient Dcfirc to have Sir
** Harry Benmt Secretary of State." Aftjbttmbam was
well vcrfed in the Artifices of Court too ; and thought
He might very well perform the Office of a Friend
to his old Confident, and at the fame Time find a
new and more ufeful Friend for himfelf, by having a
Hand in procuring a large Sadsfadtion for the old,
and likewife facilitating the Way for the Introdudtion
of a new Secretary, who could not forget the Obliga-
tion. So He told O Neile^ " that all the World knew
•^that He had for many Years profeflid a great
•« Friendfhip for Secretary Nicholas'^ ( They had been
Both Servants at the fame Time to the Duke of Buck-
mghamj when He was killed), " and that He fhould
" be much troubled to fee him difplaced in his old
♦*Age with Contempt; but if his Majefty would
"difmifs him with Honour and Reward, that He
•* might be able to provide for his Wife and Chil-
•* dren. He would make no Scruple to perfuade him
**to quit his Employment." O NeiU had all He
kx)ked for, and only enjoined him Secrecy, *' that it
•* might not come to the King*s Ear that He had
, ** communicated this Secret to any Man •, and He did(»9f>
" prefume, that before any Refolution was taken in
^it, his Majefty would fpeak of it to the Chan-
•^cellor/'

Wit H I N a Day or two the King fent for jf/hburn"
bam and told him, " He knew He was a Friend to
<*the Secretary, who was now grown old, and not
•* able to take the Pains He had done ; that He had
"ferved his Father and himfelf very faithfully, and
•' had fpent his Fortune in his Service j .that if He
•• were willing to retire, for without his Conient He
•* would do Nothing, He would give him ten thou-
•* fand Pounds, or any other Recompenfe He fhould
" choofe," implying a Title of Honour : But inti-
mated, though He referred all to his own Will, "that
^ He wifhed, and that it would be acceptable to him,

" that

Edward £tfr/ y Clarendon, G?r. 371

** that the Office might be vacant and at his Majefty'sl
•^Difpofal/'

He undertook the Employment very cheerfully^
and quickly iniparced all that had paifed from the
King, and all that He knew before, to the Secretary;
who was not fond of the Court, and thought He had
lived long enough there, having feen and obferved
much that He was grieved at Heart to fee. He con-
fidered, that though this Meflagc was very gracious,
and offered a noble Reward for his Service, it did
withal appear that the King did defire He Ihould be
gone ; and having defigned a Succeflbr to him, who
had already much Credit with him, if He (hould feem
fallen or unwilling. He might in a (hort Time be put
out without any Confideration, or at mod with the
Promife of one. Thereupon He wifhed his Friend
** to aflure the King, that He would very readily do
•*whatfoever his Majefty thought necerfary for hi^
** Service ; but He hoped, that after above forty Year4
" fpent in the Service of the Crown, He (hould not
•' be expofed to Difgrace and Contempt. That He
" had a Wife and Children, who had all fufFered with
" him in Exile till his Majefty's Return, and for whom
" He could not make a competent Provifion without
** his Majefty*s Bounty ; and therefore He hoped, that
** before his Majefty required the Signet, He would
«* caufc the Recompenfe He defigned to be more thari
«* what He had mentioned, and to be firft paid.'*

This Province could not be put into a fitter Hand^
for it was managed with notable Skill. And as foom
a$ it was known that the Secretary would willingly
iW^fign, which was feared, and that only a better Re-
compenfe was expefted, every Body was willing that
the King (hould make the AA look as gracioufly as^Secrerofym.
might be, that the Succeflbr might be attended with^^°^^*"^
the lefs Envy. And Mr. AJhburnham cultivated their
Impatience fo (kilfully, that it coft the King, in pre-
fect Money and Land or Leafe, vcty litde lefs than
' B b a twenty

3/2 ^he Continuation of the Life of

twenty thoufand Pounds, to bring in a Servant whom
very few cared for, in the Place of an old Servant
whom every Body loved : And He received all that
was promifed, before He refigned his Place. And if
the Change had been as good ibr the King, as it was
for the good old Secretary^ every Body would have
Sir H. Ben- bccn glad. And thus Sir Harry Bennet was at the
^i^^' King's Charge accommodated, even to the Satisfaftion
Stati,aMisir of his own Ambition : And his Majefty was as well
^jj^p„-. pleafed, that He had gotten Sir Charles Berkley into
nyFtafi. the Other Office about his Perlbn, whom He every
Day loved with more Paffion, for what Reafon no
Man knew nor could imagine.
rbecbancii'' Ahd from this Time They who ftood at any near
Mim^ Diftance could not but difcern, that the Chancellor's
Intereft and Credit with the King manifeftly declined :
Not that either of thefe two pretended to be his Rival,
or appeared to crofs any Thing in Council that He
propofed or advifed ; on the contrary. They Both
profefled great Refpeft towards him. One of them
being no Privy Counfellor, made great Profeflions(«5fl
and Addrefles to him by himfelf, and by fomc
Friends who had much Credit with him •, protefted
*'againft meddling at all in Bufinefs, and that He
*' only hoped to gain a Fortune by his Majefty's Fa-
*'vour, upon which He might be able to live;'*
nor did it appear afterwards, that He did to his
Death wifti that the Chancellor's Power fhould be
leflened : And the other made all the Profeffions ima-
ginable of AfFeftion and Refpeft to him, and repaired
upon Occafions to him for Advice and for Diredion.
Nor in Truth could either of them have done him
any Prejudice at that Time with the King by pretend-
ing to do it ; but by pretending the contrary by De-
grees got Power to do it.
rbt tGngfiiS H 1 s Majefty did not in the leaft Degree withdraw
?w*/»" ^^^ Favour from him, heard him as willingly, came
bim. as often to him, was as little referved in any Thing;

only in one Particuiar He did with fomc Solemnity

con-

Edward E/zr/ g/' Clarendon, &c. 373

conjure him never to mention it to him again, in
which He did not yet punftually obey him, nor
avoid feafonably faying any Thing to him which
He believed to be his Duty, and which his Majefty
never feemed to take ill. And whenever He fpake
to him of either of the other two Gentlemen, which
He frequently did with much Kindnefs, He always
added fomewhat of Both their Refpefts and Efteem
for him, as a Thing that pleafed him well 5 and faid
once, "that it concerned tliem, for whenever He
** fliould difcern it to be otherwife. He fhould make
*' them repent it." Yet notwithftanding all this, from
that Time Counfcls were not fo fecret, and greater
t^iberty was taken to talk of the publick Affairs in
the Evening Converfation, than had been before,
when they happened fometimes to be (hortly men-
tioned in the Produftion of fome Wit or Jeft ; but
now they were often taken into Debate, and cenfured
with too much Liberty with Reference to Things and
Perfons; and the King himfelf was lefs fixed and
more irrefolute in his Counfcls ; and inconvenient
Grants came every Day xo the Seal for the Benefit of
particular Perfons, againft which the King had par-
ticularly refolved, and at laft by Importunity would
have paffed. Laftly, Both thefe Perfons were moft
devoted to the Lady, and much depended upon her
Intereft, and confequently were ready to do any Thing
that would be grateful to her.

The«.e was another Mifchief contrived about this
Time, that had a much worfe Influence upon the
Publick, except We (hall call it the fame, becaufe
it did in Truth proceed from it. Though the ^^^^-'^/'J^f'l*
lick State of Affairs, in Refpeft of the Diftempers'^'"'^"'^
and Difcompofures which are mentioned before, and
that the Expenfes exceeded what was afligned to fup-
port it, whereby the great Debt was little diminiihed,
yielded little Delight to thofe who were moft trufted
to manage and provide for them, and who had a
raelancholick and dreadful Apprehenfion of Confe-

B b 2 • quences :

oftkeUMich.
fVar,

274 ^^ Continuation of the Life of

qucnces : Yet whilft the Nation continued in Peace,
and without any Danger from any foreign Enemy,
.the Profped was fo pleafant, efpecially to thofe ndio
flood at a Diftance, that They faw Nothing worthy
of any Man's Fear ; and there was reafonable Hope,
that the Expenfes might every Year be reduced with-
in reafonable Bounds. But all that Hope vanifhed,
when there appeared an immoderate I>cfire to engage
the Nation in a War.

Upon the King's firft Arrival in England^ He mar
nifefted a very great Defire to improve the general
Traffick and Trade of the Kingdom, and upon all
Occafions conferred with the moft aftive Merchants
upon it, and offered all that He could contribute to
the Advancement thereof. He eredcd a Council of
Trade, which produced little other EfFedt than the
. ' Opportunity of Mens fpeaking together, which pofli-(»97l
bly difpofed them to think more, and to confult more
cffedtually in private, than They could in fuch a
Crowd of Commiffioners. Some Merchants and Sea-
men made a Propofition by Mr. fVilliam Coventry and
rbiEreaion fome few others to the Duke of Torkj "for the Erec-
Af^^cL- " ^^^^ ^f ^ Company in which They defired his Royal
fany. " Highncfs to prclide" ( and frohi thence it was called
the Royal Company), " to which his Majefty fhouki
" grant the fole Trade of Guinea, which in a fliort
** Time They prefumed would bring great Advan-
" tage to the Publick, and much Profit to the Ad-
** venturers, who fhould begin upon a joint Stock,
** to be managed by a Council of fuch as Ihould be
*' chofen out of the Adventurers.'*

This Privilege had before the Troubles been grant-
ed by the late King to Sir Nicholas Crifpe and othcn
named by him, who had at their own Charge fent
Ships thither : And Sir Nicholas had at his own Charge
bought a Nook of Ground, that lay into the Sea, of
the true Owners thereof (all that Coaft being in-
habited by Heathens), and built thereon a good
Fort and Warehoufes, under which the Ships hy\

and

Edward Earl of Clarendon^ &c. 375

and He had advanced this Trade fo far before the
Troubles, that He found it might be carried on with
very great Benefit. After the Rebellion began, and
Sir Nicholas betook himfelf to fcrve the King, fomc
Merchants continued the Trade, and cither by hi^
Confent or Cromwell's Power had the Pofleflion of that
Fort, called Cormantine ; which was ftill in the Pof-
feffion of the Englijb when his Majefty returned,
though the Trade was fmall, in Rclpcd the Dutch
had fixed a ftronger Quarter at 00 great Diftancc
from it, and fent much more Ships and Commodities
thither, and returned once every Year to tl>eir own
Country with much Wealth. The chief End of this
Trade was, befides the putting ofi^ great Quantities
of our own Manufaftures according as the Trade
fliould advance, to return with Gold, which thi^t
Coaft produced in good Quantity, and with Slaves,
Blacks^ which were readily ibid to any Plantation 2s
great Prices.

The Model was fo well prepared, and the whok
Method for governing the 1 rade fo rationally pro-
.pofed, that the Duke was much pleafed with it, and
quickly procured a Charter to be granted from thc-^^^**'*^.
King to this Company with ample Privileges, and his^"*' '*'''
Majefly himfelf to become an Adve;iturer, and which
was more, to aflSfl: them for the firft Eftablilhment of
their Trade with the Ufe of Ibme of his pwn Ships.
The Duke was the Governour of the Company, with
Power to make a Deputy: All the other Officers and
Council were chofen by the Company, which con-
fifted of Perfons of Honour and Quality, eVery on^e
of which brought in five hundred Pounds for the firjl
joint Stock, with which They fct out the firft Ships ;
upon the Return whereof They received fo much •
Encouragement and benefit, that They compounded
with Sir Nicholas Crifpe for his Propriety in the Fort
and Caftle ; and poffefled themfelves of another Place
upon the Coaft, and fent many Ships thither, which
P)ad^ very good Jletprns, by putting off thpir Blacks

at

376 ^he Continuation of tie Life of

at the Barbadoes and other the King's Plantations at
their own Prices, and brought Home fuch Store of
Gold that adminiftered the firft Occafion for the
Coinage of thofe Pieces, which from thence had the
Denomination of Guineas ; and what was afterwards
made of the fame Species, was coined of the Gold that
was brought from that Coaft by the Royal Company.*
, In a Word, if that Company be not broken or dif-

ordered by the Jealoufy that the Gentlemen Adven-
turers have of the Merchants, and their Opinion that
They underftand the Myfteries of Trade as well as
the other, by which They refufc to concur ki the
neceffary Expedients propofed by the other, and in- ('9^
Herpofe unflcilful Overtures of their own with Perti-
nacy, it will be found a Model equally to advance
the Trade of England with that of any other Com*
pany, even that of the Eaji-Indies.

From the firft Entrance into this Trade, which
the Duke was exceedingly difpofed to advance, and
was conftantly prefent himfelf at all Councils, which
were held once a Week in his own L^odgings at
JVhitehall^ it was eafily difcovered that the Dutch had
a better Trade there than the Englijhj which They
were then willing to believe that They had no Right
to, for that the Trade was firft found out and fetucd
there by the Englijh ; which was a fufficient Founda-
tion to fettle it upon this Nation, and to exclude all
others, at leaft by the fame Law that the Spaniard
enjoys the JVeJi-Indies^ and the Dutch what They or
the Portuguefe poffeffed in the Eaft. But this They
quickly found would not eftablifh fuch a Title as
would bear a Difpute : The having fent a Ship or
two thither, and built a little Fort, could not be al-
lowed fuch a Poffeflion as would exclude all other
Nations. And the Truth was -, the Dutch were there
fome Time before us, and the Dane before either:
And the Dutch^ which was the true Grievance, had
planted themfelves more advantageoufly, upon the
pank of a River, than We had done ; and by the

EreftioA

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 377

Ercftion of more Forts were more ftrongly feated,
and drove a much greater Trade, which They did
not believe They would be perfuaded to quit. This "^ ^
drew this Difcourfe from the Right to the Eafinefs,^o«ie/^
by the Affiftance of two or three of the King's Ships, ^^j^^t
to take away all that the Butch poffefled in and about '
Guinea^ there having never been a Ship of War feen
in thofe Parts ; fo that the Work might be prefently
done, and fuch an Alliance made with the Natives,
who drd not love the Dutch, that the Englijh might '

be unqueftionably poffefled of the whole Trade of
that Country, which would be of ineftimable Profit to
the Kingdom.

The Merchants took much Delight to enlarge
themfelves upon this Argument, and fhortly after
to difcourfe '* of the infinite Benefit that would ac-
** crue from a barefaced War againft the Dutch, how
*' eafily They might be fubdued, and the Trade car*
"ried by the Englijh. That Cromwell had always
*' beaten them, and thereby gotten the greateft Glory
** He had, and brought them upon their Knees •, and
" could totally have fubdued them, if He had not
*' thought it more for his Intereft to have fuch a
** Second, whereby He might the better fupport his
**Ufurpation againft the King. And therefore, af-
*♦ ter They had confented to all the infamous Con-
*' ditions of the total abandoning his Majefty, and as
^*far as in them lay to the Extirpation of all the
" Royal Family, and to a perpetual Exclufion of the
** Prince of Orange, He made a firm Peace with them v
"which They had not yet performed, by their re-
**taining ftill the Ifland of Polereone, which They
** had fo long fince barbaroufly taken from the Eng-
^^lijh, and which They had exprefsly promifed and
^' undertaken to deliver in the laft Treaty, after Cram-
** well had compelled them to pay a great Sum of
** Money for the Damages which the Englijh had fuf-
^^ tained at Amboyna, when all the Demands and

♦* Threats

37^ 5^^ Continuation of the Ufe tf

" Threats from King James could never procure any
" Satisfkftion for that foul Adiion/*
ruM»^ These Difcourfes, often reiterated in Seafon and
J[^**f out of Seafon, made a very deep Imprcffion in the
^ ' Duke ; who having been even from his Childhood in
the Command in Armies and in his Nature inclined
to the moft difficult and dangerous Enterprifes, was
^ready weary of having fo little to do, and too im-
patiently longed for any War, in which He knew He
could not but have the chief Command. But thefe
Kind of Debates, or the Place in which they were
made, could contribute little to an Affair of fo huge
an Importance, otherwife than by inciting the Duke,
which they did too much, to confider and affcd it,
and to difpofe others who were near him to inculcate
the fame Thoughts into him, as an Argument in
which his Honour would be much exalted in the Eye
of all the World : And to thefe good Offices They
were enough difpofed by the ReftlefTnefs and Un-(»«l
quietncfs of their own Natures, and by many other
Motives for the accomplifhing their own Defigns, and
getting more Power into their own Hands.

But there was lately, very lately, a Peace fully
concluded with the States General upon the fame
.Terms, Articles and Conditions, which They had
formerly yielded to Cromwell^ being very much more
advantageous than They had ever granted in any
Treaty to the Crown. And at the Time of the Con-
clufion of the Peace, They delivered their Orders
from the States General and their Eaft-India Company
for the Delivery of the IQand of Poleroone to the Eng-
UJh^ which Cromwell himfelf had extorted from them
with the greateft Difficulty : So that there was now
no Colour of Juftice to make a War upon them.
Befides that there were at prefent great Jcaloufics
from Spain upon the Marriage with Portugal*^ nor
did France^ which had broken Promife in making a
Treaty with Holland^ make any Haftc to renew the
Treaty with England. And therefore it could not but

fccm

Edwaiid Earl of Clarendon, &c. ^379

feem ftrange to all Men, that when We had only made
\ Treaty of Peace with Holland^ and that fo newly/
and upon fo long Confideration, and fiad none with
citker of the Crowns, We (hould fo much defirc to
enter into a War with them.

However, the Duke's Heart was fet upon it, and
He loved to fpeak of it, and the Benefits which would
ittend it. He fpakc of it to the King, whom He7^.^^*«
Found no Ways inclined to it, and therefore He knew '^*^'*''*
it was unfit to propofe ijt in Council : Yet He fpake
3ften of it to fuch of the Lords of whom He had the
beft Opinion, and found many of them to concur
«rith him in the Opinion of the Advantages which
might arifc from thence. And fometimes He thought
He left the King difpofed to it, by an Argument
which He found prevailed with many: **That the

* Differences and Jealoufies in Point of Trade, which
*did every Day fall out and would every Day in-

* creafe between the Engli/b and the Duicb, who had
*in tile late Diftraftions gotten great Advantages,

* would unavoidably produce a War between them ;

* and then that the Queftion only was, whether it
' were not better for us to begin it now, when They
' do not expeft it, and Wc are better prepared for it
' than probably We fliall be then ; or to ftay two or

* three Years, in which the fame Jealoufy would pro-

* voke them to be well provided, when probably We

* might not be ready. That We had the beft Sea

* Officers in the World, many of whom had often
' beaten the Dutch, and knew how to do it again ;
' and a Multitude of excellent Mariners and common

* Seamen : All which, if They found that Nothing
' would be done at Home, would difperfe themfelves
' in Merchants Voyages to the Indies and the Straits \
' and probably fo many good Men would never be

* found together again.'*

Akd with fuch Arguments He many Times thought
hat He left the King much moved : But when He
[)ake to him again (though He knew that He had no

Kind-

380 ^e Continuation of the Life of

Kindnefs for the Dutch) his Majefty was changed, and
very averfe to a War; which He imputed to the
TitfOMMT. Chancellor, who had not diflembled, as often as his
^'ff^"' Highnefs fpakc to him, to be pafllonately and obfti-
nately againft it. And He did take all the Opportu-
nities He could find to confirm the King in his Aver-
fion to it, who was in his Heart averl'e from it, bjr
prefenting to him the State of his own Affairs, " thet^*^
*' great Debt that yet lay upon him, which with
*' Peace and good Hufbandry might be in fome Time
** paid ; but a War would involve him in fo mudi
*' greater, that no Man could fee the End of it. That
** He would be able to preferve himfclf againft the
** Faftions and Diftempers in his own Kingdom, and
** probably fupprefs them, if He were without a fo-
** reign Enemy : But if He (hould be engaged in a
*' War abroad, his domeftick Divifions, efpccially
** thofe in Religion, would give him more Trouble
" than He could well ftruggle withal."

'' That it was an erroneous Affumption, :bat the
•* Dutch would he better provided for a War two or three
*' Tears hence^ and his Majefty worfe^ for which there
*' was no Reafon. That within that Time it would
** be his own Fault, if the Diftempers in his three
*' Kingdoms were not compofed, which would make
" him much fitter for a War ; whereas i^ow neither
*' of them could be faid to be in Peace, that of Ireland
** being totally unfettled, and that of Scotland not yet
*' well pleafed, and England far from it. That in
*' that Time it was very probable that the two Crowns
*' would be again engaged in a War ; fince it was
*' generally believed, and with great Reafon, that
^^ France only expefted the Death of the King of
** Spain^ who was very infirm, and meant then to fall
*' into Flanders J having at the fame Time with great
*'Expenfe provided great Magazines of Corn and
*' Hay upon the Borders, which could be for no
*' other End. Th^t whilft He continued in Peace
** his Friendlhip would be valuable to all the Prince?

"of

EdWard Earl of Clarendon, 6?r. jSt

* of Europe^ and the two Crowns would drive who
^ fliould gain him : But if He engaged in a War,
^ and in luch a War as that with Holland^ which would
' interrupt and difturb all the Trade of the Kingdom,
' upon which the greateft Part of his Revenue did
'rile; all other Princes would look on, and not

* much efteem any Offices He could perform to

* them. And laftly, that a little Time might poffi-
' bly adminifter a juft Occafion of a War, which at
' prcfent there was not."

These, and better Arguments which the King's
>wn Underftanding fuggefted to him, made him fully
eiblve againft the War, and to endeavour to change •
lis Brother from affefting it, which wrought not at
ill upon him ; but finding that many Things fell
Tom the King in the Argument, which had been
dleged to himfelf by the Chancellor, He concluded
he Mifchief came from him, and was difpleafed ac-
rordingly, and complained to his Wife, *'that YitrrbiiyukifA
' Father fliould oppofe him in an Affair upon which -^^^

* He knew his Heart was fo much fet, and of which

* every Body took fo much Notice ;" which troubled
ber very much. And She very earneflly defired her
Father, *' that He would no more oppofe the Duke
'' in that Matter." He anfw^red her, " that She did
''not enough underftand the Confequence of that
" Affair ; but that He would take Notice to the
'' Duke of what She had faid, and give him the belt
" Anfwer He could." And accordingly He waited
upon the Duke, who very frankly confeffed to him,
" that He took it very unkindly, that He fhould fo
" pofitively endeavour to crofs a Defign fo honourable
" in itfelf, and fo much defired by the City of London i
^ and He was confident it would be very grateful to
**the Parliament, and that They would fupply the
**King with Money to carry it on, which would
** anfwer the chief Objeftion. That He was engaged
•*to purfue it, and He could not but be forry

"and

384 .^be Continuation of the Life of '

digious an Expenfe as could never be fupported \ had
put his Majefty to frequent Confultations how He
might leflen and fave any Part of it. But no Expe-(u
dient could be refolved upon. The Lord Treafurcr,
who was moft troubled when Money was wanted, had
many fecret Conferences with the General and with
the bell Seamen, of the Benefit that accrued to the
Crown by keeping of Dunkirk •, the conftant Charge
and Expenfe whereof amounted to above one hun-
dred and twenty thoufand Pounds yearly : And He
found by them that it was a Place of little Impor-
tance. It is true that He had conferred of it with
the Chancellor, with Whom He. held a faft Fricnd-
rheOancei' {hip ; but found him fo averfe from it^ that He re-
i^againfiit. fQived to fpeak with him no more, till the King had
taken fome Refolution. And to that Purpofc He
perfuaded the General to go with him to the King
and to the Duke of Tork^ telling them Both, " that
*'the Chancellor muft know Nothing of it:'* And
after feveral Debates the King thought it fo counfel-
lable a Thing, that He refolved to have it debated
before th^t Committee which He trufted in his moft
fecret Afiairs ; and the Chancellor being then lame of
the Gout, He commanded that all thofe Lords fhould
rheBujmefi attend him at his Houfe. Befide his Majefty himfclf
r^i^m^ ^^^ ^^^ Duke of Tork^ there appeared the Lord Trea-
furer, the General, the Earl of Sandwich, the Vice-
Chamberlain Sir George Carteret y who had been a great
Commander at Sea, and the two Secretaries of State.
When the King entered the Room with the Lord
Treafurer, He defired his Majefty, fmiling, "that
*'He would take the Chancellor's Staff from him,
** otherwife He would break his Head." When They
were all fate, the King told him, " They were all
" come to debate an Affair that He knew He was
** againft, which was the parting with Dunkirk ; but
" He did believe, when He had heard all that was
"laid for it and againft it. He would change his
•.* Mind, as He himfelf had done/' And fo the De-
bate

Edward Earl ^Clarendon, &c. 385

bite was entered into in this Method, after enough
Was faid oif the Streights the Crown was in, and what
the yearly Expenfe was.

(i.) "That the Profit which did or could accrue /?*»>» «rjW
"to the Kingdom by the keeping of Dunkirk was-^JJ)-^''^
^'very inconfiderable , whether in War or Peace.
*' That by Sea it was very little ufeful, it being no
** Harbour, nor having Place for the King's Ships
** to ride in with Safety ; and that if it were in the
** Hand of an Eneftiy, it could do us little Prejudice,
** bccaufe three or four Ships might block it upj and
** keep it from infefting its Neighbours : And that
** though heretofore it had been a Place of Licenfe at
** Sea, and had much obftrufted Trade by their Men
** of War, ydt that proceeded only from the Unfkil-
** fulnefs of that Time in applying proper Remedies
*' to it ; which was manifeft by CromweWs blocking
** them up, and reftraining them when He made War
♦* upon them, infomuch as all the Men of War left
** that Place, and betook themfelves to other Har-
** bours. That it was fo weak to the Land (notwith-
*• (landing the great Charge his Majefty had been at
**in the Fortifications, which were not yet finilhed)
** by the Situation and the Soil, that it required as
" many Men within to defend it, as the Army ftiould
** confift of that befieged it •, otherwife that it could
•• never hold out and endure a Siege of two Months :
** As it appeared clearly by its having been taken and .
*' retaken fo many Times within the late Years, in all
** which Times it never held out fo long, though
*• there was always an Army at no great Diftance to
"relieve it."

(2.) *' That the Charge 'of keeping and maintain-
** ing it, without any Accidents from the Attempt of
** an Enemy, did amount unto above one hundred and'
•* twenty thoufand Pounds by the Year, which was a
*5 Sunni the Revenue of the Crown could not fupply,*
••without leaving many other Particulars of much
« moffc Importance unprovided for." And this was

Vol. II. Cc not

3S6. The Continuation of tie Life of

not lightly or curforily urged ; but the State of thc(»3
Revenue, and the conftant and indifpenfablc Iflues,
were at the fame Tin?ie prefcntcd and carefully ex-
amined.

(j.) "It could not reafonably be believed, but
** that if Dunkirk was kept, his'Majefly would fliort-
"ly be involved in a War with one of tbc two.
** Crowns. The Spanift) Ambaflad^ur had already dc-
, ** manded Reftitution of it in Point of Juftice, il

*' having been taken from his Mafter by the late.
*'Ufurper, in a Time when there was not only a.
" Peac^ between his Majefly and the King of Spain^
•' but when his Majefty refided, and was entertained,
"by the Catbolick King, in Flanders: And at this
*' Time both France and Spain inhibited their Subjcfts.
** from paying thofe fmall Contributions to the Gar-
** rifon at Dunkirk^ and endeavoured to reftrain the.
** Governour himfelf from enjoying fome Privileges,
*' which had been always enjoyed by him froip the.
•' Time that it had been put into CromweWs Hands,"'
And it was upon this and many other Reafons then
conceived, "that as it would be very hard. for the.
•* King to preferve a Neutrality towards Both Crowns,
** even during the Time of the War between them"
(which Temper was thought very neceffary for his
Majefly's Affairs) ; " fo it would be much more diffi-
** cult long to avoid a War with one of them upon the
" keeping Dunkirk^ if the Peace that was newly made
•* fhould remain firm and unfhaken."

Upon thefe Reafons, urged and agreed upon by
thofe who could not but be thought very competent
Judges, in Refpedl of their feveral Profeflions and
me iSngn^ great Experience, the King rcfolved to eafe himfelf
^^^j\fj' of the infupportable Burden of maintaining Dunk^kf
and to part with it in fuch a Manner a$ might be.
moft for his Advantage and Benefit. There remained
then no other Queftion, than into what Hand tp put;
it : And the Mcafure of that was only who wouldl
give moft Money for it, there being no Inclinatioa,

'"■■■"''■''' ta

Edward £jr/ ^/^ Clarendon, fifr. ' 387

CO prefer one before another. It was enough undcr-
ftood, that Both Crowns would be very glad to have
it, and would probably Both make large Offers for it.
But it was then as* evident, that whatfoevcr France ^^fim jit
Ihould contraft for, the King would be fure to re--^^'"*
ceive, and the Bufinefs would be foon difpatched :
Whereas on the other Hand it was as notorious airid
evident to his Majefty, and to all who had any Know-
ledge of the Court of Spain], and of the ^Scarcity of
Money there and in Flanders \ that how large Offers
focver the Spaniard might make. They could not be
able in any Time to pay any confiderable Sum of^
Money; and that there would be fo much Time fpcnt
in Confult between Madrid and Brujfels before it could
be difpatched, that the keeping it fo long in his Ma-
jefty's Hands would in the Expenfc difappoint him of
a good Part of the End in parting with it; Befides-
that it feemed at that Tinie probable, that the Spa*
niard would fhprtly declare himfelf an Enemy; for
bcfides that He demanded D«r»^* as of Right, fa
He lifcewifc required the Reftitution of Tangier and
Jamericd' upon the lame Reafon, and declared " that *
** withbrit it there could be no lafting Peace between
^^ Englani-^nA Spain" and rcfufed fo much as to en-
ter upon a Treaty of AlKance with the King, before *
He ihookl-promife to make fuch a Reftitution.

TiHEitE wanted not in this Conference and Debate
tte Confideration of the States of the United ProvinceSy ^
as Perfohs like eftbugh to defire the Poflfcffioii of*^
Dukkirki fvdm whence They had formerly received fo '^
mbeh Damage, and were like enough to receive more*
wKcftfeVcr'it'hey (hbuld be engaged in any War : And*^
if''ifjTruth^They\fhould have any fuch Defire, tfiore"
Mohej^'might bcTiafonably required and probably be*
>obtairted^ftbm them*, than could be ex^efted from
cither of ^the Kings. But upon the Difcuflion of that^
I'blnt, it iiid appear t6 every Man'5 Reafon very ma-
nSftfti.thk though They had rather th^t Dunkirk
ffl6uki'^bt pttt into the Hands of the Spaniard than
- * C c 2 delivered

388 l^e Conti?iuation of the Life of .

delivered to France^ or than it fliould be detained by
the Englijh', yet They durft not receive it into their
own Poffcflion, which neither of the two Crowns*
would have approved of, and (o it would have ex-
pofed them to the Difpleafure if not to the Hoftility
of Both the Kings.

Upon this rull Deliberatbn, his Majefty inclined
rather to give it up to France than to Spain ; but de-
ferred any pofitive Rcfolution till He had imparted
^i^utiT ^^^ whole Matter to the Gouncil-Board, where the
^JJJcjL. Debate was again refumed, principally, "whether it
"^ *'were more counfellable to keep it at £0 vaft a

"Charge, or to part with it for a good Sum of
**. Money." And in that Debate the Mention of what
had been heretofore done in the Houfe of Commons
upon that Subjedl was not omitted^ nor the Bill that
They had fent up to the Houfe of Peers for annexing
it infeparably to the Crown : But that was not thought
of Moment -, for as it had been fuddenly entertained
in the Houfe of Commons, upon the Spanijh Ambaf-
fadour*s firft Propofition for the Reftitution, fo it was
looked upon in the Houfe of Peers as unfit in itfclf,
and fo laid afide after once being read (which had
been in the firft Convention foon after the King's Re-
turn), and fo expired as foon as it was born. After
a long Debate of the whole Matter at the Council-
Board, where all was averred concerning the Ufe-
leflhefs and Weaknefs of the Place, by thole who had
^nnttmiy faid it at the Committee ; there was but one Lord of
^ofpofait. ^^^ Council who offered his Advice to the King
againft parting with it : And the Ground of that
Lord's diflenting, who was the Earl of St. jUioMSf
was enough underftood to have Nothing of pubUck
in it, but to draw the Negotiation for it into his own
Hands. In Conclufion, his Majefty refolvcd to put
it into the Hand of France^ if that King would com-
ply with his Majefty*s Expediation. in the Payment of
fo much Money as He would require for it : And a
Way was found out, that the }Cing might privately

be

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 389

jbe advertifed of that his Majefty's Refolution, if He
(hould have any Defire to deal for it.

The Adveftifement was very welcome to the French
King •, who was then refolved to vifit Flanders as foon
as He (hould know of the Death of the King of Spaitf^ '
which was expefted every Day. Nor had He defer-
red it till then, upon the late Affront his Ambafla-
dour had received at London froti) the Spanijh Am-'
ba0adour (who by a contrived and laboured Strata-
gem had got the Precedence for his Coach before the
other J which the King of France received wixh that
Indignation, that He fent prefently to demand Juftici^
at Madrid^ commanded his Ambafladour to retire from
thence, and would not fufFer the Spanijh Ambafladour
to remam in Faris till He fliould have Satisfaftion,
and was refolved to tave begun a War upon it), if
the King of Spain had not acknowledged the Fault of .
his Ambafladour, and under his Hand declared the
Precedence to belong to France ; which Declaration
was fent to the Courts of all Princes : And fo for the
prefent that Spark of Fire was extinguifted or rather
raked up.

The King fent M. B'^Eftrades privately to London tg Mnnfieur
treat about Dunkirk^ without any Charader, but prer j^f^f"^
tending to make it his Way to Holland^ whither HtfrtataUuttbt
was defigned Ambafladour. After He had waite4^'^"'*
upon the King, his Majefty appointed four or five of
the Lords of his Council, whereof the Chancellor an4
Treafurer and General were three, to treat with
M. UEJirades for the Sale of Dunkirk ; when thp firft
Conference was (pent in endeavouring to perfuade hinj
o5)to make the firil Offer for the Price, which He could
not be drawn to : So that the King's CommiflTioners
were obliged to make their Demand. And They
aiked the Sum of feven hundred thoufand Pounds /

Sterlings to be paid upon the Delivery of Dunkirk and
Mardike into the PofleflTion of the King of France j
which Sum appeared to him to be fo ftupendous,
that He feemed to think the Treaty at an End, and

C c 3 refolved

390 The Continuation of the Life of

refolvcd to make no Offer at all on the Part of his
Matter. And fo the Conference brake up.

At the next Meeting He offered there Millions of
UvreSy which according to the common Account
'amounted to three hundred thoufand Piftoksy which
the King's Commiflioners as much undervalued; b
that any farther Conference was difcontinucd, till He
had fent an Exprefs or two into France^ and till their
Return : For as the Expeftation of a great Sum of
' ready Money was the King's Motive to part with it,
befiaes the faving the monthly Charge ; fo They con-
cluded that his Neceflities would oblige him to part
with it at a moderate Price. And after the Return
of the Expreffes, the King's Commiflioners infilling
ftill upon what UEJirades thought too much, and
He offering what They thought too little, the Treaty
feemed to be at an End, and He prepared for his
Return, In Conclufion, his Majefty being fully as
defirous to part with it as the King of France could
ntPritt be to have it, it was agreed and concluded, **that
0gFiedufm. « yp^j^ ^j^^ Payment of five hundred thoufand PifioUs
*' in Specie at Calais to fuch Perfons as the King fliould
*' appoint to receive it, his Majefty's Garrifon of Dun-
** kirk and Mardike Ihould be withdrawn, and thofe
** Places put into the Hands of the King of France :"
All which was executed accordingly. And without
Doubt it was a greater Sum of Money than was ever
paid at one Payment by any Prince in Cbrijiendcm,
upon what Occafion foevcr j and every Body feemed
very glad to fee fo vaft a Sum of Money delivered
into the Tower of London^ as it was altogether ; the
King at the fame Time declaring, " that no Part of
*' it fi^ould be applied to any ordinary Occafion, but
** be preferved for fome prefling Accident, as an In-
** fqrredion or the like," which was reafonably enough
apprehended.
^vinScatitm Nor was there the Icaft Murmur at this Bargain in
tJuhlbu ^^ ^^c Seflions of the Parliament which fate after,
-^'•. wntil it fell oqt to fpmc Men's Purpofes to reproach

the

Edward EarJ of Clarendon, C^c. 391

the Chariccllor : And then They charged him " wittx
** advifing the Sale of Dunkirk, and that the very Ar-
•'tillery, Attimunition and Stores amounted to ^
** greater Value than the King received fdt the
**WHdle;" when upon in Eftimate that had beeti
takeii of all thofe, they were not efteemed to be more
li^orth than twenty thouftnd Pounds Sterling \ and the
Confideration of thbft, when the King's Commiflioa-
fefs ihfifted upon their being all Ihipped for England^
arid the Neceffity of keeping them upon the Place
where they wel-e, had prevailed with M. jyEftrades to
confent to that Sum* of five hundred thoUfand Pijtoles.
But whether the Bargain was ill or well njade, there
could be no Fault imputed to the Chancellor, who
had no mo^e tp do in the Tranfa6iion than is before fet
down, the whole Matter having been fo long delibcr
rated aqd fb fylly debated. Nor dicj He ever before^
ffv \h; 6r after the Ti^drifaaion, receive the Value of
Half a Crown for Rewafd or Prefent, or any other
Confirferation relating to that Affair : And the Treat-
ment He received after his coming into France -^z^
Evidence enough, that that King never thought himr
ielf beholden to him.

A LITTLE before this Time^ the Queen Mdyhtr iu ^:yn
returned again for England, having difbUrfed a great f^^^j/'^
Sum of Money in making a noble Addition to her ^'JLT/v"
Palace of Somerfet-Houfe. With the Queen there '''''^"e^-
>^)came over a Youth of about ten or a do^en Years of
Age, who was called by thie Name of Mr. Crofts^ ber
caufe the Lord Crofts had been trufted to take Care
of his Breeding ; bpt He was generally thpusht to be
the King's Son, begotten upon a private IVeUbwvmak
of no good Fame, but handfome, who had tranibort-
ed' herfelf to the Hdgue^ when the King was firft there,
with a Defign to obtain that Honour, which'a Groon^
of the bedchamber willingly preferred her to ; and
there it was this Boy was born. The Mother lived
afterwards for fome Years in France in the King's
Sijght, and ^t laft loft his Majefty's Favour: Yet

the

392 The Continuation of the Life of

the King defined to have the Son delivered to hjiHt
that He might take Care of his Education, which
She would not confent to. At laft the Lord Crofts

fot him into his Charge -, and the Mother dying at
^aris^ He had the fole Tuition of him, and todc
Care for the breeding him fuitable to the Quality of
a very good Gentleman. And the Queen after fomc
Years came to know of it, and frequently had him
brought to her, and ufed him with much Grace ; and
upon the King's Dcfire brought him with her from
Paris into England^ when He wa3 about twelve Year$
of Age, very handfome, and performed thofe Excr-
cifes gracefully which Youths of that Age vSfd to
learn in France. The King received him with extra-
ordinary Fondnefs, and was willing that every Body
ihould believe him to be his Son, though He did not
yet make any Declaration that He looked upon him
as fqch, otherwife than by his Kindnefs and Fami-
liarity towards him. He afligned a liberal MaintCr
nance for him ; but took not that Care for a ftrid
Breeding of him as his Age required.

The General, during the Tinie of his Comniand
in Scotland^ had Acquaintance with a Lady of much
Honour there, the Countefs of fFeemes, who had been
before the Wife of the Earl of Bucdeucby and by hin)
had one only Daughter, who inherited his very great
Eftate and Title, and was called the Countefs of Btu*
cleucby 2i Child of eight or ten Years of Age. All
Men believed, that the General's Purpofe was to get
this Lady for his own Son, a Match fuitable enough:
But the Time being now changed, the Lord Lautber-:
daky being a good Courtier, thought his Country-
woman might be much better married, if She were
given to the King for this Youth, towards whom He
icxpreflcd fo much Fondnefs, thofe Kinds of Extrac-
tions carrying little Difadvantage with them in Sc9t»
land v and the General, whatever Thoughts He had
before, would not be fo ill a Courtier as not to ad-
yance fuch a Propofition. The Lady was already
''■■--- -^ 14

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 393

iR Poffcffion of the greateft Fortune in Scotland^ whick
would have ^ fair Addition upon the Death of her
Mot,hcr.

The King liked the Motion well j and fo the Mo-
thcr was fcnt to, to bring up her Daughter to London^
They being then Both in Scotland. And when They
came, the King trufted the Earl of Lautherdale prin-
cipally to treat that Affair with the Mother, who had
rather have been referred to any other Body, having
indeed fome juft Exceptions. They were Both yetj^/icw-
under the Years of Confent j but that Time drawing g^^/!/** ^
on, fuch a Contrad was drawn up as had been firftsucdraciu
propofed to the King, which was, "that. the whole
*' Eilate, for Want of liTue by the young Lady, or
*' by her Death, fhould be devolved upon the young
*' Man who was to marry her, and his Heirs iar
**ever; and that this fhould be fettled by Aft of
*' Parliament in Scotland.^* Matters being drawn te
this Length, and Writings being, to be prepared, it
was now neceflary that this young Gentleman muft
have a Name, and the Scots Advocate had. prepared a
Draught, in which He was flyled the King's natural
Son : And the King was every Day prefled by the
great Lady, and thofe young Men who knew the
)Cufloms of France^ to create him a Nobleoian of Eng^
land ; and w^ indeed very willing to be advifed to
that Purpofe. .

Till this Time, this whole. Matter was treated inrheKi^^am^
fecret amongfl the Scots : But now the King thought^^'^^^
fit to confult it with others ; and telling the Chancellor tbis Son.
of all that had pafl:, fhewed him t^e Draught prepared
by the Scots Advocate, ^nd afked him *'what He
** thought of it,** and likewife implied, " that He
^* thought fit to give him fome Title of Honour.*'
After He had read it over. He told his Majetty,
** that He need not give him any other Title of H,o-7i*cw/*
"nbur than He would enjoy by his Marriage, by ^''^*''**'*
*' which He would by the Law of Scotland be called
f * Earl of ^ucckucb^ which would be Title enough ;

' "and

394 ^^^ Cdnttnuatton of the Life tf

' and He defircd his Majcfty to pardon him, if He found
Fault with and difliked the Title They had given
^ him who prepared that Draught, wherein They had
^ prefumed to ftile him the King's natural Son, which
' was never, at leaft, in many Ages, ufed in England^
'and would have an ill Sound in England with dl his

• People, who thought that thofe unlawful Acts ought
'to be concealed, and not publiflied and juftified.
^ That Prance indeed had, with Inconvenience enough
' to the Crown, raifed fome Families of thofe Births;
' but it was always from Women of great Quality,
' and who had never been tainted with any other Fa-
'miliarity. And that there was another Circum-
' ftance required in Spainy which his Majefty Ihould
' do well to obferve in this Cafe, if He had taken a
^ Refolution in the Main ; which was, that the King
' took Care for the good Education of that Child whom
' He believed to be his, but never publickly owned
' or declared him to be fuch, till He had given feme

• notable Evidence of his inheriting or having ac-
^ quired fuch Virtues and Qualities, as made him in
•the Eyes of all Men worthy of fuch a Defccnt.

• That this Gentleman was yet young, and not yet

• to be judged of: And therefore if He were for the

• prefent married to this young Lady, and affumcd
her Title as He muft do, his Majefty might defer
for fome Years making any fuch Declaration;
which He might do when He would, and which

^ at prefent would be as unpopular an Aftion in the
^ Hearts of his Subje6ts as He could commit."
Though the King did not feem to concur in ail
that was faid. He did not appear at all offended,
and only aflced him, " whether He had not conftr-
** red with the Queen his Mother upon that Subjcft "
When He affurcS him, " He had not, nor with any
*^ other Perfon, and though He had heard fome
** general Difcourfe of his Majefty's Purpofe to make
•* that Marriage, He had never heard either of the
^* other Particulars mentioned 5" the King faid, **He

"had

Edward Earl of CLA&JBiirDON^ tSc. ; 395

^ had Reafon to dk the Queftion, becaufe many of
^' thofe Things which He had faid had been Ipoken
** to him by the Queen hii Motlier, who was entirdy
** of his Opinion, whi<^ She ufed not to be ;** and
concluded, " that He would confer with them ti^e-
** ther," feeming for the preiept to be more moved
and doubtful in the Matter of the Declaration, than
in the other of the Creation \ and faid, " there was
"no Reafon, fince She brought all the Eftate, that
** She (hould receive no Addition by her Hufband/'
The Queen afterwards took an Occafion to fpeak at
large to the Chancqlbr of it with much Warmth,
and Manifeftation that She did not like it. But the ruiang
King fpake with neither of them afterwards upon it, ^^*^
but figned the Declaration, and created him to bt crmtnhm
Duke of Monmouth j very few Perfons difluading it^ 2^^?^'
and the Lady employing all her Credit to bring tt
to p^rs : And the Earl of hrifiol (who. in th6ie> diffi-
cult Cafes was ufually confulted) prcfled tt as the
only Way to make th^ King's Friendflup valuable;

S I ^ c ¥ the Earl of Jiri^l is mentk>ned upon this
dccafion, it will not be unieafonable to give him the
next P^rt in this Relation* Though He had left no
Way unattempted to render himfelf gracbus to the
King, by faying and doing all that naight be accept-
able unto him, and contriving fuch Meetings and
Jollities as He was plea&d with; and though his
Majefty had been feveral Ways very bountiful to
him^ and had particularly given him at one Time
ten thoufand Pounds in Money, with which He had
pyrchaied WinibUdon of the (^leen, and had given
\iva^ A/bdawn^Foreft and other Lands in Suffex : Yet
He found He had not that Degrei? of Favour and
Intereft in the King's. AflfeSions, aa He dcfired, ot
defired that, other Pc»pk fhould think He had. Thii
Ch^ge of hjus Religion kept him from bein^g admit-
ted to thfi Council, or to any Employment of Ma-
menu And •whereas He made no I>Dubt of draw-
HDg the yfhok, Depetidaocfl of tbe^ Roman ^ Catholicks

upon

jijij Tie Continuation of the Ufe of

upon himfelf, and to have the Difpofal of that In-
tcrefl, and to that Purpofc had the Jefuits firm to
•him ; He found that He had no Kind of Credit with
ithcm, nor was admitted by them to their moft fecret
Confultations, and that the Fathers of the Society
had more Enemies than Friends amongft the Ca-
tbolicks.

H I s Eftate had been fold and fettled by his own
Confent, upon the Marriage of his eldeft Son twice
to great Fortunes : So that when He returned from
beyond the Seas, He could not return to his Eftate
as others did, and had little more to fubfifl: upon than
the King's Bounty ; and that was not poured out up-
on him in the Meafure He wiftied, though few Per-
fons tafted more of it. He was in his Nature very
covetous, and ready to embrace all Ways that were
ofiered to get Money, whether honourable or no, for
•He had not a great Power over himfelf, and could
jiot bear Want, which He could hardly avoid, for
He was nothing provident in his Expenfes, when He
had any Temptation from his Ambition or Vanity.
Befides, his Appetite to Play and Gaming, in which
He had no Skill, and by which He had all his Life
fpent whatever He could get, was not at all abated.
He fpent as much Money at fVimbledon in building
and gardening, : as the Land was worth.

B Y all thefe Means He found himfelf in Streights,

which He coqld neither endure nor get from, and

which tranfported him to that Degree, that He re-

folved to treat the King in another Manner than He

had ever yet prefumed to do. And having afked

fomewhat of him that his Majefty did not think fit to

neEi^Jof grant. He told him, "He knew well the Caufe of

^!J^]!*^ " ^^^ withdrawing his Favour from him ; that it

Be&iwW/o ^\ proceeded only from the Chancellor, who governed

tfftKh^. a Y{y^ ^j managed all his Affairs, whilft himfelf

*' fpent his Time only in Pleafures aad Debauchery:*'

And in this Paflion upbraided him with many Ex-

cf iles, to which no Man had contributed more th^n

EDWAfcii Eart g/" Clarendon, 6?r. %^i

He had done. He faid many Truthsl Which ought
to have been more modeftly and decently mendoried,
and all diis in the Prefence of the Loi^ Aubigny^ who
was as much furprifed as the King ; and concluded,
*' that if He did not give him Satisfaction within fuch
** a Time" ( the Time allowed did not exceed four
and twenty Hours), "He would do fomewhat that
^^ would awaken him out of his Slumber, and make
** him look better to his own Bufinefs -,** and added
many Threats againft the Chancellor. The King
ftood all this Time in fuch Confufion, that though
He gave him more fliarp Words than were natural
to him. He had not that Prefentnefs of Mind (as He
afterwards accufed himfelf ) as He ought to have
had ; and faid, "He ought prefently to have called
*' for the Guard," it being in his own Clofet, ** and
" fent him to the ^ower**

The Court and the Town was full of the Dif.
courfe that the Earl of Briftol would accufe the Chan-
cellor of High Treafon, who knew Nothing of what
had paffcd with the King. And it fcems when the
Time was pafled that He prcfcribed to the King to
give him Satisfaftion, He came one Morning to the
Houfe of Peers with a Paper in his Hand ; and told
the Lords, "that He could not but obferve, that^^faiif
*• after fo glorious a Return with which God had 5?^^^
** blefled the King and the Nation, fo that all the Tm»>u
*• World had expcftcd, that the Profperity of the
** Kingdom would have far exceeded the Mifery and '
*• Adverfity that it had for n^any Years endured ;
•* and after the Parliament had contributed more to-
" wards it, than ever Parliament had done : Not-
** withftanding all which, it was evident to all Men,
♦* and lamented by thofe who wifhed well to his Ma-
•*jefty, that his Affairs grew every Day worfe and
*' worfe ; the King himfelf loft much of his Honour,
*' and the Affeftion He had in the Hearts of the '
•' People. That for his Part He looked upon it with
^ as much Sadnefs as any Man, and had made En-

" quiry

J^66 • ^he' Continuation of the Life of

^^upon them as a Libel againft himfelf more than i
^ Charge agiinft the Chancellor, who upOn his Know-
•' ledge was innocent in all the Particulars charged
*• upon him ;** which Report the Lord Chamberkin
made the next Morning to the Houfe : And at the
lame Time the jfxidges declared their Opinion unani-
ihoufly, ".that the whole Chai'ge contained Nothing
** of Treafon though it were all true.** Upon which
the Earl of Brijiol^ cfpecially upon what the Lord
Chamberlain had reported from the King, appe;tred
in great Confufion, and lamented his Condition,
*^that He, for endeavouring to ferve his Country
** upon the Impulfion of his Confcience, was dif-
" countenanced, and threatened with the Anger and
*' Difpleafure of his Prince ; whilft his Adveriary
*^ kept his Place in the Houfe, and had the Judges
*• fo much at his Devotion that They would not ccr-
" tify againft him. ** The Chancellor moved the
Houfe, "that a (hort Day might be given to the
*' Earl, to bring in his Evidence to prove the fcveral
'* Matters of his Charge -, otherwife that He might
*' have fuch Reparation, as was in their Judgments
*• proportionable to the Indignity.** The Earl faid,
*' He fhould not fail to produce Witnefles to prove
" all He had alleged, and more : But that He could
*• not appoint a Time when He could be ready for
*' a Hearing, becaufe many of his moft important
*' Witnefles were beyond the Seas, fome at Paris^
" and others in other Places-, and that He muft
*' examine the Duke of Ormond who was Lieutenant
** in Ireland^ and the Earl of Lautherdale who was
** then in Scotland, and muft defire Commiflioners to
« that Purpofe.*'
^n^etmUf But from that Day He made no farther Inftance:
j^^**" And underftanding that the King had given War-
^iGng't rants to a Sergeant at Arms to apprehend him. He
^^^J^ concealed himfelf in feveral Places for the Space of
Ik. near two Years ; fending fometimes Letters and Pe-

titions by his Wife to the King, who would not re-
ceive

Edwarp E^^r/ g^ Clarendon, &c. 40 j

ccive them. But in the End his Majefty was pre*
vailed with by the Lady and Sir Harry Betmet fo fea
him in private; but would not admit him to come tq
the Court, nor repeal his Warrants for his Apprehen-
fion : So that He appeared not publickly tiU the
Chancellor's Misfortune ; and then He came to thf
Court and to the Parliament in great Triumph, ancj
(hewed a more impotent Malice than was expe<5le4
from his Generofity and Undcrftanding.

Wb (hall in the next Place take zVkvf of Scptland^ ^Tbej^mnof
whither We left MddUton fent the King's Commifr ^'^'**"^
fioner, who performed his Part with wonderful Dexter
rity and Conduft, and with more Succefs than iomc
")of his Countrymen were pleafed with. We hav^ re*
membered before the Debate upon his Inibu^ions,
and the earneft Advice and Caution given by Lautber'-
dak againft any hafty Attempt to make Alteration in
the Matters of the Church, which was at laft left tQ
the Difcretion of the Commiflioner, to proceed in
fuch a Manner, and at fuch a Time, as He found
moft convenient. As fbon as He came thither, He 72« Ommt/*
found himfelf received with as imiverfal an Exdkma^-^?^
tion, and the King^s Authority as cheerfully fubmit-
ted to, as can be imagined or could be wilhed ; and
fuch a Confent to every Thing He propofed, that He
made no Queflion but any Thing his Msyefty required
Would find an entire Obedience. The Earl of Gkn^
came who was Chancellor, and the Earl of Rstbet^
and all the Nobility of any Intercfl: pr Credit, were
not only faithful to the King but faft Friends tp
MiddUton^ and magnified his Conduct in all their
Letters.

Thb Earl of Crawford abne who was Treafurer-,
which is an Office that cannot be unattended by a
great Faction in that Kingdom, retained fliU his
rigid Affeftion for the Presbytery, when the Minifters
themfelves grew much lefs rigid, and were even
afhamed of the many Fdlies and Madnefles They
had committed But the Earl of Crawford did all

Vol II. Dd He

402 • ^je Continuation of the Life of

He couM to raife their Spirits, and to keep them
firm to the Kirk. In all other Particulars He was
full of Devotion to the King, being entirely of the
Faction of Hamlteny and nearly allied to it ; and
when the King was in Scotland had ferved him fig-
nally, and had then been made by him High Trca-
furer of that Kingdom ; and upon Cromwelfs prevail-
ing and Conjunftion with Ar^'le^ was as odious as
any Man to them Both, and had for many Years
been Prifoner in England till the Time of the King's
Return. There was always a great Friendfhip be*
tween him and Lautherdale ; the former being a Man
of much the greater Intereft, and of unqueltionablc
Courage ; the other excelling him in all the Faculties
which are neceflary to Bufmefs, and being a Mafter
in Diflimulation.

' MIDDLETONj and the Lords who went with him,
and the General ( upon whofe Advice the King de-
pended as much in the Bufmefs of Scotland) were all
carneft with his Majefty to remove the Earl of Cnrjj-
:"' ' 'ford from that great Office, which would enable him
*V...;.. to do Mifchief. But the King's good Nature pre-
vailed over him, though He knew him as well as
They did : And He thought it too hardhearted a
Thing to remove a Man, whom He found a Prifoner
for his Service, from an Office He had formerly con-
ferred upon him for his Merit, and which He had
xiot forfeited by any Mifcarriage. And it may be it
was fome Argument to him of his Sincerity, that
when others, who to his Majefty's own Knowledge
"Were as ngid.PreJbyterians as He, were now very frank
in renouncing and difclaiming all Obligations from
it. He of all the Nobility was the only Man who
.ilill adhered to it, when it was evident to him that
He (hould upon the Matter be undooe by it- How-
ever the King fent him down with the reft into Scot-
Jandj being confident, that He would do Nothing to
•diflcrve him, as in Truth He never did; and refolvcd
.that, when the Bufinefs of the Church came to be

. agitated.

Edward Earl of Clarehdon, &c. 403

agitated, if He did continue ftill refraftory, He would
take the Staff from him, and confer it upon Middle-
ton : Who, though all things were very fair between
him and Lautherdale^ to whom all his Dilpatches muft
be addreflcd, yet depended more upon thofe of thr
Englijb Council, to whom the King had required the
Secretary to communicate all that He received from
the Commiflioner, and all the Difpatches which He
(hould make to him. And by this Means no Orders
were fent from the King which reftrained him from
2)proceeding in the Matter of the Church according to
Difcretion, as He was appointed by his Inftrudlions •>
though Lautberdale did not diflemble, when Letters
came from Scotland " of the good Pofture the King's
*' Affairs were in there, and that any Thing might be
" brought to pafs that He defired," to receive other
Letters to wliich He gave niorc Credit j and was ftill
as folicitous that Nothing might be attempted with
Reference to the Kirk.

A s fbon as the Parliament was convened at Edin- Pncte^ff
hurgbj and the Commiflioner found the Temper of^^^^^
them to be fuch as He could wilh, the Marquis of
Argyle^ (who had been fent by Sea from the "Tower of
London to Leitb) was brought to his Trial upon many ru Marfm
Articles of Treafon and Murder •, wherein all his Con- 2^^^
federacies with Cr^/w-o;^// were laid open, and much<^i««<w«'«/
infifted upon to prove his being privy to the Refolu- ' '
tion of taking the King's Life, and advifing it : And
though there was great Reafon to fufped it, and moft
Men believed it, the Proofs were not clear enough
to convid him. But then the Evidence was fo full
and clear of fo many horrid Murders committed by
his Order upon Perfons in his Difpleafure, and his
immediate poflfefllng himfelf of their Eftates, and
other monftrous and unheard of A6ls of Oppreflion ;
that the Parliament condemned him to be hanged
upon a Gallows of an unufual Height, and in or near
the Place where He had caufed the Marquis of Moun*
trofe to be formerly exeaited : All which was per-

D d 2 formed

404 ^^ Continuation of the Life of

formed the fame Day with the univerial Joy of the
People \ the unfortunate Perlbn himfelf (hewing more
Refolution and Courage than was expefted from him ;
and exprefllng much Affeftion and Zeal for the Cfrut-
nanty for which He defired all Men fhould belieyc
cuapfy a He was put to Death. There was likewife one fediti-
^^a ea- ^yg Preacher, Gilapfy^ who had been a notorious and
malicious Rebel againft the laft and the prefent King,
underwent the fame TriaLand Judgment, with the
fame Faith in the Cruenant^ and witliout Shew of Rc»
pentance. And it was much wondered at, that no
more of that Tribe, which had kindled the Fire that
had almoft burned two Kingdoms, jind never had en-
deavoured to cxtinguifh it, were ever brought to Juf-
tice ; and that the Lives of two Men (hould be thought
k iufficient Sacrifice for that Kingdom to offer for all
the Mifchief it had done.

When this Work was done, the Parliament with-
out Hefitation repealed all thofe Ads prejudicial to
the Crown and the Royal Dignity, which had been
made fince the Beginning of the Rebellbn, and up-
on which all the Rebellions had been founded ; and
branded their htlovtd Covenant with all the Reproaches
it deferved, and this even with the Confent and Ap-
probation of the General Affembly of the Kirk. By
all which the Obftruftions were removed ; and it was
now in the Pbwer of the King to make Biihc^s as
heretofore, and to fettle the Church in the fame Go-
vernment to which it had formerly been fubjeft. But
the Commifiioner thought not this enough j and ap-
prehended that the King might yet be perfuaded,
though there was no fuch Appearance, "that the
" People were againft it, and that it would be better
riiParBa^ ** to defer it :" And therefore the Parliament prcpar-
iT/^JT ^ * Petition to the King, highly aggravating the
r^i^Rfif" Wickednefs of the former Time in deftroying Epif-
'^^' copacy, without which They could not have brought
their wicked Devices to pafs ; and therefore They
were humble Suitors to his Majefty, " that He wouM

** make

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Gf<r. 405

*' make Choice of fuch grave Divines, as He thought
**fit to be confecrated Bifliops, for all the vacant
**Sees," they beiiig at that Time all vacant, thec«
being not one Biihop of the Nation alive.
«3) And the Commiffioner having declared that He "^J^^
meant to prorogue the Parliament, They appointed rf^^o^
a Draught of an Oath or Subfcription to be prepared «»nt.
againft the next Seffion, whereby every Man, whp
was poffefled of a Church or any other Ecclefiaftical
Promotion in that Kingdom, fhould be bound to ret-
Dounce the Cowmant upon the Penalty of being de-
prived i intimating likewifc, that They relblved, at
the next Meeting ^^ that no Man 0iould be capable
*' oi holding any Office, or of being a Privy Coun-
^'fcllor, who would not formally fubfcribe the

Thby fettled a ftanding Militia (rf forty thoufand Anijdtkn
Men, to be always ready to march upon the King^s^^^
Orders.! and raifed two good Troops of Horfe, and
provided for the Payment of them -, and granted fuch
a Sum of Money to the King, as could be reafonably
expefted from fo poor and harrafled a Country, and
which would ferve the defraying the neceflary Eu-
genics thereof. And all this being done, and the t^^ Cwwff/:
Prorogation made, the Commiffioner and Ibme of the^*L^4^r'
other I^rds came to London to kifs the King's Hand,
;and to receive his farther Direftions, having fo fully
difpatched all his former Orders. They brought
Jiikewife with them fome other Propofitions, which
will be mentioned anon.

The King received the Commiffioner with open
Arms, and was very well pleafed with all that He
had done ; and Nobody feemed to magnify it more
than JLataherdaky who was leaft fatisfied with it. Nor
could He now longer oppofe the making of Bifliops
there : So having prefented the Names of fuch Pen-
fons to the King who were thought fit to be confe-
crated Bilhops, whereof fomc had teen with his Ma-
jefty abroad, They were all fent for to London-, and fuch

Dd 3 of

4o6 The Continuation of the Life of

of them who had not before received their Ordination
from a Bifliop, but from the Preftytery in Scotland^
Scotch A', whereof the Archbilhop of 5/. Andrews was one, firft
^^^ received Orders of Deacon and Priefl: from the Bilhop
of London^ and were afterwards confecrated in the
ufual Form by the Bifhops who were then near the
Town, and made fo great- a Feaft as if it had been
at the Charge of their Country.

The Commiflioner, the Chancellor, the Earl of
Rothes and others, with the Lord Lautberdak^ were
deputed by the Parliament to be humble Suitors to
the King ; " fince They had performed on their Part
*' all that was of the Duty of good Subjefts, and were
^* ready to give any other Teftimony of their Obc-
*' dience that his Majefty would require -, and fince
*' the whole. Kingdom was entirely at his Devotion,
*' and in fuch a Pofture that They were able as well
" as willing to preferve the Peace thereof, and to fup-
** prefs any feditious Party that fhould atteftipt any
^Scotch cc Difturbance -, that his Majefly would now remove
EngiifliCjr-" the £»g'/(/i& Garrifons from thence, and permit the
wOd^n, "Fortifications and Works, which had been erefied
* ♦'at a vaft Charge, to be demoliflied, that there
♦' might remain no Monuments of the Slavery They
*' had undergone." And this They demanded as in
Juftice due to them, " fince there were few Men now
*' alive, none in the leafl: Power, who had contributed
'* to the Ills which had been committed ; and all the
^' Men of Power had undergone for ten or a dozen
** Years as great Oppreflion as could be put upon
^* them, becaufe They would not renounce their Fi-
** delity to the King : And fince it had pleafed God
" to reftore his Majefl:y, They hoped He would not
*^ continue thofe Yokes and Shackles upon them,
** which had been prepared and put upon them
" to keep them from returning to their Alle-
*' giance."

This was propofed in the Prefence of thofe of
the Englifb Council, who had been formally admitted

to

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 407

to be of the Council of Scotland^ and continued to -
meet upon that Affair. The Scots Lords enlarged

»4)with much Warmth " upon the intolerable Oppreffion
" that Nation had undergone, on the Poverty They
** ftill fuffered, and the Impoflibility of being able to
*' bear any Part of the Charge, and the Jealoufy that
** it would keep up between the Nations, which could
*^ not be to the King's Profit and Convenience.'*
They had privately fpoken before with the King upon
it, and had prevailed with him to think what They
dcfired had Reafon and Juftice in it ; and the Englijh
Lords could not upon the fudden, and without Con-»
fcrencc together^ refolve what was fit for them to
fay : So that They defired, withowt exprefling any
Inclination in the Matter, "that the Debate might
" be put off to another Day •/' which the Scots tooli
very ill, as if the very deferring in were an Argument
that They thought it might be denied. But when
They faw They would not prefently fpeak to it. They
were content that another Day fhbujd be appointed
for the Confideratibn of it : And They afterwards
defired the King, " that He would call the Commit-
** tee of the £«^/^ Council, who ufed to attend him
** in the moft fecret Affairs, to confuk what was to
*' be done." Nobody could deny but that the Scots
had Reafon to demand it. And They who thought
it a Bridle fit to keep in their Mouths, to reftraia
them from future Rebellions which They might be
inclined to, could not eafily refolve what Anfwer
fhould be given to them in the Negative. And They
who thought the Demand to be fo juft and reafonable,
and fo much for the King*s Benefit and Advantage,
that it ought to be granted, did believe likewife that
it was a Thing fo capable of Cenfure and Reproach,
in Regard of the general Prejudice which the Englijl^
have againft that People, that no particular Perlbn
was able to bear the Odium of the Advice •, nor that
the King himfelf Ihould take the Refolution upon

. iumfelf without very mature Deliberation.

That

4o8 ^he Continuatwn of the Life of

Scmuciram' That which advanccd the Propofition as fit to be
•^^^^y granted, was the Charge of maintaining thofc Forces;
R'f^. which that Kingdom was fo incapable of bcauing)
that Middleton and Glencame (whofe Duties and cn-
. tire Devotion to the King were above all Exception
Or Sufpicion ) declared not only to the King, but to
thofe of. the Lords with whom They would confer
freely, ^* that if the King thought it neceffary to keep
^vifhat People ftiU there, He muft fend more Forces
•* of Horfe and Foot thither ; othcrwife They were
^*not ftrong enough to fubdue the. whole Kingdom,
** but would as foon as They ftirred out of their Gar-
^^rifons be knocked in the Head} nor would the
** Country pay any Thing towards their Support, l^ut
** what fhould be extorted by Force : So that his ftfe-
•* jefty would not be thought to poflefs that Kingdom
^' in Peace, which otherwife He would unqueftion-
« ably do.'*

And this Confideration was improved by the Re- '
fleftion upon the Body of Men of which thofe Forces
confifted^ which was a Parcel of the worft afieftcd
Men to the King of the whole Army, and which the
General had therefore left in5^^/iii«^whenHe marched
intoEngland^un&tr theCommand of MajorGeneralAf^r.
gan (who was worthy of any Truft), becaufe He was not
fure enoughof their Fidelity to take them with him, yet
thought them fit enough to be left to reftrain the ScoU
from any fudden Infurrcftion. But now They faw aU
their Model brought to Confijfion, They were not ib
much above Temptation, but that They might, et
peciaUy if They were drawn together, concur in any
defperate Defign with a difcontended Party in Scot/mid^
or with their Brethren of the disbanded Army of
England^ who at that Seafon had rebellious Refblu-
tions in the North. And which was of no fmall Im*
^rtance, there was at this very Time an Opportuni-
ty to tranfport all thofe Forces (the very diftnmdingcus;
whereof would not be without Danger for the Rcafons

afore-

Edward Earl of CLARENDoiN, Gfr. 409

aforcfaid) to Portugal^ in Compliance with the King's
Obligation upon his Marriage.

On the contrary, it was very notorious that the
People generally throughout England^ of what Qua-
lity Ibevcr, a few London Pnjhyterians excepted, were
marvclloufly pleafed to fee the Scots (o admirably
chaftifed and yoked ; nor had Cromwell ever done an
Aft that more reconciled the Affedions of the Eng-
tifh to him, than his moft rigorous Treatment of
that Nation. And They never contributed Money
fo willingly towards any of his Defigns, as for the
ercdting thofe Forts in the feveral Quarter^ of the
Kingdom ; which, with a little Addition of Force,
They had good Experience would fufficc to keep it
from giving any Difturbance to their Neighbours.
And the demoliihing all thofe Structures in one In-
ftant, and leaving an unquiet and an impoverifhed
People to their own Inclinations, could not be grateful.

The King had, during the Time that He refided
in Scotland before his March to Wt^ujler^ contracted,
and had brought with him from thence, a perfeft
Deteftation of their Kirk and Prelbyterian Govern*
ment, and a great Prejudice againft the whole Family
of Argyle and fome other Perfons. But He was ex-
ceedingly reconciled to the Nation ; and befides tbft
Efteem fie had of the Perfons of very many Noble-
men, He did really believe the Burgefles and com-
Tfion People to be as heartily affefted to him, and as
much at his Difpofal, as any Subje6ls He had. And
the Lord hautherdale cultivated this gracious Credu- .
lity with fo much Diligence, that He aflured the
King, " that He might depend upon the whole Scots
•* Nation as upon one Man, to be employed in his
*' Service and Commands of what Kind foever, and
*' againft what Enemy foever.** His Majefty uponT^^^fiSr
the Debate of this Bufmefs declared, " that He did '^*
*' not only think it good Hufbandry in Re(pe<5t of
" the Expenfe, and good Policy, that He might
** keep Scotland entirely at his Devotion, whilft Ire- ^

" land

4 to The Continuation of the Life of

** land remained in this Confufion, and England itfclf
** was threatened by fuch Faftions in Religion, to
** gratify them in what They defired ; but that He
^' held himfelf obliged in Honour, Juftice and Con-
*'fcience, to fend all the Forces out of that King-
*' dom, and to deface the Monuments of that Time :
** And that there would be no more to be confultcd,
** but what to do with thofe Forces" ( which was
quickly refolved, that They fhould be all fent for
Portugal'^ and Order was prefently given for Ships up-
on which They were to be embarked), " and then to
♦' cohfider in what Method the other fliould be done,"
The Scots were very well fatisned with the King's
Refolution upon the Main, but troubled at fomewhat
tha,t the Englijh Lords propofed for the Way, " that
'* the Privy Council firft, and then the ParUamenr,
*' fhould be informed of his Majefty's Intenuons:
"Which," They faid, "would be againft the Ho-
" nour and the Intereft and the Right of Scotland^
** which never fubmitted any of their Concernments
•* to be debated at the Council-Board of England \
*' and the Innovation would be no lefs in remitting
*'it to the Parliament, which had no Pretence of
" Jurifdidlion over them." To Both which They
were anfwered, " that the withdrawing the EngUJb
** Forces, and demolifhing the Englijh Fortifications,
** concerned England no lefs than the other Kingdom ;
"and that his Majefty did not intend it (hould be
" propofed to them, as a Thing of which He made
*' any Doubt or required their Advice, but only as a
" Matter of Faft, which would prevent all Murmur-r
^* ings or Cenfures, which otherwife might arife."
The EngUJb Lords defired, " that the King's Orders
" might be very pofitive, and that the Commiflioncr
** might fee them executed, for the utter demolifhing(*»
**all thofe Fortifications which the Englijh were to
*' abandon, that they might not be continued for
*' the Entertainment of new Garrifons of the Natives^
** which would adminifter Matter of new Jealoufics:''

AU

Edward Earl ^Clarendon, &c, 411

All which They cheerfully confented to, well know-
ing that They might afterwards perform what They
fbund convenient ; and many did fince believe, that
there remains enough in fome of the Places to be
Shelter to a Rebellion hereafter.

The King appointed the Chancellor to make a
Relation, at a Conference between the two Houfes of
Parliament, " of the good Pofture his Majcfly's Af-
** fairs of Scotland ftood in •, of their having repealed
** all thofe ill Laws which had been made by the
" Advantage of the Rebellion, and all that concerned
*' the Church ; upon which that his Majefty forth^
"with refolved to fettle Bilhops in that Kingdom,
"which appeared very unanimoudy devoted to his
" Service : And that the King could not but com-
" municate this good News to them, which He
" knew would give them Caufe of rejoicing.'* And
then He told them "that the Scots Parliament, in
" Regard of the Peace and Quiet that They enjoyed,
*' without the leaft Apprehenfion of Trouble from
** abroad or at Home, had defired the King, that the
*' Englifh Forces might be withdrawn and all the For-
*' tifications raxed ; and that thofe Forces might be
*' convenient, if his Majefty thought fit, to be tranf-
** ported to Portugal •," without difcovering what his tht Engnni
Majefty had refolved to do, or afking any Opinion ^''^'^^^
from them, which however They might have given
if They pleafed. The EfFeft was, that Both Houfes
fent their humble Thanks to the King " for his hav-
" ing vouchfafed to let them know the good Condi- ^

*' tion of Scotland^ of which They wiflied his Majefty
•' much Joy ; and hoped his other Dominions would
" in a fhortTime be in the fame Tranquillity :" With-
out taking any Notice of withdrawing the Garrifons.
And fo that Affair ended.

During this Agitation in London^ it was difcern-
able enough that there were great Jealoufies between
the Scots Lords. The CommifTioner and the other
had Caufe to believe, that the King gave much more

Credit

412 The Continuation of the Life of

Credit to Lautberdale than to them, and looked upon
him as a Man of great Intereft in that Country, when
They knew He had none, being neither in lus Qua-
lity or Fortune amongft thofe who were efteemed Men
of Power and Dependance. And He thought them
linked in a Faftion againft him, to leffen the Value
the King had of him, which indeed was the Founda-
tion of all his Credit and Intereft. What Counte-
nance foever He fet upon it. He was fenfibly affiftcd
at the Downfal of the Pre(bytery, and that MMetn
had brought that to pafs without any Difficulty (as
He had before told the King He would), which He
had afTured his Majefty was mipoITible to be efieded
but in long Time and by many Stratagems.

The Marquis of Argyle had been a Man univer-
fally odious to the whole Nation, fome Miniftcrs and
Preachers excepted : And there had been always
thought to have been an implacable Animofity from
Lautberdale towards him ; and after the King's Re-
turn no Man had appeared more againft him, nor
more infifted upon his not being admitted to his Mar
jefty*s Prefence, or for his being fent into Scotland to
be tried. Yet after all this it was difcovered, that
He had interpofed all He could with his Majefty to
fave him, and employed all his Intereft in Scotland to
the fame Purpofe. And the Marquis was no fooner
executed, but the Earl of Lautberdale had prevailed
with the King immediately to give his Son the Lord
Lome (who had remained in London to folicit on his(««
f^^l^^ Father's Behalf) Leave to kifs his Hand, and to
trauaEari crcate him Earl of Argyle^ and to confer on him the
^fArgyic. Office of General Juftice in the Higblandsy by which
his Father had been qualified to do moft of the Wick-
cdneflcs He had committed; all which the Parliar
ment of Scotland ftiould have treated as the moft fcn-
fible Affi-ont to them that They could undergo.

It was well known that this young Man, who
was Captain of the King's Guard when He was ia
Scotland^ had treated his Majefty with that Rudeneis

and

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Cfc. 41^

and Barbarity^ that He was much more odious to
him than his Father; and in all the Letters which
LautberdaU had found Opportunity to write, whilft
He was a Prifoner in England^ to the King when He
was beyond the Seas, He inveighed equally againft
the Son as the Father, and never gave him any other
Title than that Toad's Bird: So that Nobody
could imagine from whence this Change could pro-
ceed, but from a Defign to preferve an Intereft in the
Prefbyterian Party againft the Time He fliould have
Occaiion to ufe them.

The M there were Circumftances in this Grace of
the King to the Lord Lornty that exceeded all Men'i
Comprenenfion : For his Majefty caufed all the Eftate
of the Marquis of Argyk^ which did not appear in
lany Etegree fo confiderable as it was generally believed
to have been, to be feized upon as forfeited to him ;
and then would grant it to the Son fo abfolutely, that
neither the Owners Ihould recover what had been in*
jurioufly and violently taken from them for their
Loyalty to the King, nor the Creditors receive Satit-
faftion for the juft Debts which were due to them,
and which muft have been fatisficd if the King had
retained the Forfeiture. But upon the Application of
the Commiflioner and the other Lords, that the King
would hear all Perfons concerned, there was fome
Mitigation in thofe Particulars, notwithftanding all
the Oppofition which Lautbtriale did barefaced make
on the Behalf of the Lord Lorne^ and which the other
bore with great Indignation : Which He knew very
weU, and did believe that the Oath and Subfcription,
which He well knew They had contrived for the next
Seflion of Parliament, was levelled at him ; that not
taking it, as They did not believe He would do, the
Secretary of Scotland's Place might become void,
which They had much rather Ihould have been in
any Man's Hand than in his. And therefore He
todc all Occafions to profefs and declare, bcfides his
conlbint Raillery againft the Prcft>ytery, " that if

** They

414 7^6^ Continuation of tie Life of

** They fhould require him to fubfcribc that He is
*' a Turky He would do it before He would lofe Im
" Office."

The Matter of thefe Offences being moft in pri-
vate, and fo not publickly taken Notice of. They
made a fair Shew and kept good Quarter towards
each other. And the King confenting to ail that the
. Commiffioner propofed with Reference to the Publick,
being indeed abundantly fatisfied with his Comport-
ment, and at parting promifing to give him the Office
of Treafurer, when by Crawford's refufing to fubfcribc
TheCmmf' it ftiould bccomc void ; They, with all their Biffiops,
'^t^' returned again for Scotland with incurable Jealoufy of
ut^S^. Lautberdakj who remained waiting upon the King^
and refolved to crofs all their Defigns He could, and
quietly to expeft a better Opportunity to undo what
He could not for the prefent prevent.
Tir Eofiuh I T is Time now to return to the Parliament of
^^^~^ England^ which, according to the Time of the Proro-
gadon, met again in March towards the Entrance into
the Year 1664: When at their firft Meeting the
King informed them af large of the Infurrcftion that
had been endeavoured in the Summer before in Tork-
JhirCy which, how foolifhly foever contrived, was a;2i»i
very great Inftance of the Diftemper of the Nadon*,
that three Years after the dift>anding of the Army,
the Officers thereof fhould remain flill fo unquiet, as
to hope to give any fignal Difturbance to the Peace
of the Kingdom, by fuch a Commotion as They
could upon their Credit raife.
juh^ume- The continual Difcourfe of Plots and Infurrcftions
UYmk^ had fo wearied the King, that He even refolved to
fluie. give no more Countenance to any fuch Informations,
nor to trouble himfelf with Inquiry into them ; but
to leave the Peace of the Kingdom againft any fuch
Attempts to the Vigilance of the civil Magiftratcs,
and the Care of the Officers of the Militia, which He
prefumcd would be fufficicnt to quell and fupprcis
any ordinary fanatick Defign. And upon this Refo-

ludon,

Edward Earl of Clarendon, tic. 415

lution, and to avoid the Reproach of the late Times, •
of contriving Pbts only to commit Men to Prifon
againft whom there was any Prejudice, He totally
jiegleded the firft Information He received of this fe-
ditious Purpofe. But when the Intelligence was con-
tinued from feveral Parts, and fo particular for the
Time and Place of the Rendezvous, and for the
feizing upon the City of York -, and there was Evi-
(dence that fome Men of Eftate and Fortune, and who
were held wary and difcreet Men, were engaged in it 5
his Majefly thought it Time to provide againft it,
and not only commended the Care of it to the Lords
Lieutenants and Deputy Lieutenants of the Counties
adjacent, but fent likewife feveral Troops of his own
Horfc to poflcfs the City of York before the Day ap-
pointed, and to attend fome of the Places of the Ren-
dezvous. And They came very feafonably, and fur*^irf^«w*-
prifcd many upon the very Place, before their Com-i •^
pany was ftrong enough to make Refiftance. Others
did make fome Refiftance, but quickly fled and were
difperfed. Many were taken, and upon their Exa-
mination behaved themfelves as if They were fure to
be quickly refcued -, for it appeared that They did
believe that the Infurredlion would have been general
throughout the Kingdom, and that all the dilbanded
^rmy would have been brought together at feveral
JRcndezvoufes.

All the Prifons in the North were fo full, that
the King thought it neceflary to fend down four or
five of the Judges of the feveral Benches of fVeftmin"
fter-HaU to York^ with a Commiflion of Oyer and T>r-
miner^ to examine the whole Matter. There, though
the Judges did not believe that They had difcovered
jthc. Bottom of the whole Confpiracy, They found
Caufe to condemn very many; whereof feventeen or smuo/eBe
eighteen were executed, fome reprieved, and very^^*^'***-
many left in Prifon to be tried at the next Affizes/"^*
Amongft thofe who were executed, the Man who
was moft looked upon was one Rymer^ of the Quality

^r

41 6 ^ Continuation of the Life of

•of the better Sort of Grand -Jurymen, and held a wife
Man^ and was known to be truftcd by the greatcft
Men who had been in Rebellion : And He was dif-
covered by a Perfon of intimate Tnift with him,
who had heretofore the fame Affections with him,
but would venture no more. He was a fuUen Man,
and uied few Words to excufe himfelf, and none to
hurt any Body elfe ; though He was thought to know
much, and that having a good Eftate He would
never have embarked in a Defign that had no Proba*
bility of Succcfs. Some of the Prifoners declared,
** that They were affured by thofe who engaged
^' them, that fuch and fuch great Men would appear
** at the Rendezvous or foon after." But that was
not thought a fufficicnt Ground to trouble any Man,
though fome of them were very liable to Sxifpidon;
fince in ail Combinations of that Kind, it is a moit
ufual Artifice to work upon weak Men, by perfuad-
ing them that other Men, of whom They have great
Efteem, are engaged in it, who in Truth know No-
thing of it.

The Judges were returned from Tork little Timci*»i

before the Parliament met ; and therefore the King

thought it fit to awaken them to much Vigilance, by

informing them with what Secrecy that Confpiracy

had been carried. And his Majefty afllired them,

theiCfig't " that He was not yet at the Bottom of that Bufineis;

^^r^/tf " ^d that it appeared manifeftly, that this Confpi-

FarUamM. ** racy was but a Branch of that which He had dit

** covered as well as He could to them about two

•* Years fince, and had been then executed nearer

**Hand, if He had not by God*s Goodnefs oamt

^ to the Knowledge of fome of the principal Contri-

** vers, and fo fecured them from doing the Mtfchief

*' They intended." '

H I s Majefty told them, " that They would woo-
^ der, ( yet He faid what was true ) that They were
*'now even in thofe Parts, when They fee thck
^ Friends under Trial and Execution, ftill purfuing

the

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^c. 417

*' the fame Confultations : And it was evident that

*' They had Correfpondence with defperate Perfons

*' in moft Counties, and a ftanding Council in Lon^

** don itfelf, from which They received their Diredlions,

** and by whom They were advifed to defer their laft

*' intended Infurrcftion. But thofe Orders ferved on-

" ly to diftraft them, and came too late 'to prevent

•* their Deftruftion." He faid, " He knew more of

** their Intrigues, than They thought He did 5 and

** hoped He Ihould fliortly difcover the Bottom : In

** the mean Time He defired the Parliament, that

*' They might all be as watchful to prevent, as They

** were to contrive their Mifchief *' He faid, " He

** could not upon this Occafion omit to tell them,

•* that thefe defperate Men in their Counfels (as ap-

•• peared by feveral Examinations) had not been all

** of one Mind in the Ways of carrying on their

** wicked Refolutions. Some would ftill infift upon

** the Authority of the Long Parliament, of wmcH

** They fay They have Members enough willing to

** meet : Others have fancied to themfelves, by fom6

** Computation of their own, upon fome Claufe ia

** the triennial Bill, that this prefent Parliament was

** at an End fome Months Jince ; and that for Want of

** new Writs They may. ajfemble themfelves, and choojc

** Members for Parliament ; and that this is the bell

•' Expedient to bring themfelves together for their

•' other Purpofes. For the Long Parliament," his

Majefty faid, "that He and They together could

•* do no more than He had done to inform and

** compofc the Minds of Men -, let them proceed

•* upon that at their Peril. But He thought there

•* had been Nothing done to difabufe Men in Refpeft

•* of the Triennial Bill. He confefled that He had

** often himfelf read over that Bill -, and though there

•* is no Colour for the Fancy of the Determination.

•* of this Parliament ; yet He would not deny to

" them, that He had always expefted that They

^ would, and even wondered that They had not

Vol. II, Ec '"con^

41 8 The Continuation of the Life of

** confidered the wonderful Claufes in that Bill, which
*' had pafled in a Time very uncareful for the Digni-
" ty of the Crown, or the Security of the People."
His Majefty defired the Speaker and the Gentlemen
of the Houfe of Commons, " that They would once
** give that triennial Bill a Reading in their Houfe ;
*' and then in God's Name They might do what
. *' They thought fit for him, themfelvcs, and the
" whole Kingdom." His Majefty faid, " that He
" needed not tell them how much He loved Parlia-
^' ments : Never King was fo much beholden to Par-
*' liaments as He had been \ nor did He think that
** the Crown could ever be happy without frequent
** Parliaments. But He wifhed them to affure them-
*' felves, that if He ftiould think otherwife. He would
•* never fufFer a Parliament to come together, by the
;•* Means prefcribed by that Bill."
, He renewed his Thanks to them "for the frcc("»i
^ Supply They gave him the laft SefHon of four
^ Subfidies -, yet He could not but tell them, that
•* that Supply was fallen much (hort of what He ex-
** pefted and They intended. That it would hardly
** be believed, yet They knew it to be true, that
** Very many Perfons, who have Eftates.of three or
*' four thoufand Pounds by the Year, do not pay
** for thefe four Subfidies fixteen Pounds ^ So that
•* whereas They intended and declared, that tbeyjbwli
** be colleSed according to former Precedents^ they do not
*' now arife to Half the Proportion they did in the
*' Time of Queen Elizabeth ; and yet fure the Crown
*' wants more now than it did then, and the Subjeft
** is at leaft as well able to give." His Majefty &id,
*' the Truth is, by the Licenfc of the late ill Time,
** and ill Humour of this,' too many of the People,
" and even of thofe who make fair Profcffions, be-
." lieve it to be no Sin to defraud the Crown of any
" Thing diat is due to it. That They no fooncr
•' gave him Tonnage and Poundage^ than Men wcit
" dcvifing all the Means They could to fteal Cuflomj

i

Edward £^r/ ^ Clarendon, (^c. 419

*' nor could the Farmers be fo vigilant for the Col-
** ledtion, as others were to ileal the Duties. They
*' gave him the Excifc^ which all People abroad be-
*' lieved to be the moil: infenfible Impofition that cari
*' be laid upon a People : What Confpiracies and
*' Combinations were entered into againil it by the
*' Brewers, who He was fure did not bear the Bur-
*' den themfelves, even to bring that Revenue to No-
" thing, They would hear in JVeJiminJier-HalL They
*' had given him the Chimney-Money^ which They had
" Reafon to believe was a growing Revenue, for
*' Men build at leaft fail enough ; and They would
'' therefore wonder, that it was already declined, and
** that this Half Year brings in lefs than the former
*' did." He defired them therefore, " that They
*' would review that Bill ; and fince He was fure that
*' They would have him receive whatfoever They
*' gave, that He might have the colkfting and huf-
*' banding of it by his own Officers, and then He
** doubted not but to improve that Receipt, and He
** would be cozened as little as He could.''

H I s Majefly concluded with " deiiring and con-
*^ juring them to keep a very good Correfpondence
" together, that it might not be in the Power of any
** feditious or fadious Spirits to make them Jealous of
*' each other, or either of them jealous or him, till
** They fee him pretend one Thing and do another,
*' which He was fure They had never yet done." He
alTured them, " it thould be in Nobody's Power to
'' make him jealous of them." And fo defired them,
*' that They would difpatch what They found ne-
*' ceiTary, that They might be ready for a Seffion
** within two Months or thereabout, becaufe the Sea-
** fon of the Year would invite them all to take the'
«* Country Air."

It was very happy for his Majeily, that He did
cut out their Work to their Hand, and aiked no Mo-
ney of them, and limited them a fliort Time to con-
mue together. It made their Counfcls very unani-

]£ e a moqs:

420 Tbe Continuation of the Life df

mous : And though They railed no new Taxes and
Impofitions upon the People, They made what They
had before raifed much more valuable to the King
than it was before, by pafling other Ad:s and Decla-
rations for the explaining many Things, and the bet-
ter collcfting the Money They had formerly given ;
which much added to his Majefty's Profit without
grieving the People, who were rather gratified in the
Remedies which were provided againft Frauds and
Cozenage.
Tir Trien- Th e Parliament had fate but very little more than
"^ii^"^ ten Days, when They prefented a Bill to his Majefty
for the Repeal of the Triennial Bill^ which He had
recommended to them -, which was fo grateful to him,
that He came in Perfon to the Houfe to pafs it and tO(2iJ
thank them : And He told them, " that every good
*' Engli/hman would thank them for it -, for it could on-
•* ly have ferved to difcredit Parliaments, to make the
•* Crown jealous of Parliaments and Parliaments of the
•* Crown^and perfuaded neighbour Princes ihzt England
*' was not governed under a Monarch." The Truth
hi It had paffed in a very jealous and feditious Time,
when the Wickednefs was firft in hatching, that
ripened afterwards to a difmal Perfeftion ; and when
all, who were fworn never to confent to the Difhcrilbn
of the Crown, thought only of preferving their own
Inheritance which They had gotten, or improving it
at the Expenfe of the Crown •, and made it manifcft
enough, that it (hould wither, at leaft while it flood
upon the Head of that King ; for at that Time the
Conspiracy went no farther, that is amongft thofc
who had then Credit to promote its Paflage, though
They were weak Men who thought it could reft
there.
Semi Aa$ As They made this Entrance, {o They were whol-
M'^* ly intent upon Matters of Moment, and difpatchcd all
They intended to do within the two Months, in whic&
the King defiredThey would be ready for a Prona-
tion, And as tbere was greater Older aad Uoaniimgr

Edward Earl of Clarendon, fifr. 421

in their Debates, fo They difpatched more Bufinefe
of publick Importance and Confequence, than any
other Parliament hath done in twice the Time : For,
Jbefides the Repeal of the odious Bill before mentioned.
They made a very good additional Bill for the Chim#-
ney-Money, which made that Reyenujc much more
confiderable ; and They palfed likcwife another Bill
againft the frequenting of Conventicles, which was
looked upon as the greateft Difcountenance the Par-
liament had yet given to all the Factions in Religion,
and if it had been vigoroufly executed would no Doubt
have produced a thorough Reformation. They made
likewife a very good Aft, and very neceflary for a
Time of fuch Corruption, that had con traded new
Ways of Diflionefly and Villany that former Times
had not thought of, when many unworthy and cow-
ardly Mafters of Ships and Seamen had been con-
tented to be robbed, and to fufFer all their Owners
Goods to be taken, upon an Allowance made to them
by the Pirates; for the Difcovery and Punishment
whereof the Law had not enough provided. They
therefore prefented a Bill to the King, " for the
*' Difcovery and Punifliment of ajl fuch treacherous
** and infamous Aftions -, and for the Reward of fuch
" honeft and flout Seamen, as fhould manfully and
'* courageoufly defend their Owners Goods, and there.-
** in maintain the Honour of the Nation."

All this They prefented to his Majefly, and it
was confirmed by his Royal AfTent on the 17th of
May \ when his Majefty, after giving fuch Thanks
to them as They deferved, told them, " He did not
^' intend to bring them together again till the Month
'* of November^ that They might enjoy the Summer
*' in the Tranfaftion of their own Affairs : Yet be-
*' caufe there might fome emergent Occafion fall out,
** that might make him wifh to find them together
*' fooner, He would prorogue them only to Auguft ;
'* and before the Day They fliould have feafonable
^> Notice, by Proclamation, not to give their Attea-

E e 3 " dance,

4-22 7& Continuation of the Life of

" dance, except fuch Occafion (hould fall out.** And
TbeParna" fo They were prorogued to a Day in Auguft^ but met
^^^*' not till November following.

During this (hort Selfion of Parliament, They,
who were very folicitous to promote a War with Hol-
land^ forgat not what They had to do •, but They
quickly difcerned that it was not a good Seafon to
mention the giving of Money (which the King him-
felf had forborne to mention, that the People might
fee one Seflion of Parliament pafs without granting
new Impofitions, which They had not yet feen), and
therefore it would be as unfeafonable to fpeak of a(»^
War. However They made fuch an Approach to-
wards it, as might make a farther Advance much
more eafy.
ihtMtr- The Merchants in the Committee of Trade much
^Z^!^^ lamented the Obftrudtions and Difcouragements,which
1^ Dutch. They had long found in their Commerce by Sea with
other Nations, and which were not removed even by
the bieffed Return of the King •, all which They im-
puted to the Pride and Infolence of the Hollanders^
" who,*' They faid, " obferved no Laws of Com-
** merce, or any Conditions which themfelvcs con-
•' fenced to. That by their Fraud and PraAicc the
*' EngliJI:) were almoft driven out of the Eaft and fVeft-
" Indies^ and had their Trade in Turkey and in Africa
" much diminifhed. In Sum, that befides many in-
" iufFerable Indignities offered by them to his Ma-
** jefty and to the Crown of England^ his Subjefts had
*' in few Years fuftained the Damage of fevcn or
'^ eight hundred thoufand Pounds Sterling.**

All which with fome particular Inlfcances being
reported from the Committee of Trade to the Houfe,
They had defired an Audience from his Majefty, and
then prefented this Grievance to him, and defired his
Majefty, " that He would give fuch Order in it, as
*' to his Wifdom fliould feem fit, that might produce
^' juft and honourable Satisfaftion. " The King,
who continued firni ^o his former Refolution, an-

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 423

fwcred them, " that He would tranfmit the Addreft
** They had prefented to him to his Refident at the
** Hague^ with Order that He fhould inform the States
*' of it, and require Satisfadlion, which He hoped
** the States General would yield unto, rather than
** compel him to demand Juftice in another Way/*
The Anfwer pleafed them well, nor could They wifli
that the Profecution (hould be put into a better Hand
than the Refident's, who was a Member of the Houfe,
and a Man who had inflamed them more than the
Merchants themfelves againft the Dutch.

That Refident was Sir George Downing, a Man ofc^^^^
an obfcure Birth, and more obfcure Education, which no^^n^the
He had received in Part in New England: He had^s^^^^'"
pafled through many Offices in CromweWs Army, of "°"*^*
Chaplain^ Scoutmafter, and other Employments, and
at laft got a very particular Credit and Confidence
with him, and under that Countenance married a very
beautiful Lady of a very noble Extraction, which was
the Fate of many bold Men in that prefumptuous
Time. And when Cromwell had fubdued the Dutch
to that Temper He wifhed, and had thereupon made
a Peace with them. He fent this Man to refide as
his Agent with them, being a Man of a proud and
infolent Spirit, and who would add to any imperious
Command of his fomewhat of the Bitternefs of his
own Spirit.

And He did fo fully execute his Charge in all
Things, efpecially when He might manifeft his Ani-
mofity againft the Royal Party, that when the King
himfelf had once, during his Refidence at Brujfels, for
his Divertifcment made a Journey incognito, with not
above four Perfons, to fee Amfterdam and from thence
the Towns of North Holland \ Downing coming to
ha/e Notice of it delivered a Memorial to tlie States
of Holland, wherein He enclofed the third Article of
their Treaty, by which They were obliged " not to
** fufFer any Traitor, Rebel or any other Perfon, who
•* was declared an Enemy to the Commonwealth of

€( 7;r«

424 ^be Continuation of the Life of

** England^ to refide or ftay in their Dominions ;** and
told them, " that Charles Stuart and the Marquis of
*' Ormond had been lately in Amfterdam^ and were ftill
*' in fome Places adjacent ;'* and required ** that They
*' might not be permitted to remain in any Part cf
*' their Dominions." Whereupon the States of Hol-
land fent prefently to the Princefs Royal, who was
then at her Country Houfe at HounJUrdike^ " that if («3
*' her Brother were then with her or fhould come to
*' her, He fhould forthwith depart out of their Pro-
*' vince :" And not fatisfied herewith. They publiih-
ed an Order in the Hague to the fame Purpofe, which
was fent to Amjierdam and other Towns according to
their Cuftom.

With this rude Pun6tuality He behaved himfelf
during the Life of Cromwell^ and whilft his Son re-
tained the Ufurpation ; but when He faw him thrown
out with that Contempt, and that the Government
was not like to be fettled again till there was a Re-
fort to the old Foundation, He bethought himfelf
how He might hare a Referve of the King's Favour.
And the Marquis of Ormond making about that Time
a Journey incognito to the Hague^ to treat of a Mar-
riage for his eldeft Son with a noble Lady whofc
Friends lived there. Downing found Opportunity to
have a private Conference with him, and made Oflfer
of his Service to the King, if his Devotion might be
concealed, without which it would be ulelefs to his
Majefty. And for an Earneft of his Fidelity, He in-
formed him of fpme Particulars which were of Mo-
ment for the King to know: Amongft which one
was, "that a Perfon, who in Refpedt of his very
** honourable Extraftion, and the prcfent Obligations
*' himfelf had to the Royal Family, was not fufpeft-
*' ed, gave him, as He had long done, conftant Intcl-
•' ligence of what the King did, and of many Parti-
•' culars which in their Nature deferved to be more
" fecret, which He had always fent to Cromwell whilft
f He was living ; but fince his Death, having a Re-

?' folution

Xdward Etfr/ £/* Clarendon, &c. 425

*^ folution to ferve the King, He had never diflerved
*' hinri, and would hereafter give him Notice of any
** Thing that it would be neceflary for him to be
*' informed of with Reference to England or to Hoi-
^* land:'

The Marquis thought it very fit to accept of fuch
an Inftrument, and promifed him '* to acquaint his
" Majefty with his good AfFeftion, who He prefumed
** would receive it gracioufly, and give him as much
" Encouragement to continue it as his prefent Con-
" dition would permit." To which the other replied,
*' that He knew the King's prefent Condition too
*' well to expeft any Reward fron^ him : But if his
*' Majefty would vouchfafe, when He fhould be re-
*' ftored, to confirm to him the Office He then held •
*' of a Teller in the Exchequer, and continue him in
** this Employment He then had in Holland^ where
** He prefumed He fhould be able to do him more
** Service than a Stranger could do. He would think
" himfelf abundantly rewarded/* Of all which when
the Marquis advertifcd the King at his Return to
Brujfels^ He had Authority to afTure him " of the
** King's Acceptation, and that all that He cxpefted
f^ fhould be made good.

This was the Ground and Reafon, that when the
King came to the Hague the Year following to em-
bark for England^ He received Downing fo gracioufly,
and knighted him, and left him there as his Refident ;
which They who were near the King, and knew No-
thing of what had pafTed, wondered at as much as
Strangers who had obferved his former Behaviour.
And the States themfelves, who would not at fuch a
Time of publick Joy do any Thing that might be in-
grateful to his Majefty, could not forbear to lament
in private, '' that his Majefly would depute a Perfon
^* to have his Authority, who had never ufed any
^* other Dialed to perfuade them to do any Thing
^' He propofcd, but Threats if They fhould not do
f^ itj and who at fcveral Times had difobliged moft

"of

428 * The Continuation of the Life of

was no other Inftance of Hoftility than the very De-
claration. And at this Time They tranlplanted this(«5
new Prerogative to Guinea: And having, as They faid,
for there was no other Evidence of it, a War with
one of thofe Princes, They would not fufFer the Eng-
lift) Ships to enter into thofe Harbours where They had
always traded. The King received Animadverfion of
this unheard of Infolence and Ufurpation, and added
this more juft Compbint to the former, and required
his Refident " to demand a pofitive Renunciation of
^* all Pretence to fuch an odious Ufurpation, and a
*' Revocation of thofe Orders which their Officers had
■ ^^ publifhed.'* To this Complaint and Demand They
deferred to make Anfwer, till their Ambaflfadour had
prefented a Grievance to the King.
^Eogiifii One of thofe Ships of War, which the King had
J^^^lent to the Royal Company for the Convoy of their
MifcG*5^e/'Fleet to Guinea^ had in the Voyage thither aflaultcd
^^*** and taken a Fort belonging to the Dutch near Cape
Verde ; which was of more Incommodity to them than
of Benefit to the Englifl). Of this Invafion their Am-
bafladour made a loud Complaint, and demanded
*' that the Captain might be punilhed fevcrely ; and
** in the mean Time that the King would give a
*' prefent Order to him, the Ambafladour, for the
*' Redelivery of the Place and all that was in it, and
*' He would fend it to his Matters, who would forth-
*' with fend a Ship to demand it.'* The King had
in Truth heard Nothing of it ; and aflured the Am-
bafladour, " that the Captain, if He had done any
" fuch Thing, had not the leaft Commiffion or Au-
" thority for the doing it -, and that He was fure He
*' was upon his Way homeward, fo that He might be
** expedted fpeedily ; and then He fhould be fure to
" undergo fuch Punifhment as the Nature of his Of
" fence required, when the Matter fhould be exa-
*' piined, and They fhould then receive full Repara-
*' tion." This Anfwer how reafonable foever fatil-
fied them not : Nothing would ferve their Turn but a

pret

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 42^

pi'efent Reftitution, before his Majefly could be in-
formed of the Provocation or Ground that had pro-
duced fo unwarrantable an Aftion. They gave pre-
fent Orders for the equipping a very great Fleety and
the raifing many Land Soldiers, making greater Pre-
parations for War than They had made in many
Years before.. They likewife prepared a ftrong Fleet Tir Dutch
for Guinea^ and granted a Commiflion ( which was j^J^L
publifhed in Print) to the Commander in Chief, " t6>Ouiii«.
*' make War upon the Englijh in thofe Parts, and to
" do them all the Mifchief He could/*

Prince Rupert^ who had been heretofore with the ,
Fleet then under his Command, in the Beginning of
the King's Reign, upon the Coaft oi Guinea (and by
the Report and Teftimony He gave of that Coaft the
Royal Company had received greater Encouragement),
now upon this infolent Demeanour of the Dutcb^ and
publifhing the Commiflion They had fent to their
Commander in Chief, offered his Service to the King,
*' to fail into thofe Parts with fuch a Fleet as his
*' Majefty thought fit to fend, with which He made
** little Doubt to fecure Trade, and abate the Pre-
**fumption of the Dutch *\ And hereupon a Fleet T&EngHA
was likewife preparing for that Purpofe, to be com-^JJlStr'
manded by Prince Rupert.

Th e Parliament had before declared, when They
made their Addrefs to the King againft the Dutch for
obftrufting the Trade, " that They would with their
** Lives and Fortunes afTift his Majefty againft all
*' Oppofitions whatfoever, which He fhould meet
*' with in the Removal of thofe Obftrudions -," which
They believed would terrify, but in Truth made the
Dutch merry : And in fome of their Declarations or
Anfwers to Downing's Memorials, They mentioned it
with too much Pride and Contempt. And in tYiisruParR^
Pofhire the Difputes were when the Parliament met**'^"*'*'
ia6) again in November^ which came together for the moft
Part without a Defire either to give Money or make
[War. And Downingy who laboured heartily to inccnfc

430 72^ Cantinuatim of the Life of

us and to provoke them, in all his Dilpatches de-
clared, " that all thofe Infolencies proceeded only
" from the Malignity of the States of Holland^ which
f* could vent itfelf no farther than in Words; but
^' that the States General^ without whofc Concurrence
** no War could be made, abhorred the Thought of
•*it:*' And there is no Doubt that was true. And
• the Dutch Ambafladour, who remained at London^ and
was a very honeft weak Man, and did all the Offices
He could to prevent it, did not think it poffible it
could come to pafs ; " but that there might be feme
" Scuffles upon the Coaft of Guinea^ by the Diredion
** of the Wefi'India Company, of whofe Adions the
♦' States General took Notice, and would caufe Jufticc
** to be done upon Complaint, and not fuflfer the pub-
*' lick Peace to be difturbed upon their Pretences."
And fo the King forbore to demand any Supply from
the Parliament, becaufe an ordinary Supply would
rather difcredit his Demands than advance them, and
He could not expeft an extraordinary Supply but when
the War was unqueftionable. And the States General
at this Time were made a Property by the States of
Holland ( who had given private Orders for their own
Concernments), and prefented an humble Defire to
the King by their Ambafladour, " that Prince Bm-
^^pert's Fleet might ftay in Harbour, as theirs like-
"wife that was prepared for Guinea fhould do, till
" fome Means might be found for the Accommoda-
*'tion of all Differences/' Whereas before They
pretended, that They would fend their Guinea Fleet
through the Channel, convoyed by their Admiral
with a Fleet of fifty Sail -, which Report had before
flopped Prince Rupert^ when He was under Sail for
Guinea^ to wait and expeft that Piece of Bravery.
But this Addrefs from the States General made all Men
believe there would be an Accommodation, without
fo much as any Hoftility in Guinea,
ju treacbtr- BuT it was quickly difcovered, that They were the
7jf^i^ honefter Men when They gave the worft Words.

For

Edward EarJ of Clarendon, Sfr. 431

For before the States General fent to the King to ftop
Prince Rupert in Harbour, "and that their Fleets
♦'fhouki likewife remain in their Harbours/* *thc
States of Holland^ or that Committee that was quali*
fied by them, had with great Privacy fent Orders to
De Rseyter^ who was in the Mediterraneanj " to make
" all poffible Hafte with his Fleet to go to the Coaft
*'of Gninm^ and not only to retake the Fort near
** Cape Verde that the Englijh had taken from them^
** but likewife to take what Places He could which
**were in Pofleffion of the Englijh^ and to do them
" what Damage He could in thofe Parts :'* So that
They might well offer that their Fleet fhould now re-
main in their Harbours in Holland.

When De Ruyter had been lent into the Mediterra^
neaHj the Pretence was, that it was againft the Pirates
g( Algiers and Tums^ who had in Truth preyed very
much upon the Dutchj taken very many of their Ships,
and had Abundance of their Subjefbs in Chains.
And when that Fleet was fent into the Mediterranean^
their Ambaffadour had defired the King, ** that his
*' Majefty's Fleet that was then in thofe Parts might
** upon all Occafions join with De Ruyter^ when Op-
"portunity fhould be offered thereby to infeft the
^^ Turks-,'* which the King confented to, and fent
Orders accordingly. But the Dutch had no fuch Pur-
pofe : His Bufinefs was to ranfom their Captives with
Money, tod not to exadt the Delivery of them by
Force 5 and to make an Accommodat;ion for the Time
to come as well as He could. And when the Englijb
Fleet was at any Time in Purfuit of any of the Turks
Veflels, and expefted that the Dutcb^ by whom they
muft pafs, would have given a little Stop to their
Flight, which They might eafily have done ; They
iia7)rather affifted than obllrufted their Efcape. And
having made a very dilhonourable Peace with the
Pirates, He made Hafte to profecute his Orders for
.the Coaft of Guinea.

As

43* ^Tbe Continuation of the Life of

vpmvibub As foon as the King knew of this impudent Af*

m)^^ front, and that De Ruyter was in Truth gone out of

the Mediterratuan^ He thought He might juftly feizc

upon any Ships of theirs to fatisfy the Damages that

He could not but fuftain by De Ruyter in Guinea:

And fo, it being the Seafon of the Year that the

Dutch Fleet returned with their Wines from Bordeaux,

Rocbelley and other Parts of France^ fuch of them as

were forced by the Weather to put into the EngUJb

Harbours were feized upon. And the Duke of Tork,

having put himfelf on Board with a Fleet of about

fifty Sail, upon the Report of the Dutch being come

out to defend their Ships, took many others, even

upon their own Coafts ; which They chofe rather to

fufFer, than to venture out of their Ports to relieve

them. However there was not any one of all thofc

Ships fufFered to be unladen, or any Prejudice done

to them; but they were all preferved unhurt, till

Notice might arrive from Guinea what De Ruyter had

n»DaWi done there. But undoubted Intelligence arrived in a

«*r^^/-very fhort Time after, thzt De Rt^ter had declared

GvmZ and begun the War upon the Coaft of Africa^ not

only by a forceable retdcing the Fort which had been

taken from them, and which his Majefty had offered

to deliver, but by feizing upon feveral Englijh Ships

in thofe Parts, and by affaulting and taking other his

Majefty's Forts and Places, and exercifing all the

Afts of Hoftility which his Commiflion authorifed him

to do.

^refuUto And in a very fhort Time after, the Eaft-IndiA

1^!f?0' Company complained and . informed the King, " that

bnm. " when their Officer had demanded the Redelivery of

*' the Ifle of Poleroone according to the Article of the

*' late Treaty, and delivered the Letters and Orders

** from the States General and States of Holland^ which

** their AmbafTadours had given at London^ to the

*' Governour and Captain of that Ifland ; He, after

" making him flay two or three Days there with his Ship

5^ and the Men He had brought with him, told him,

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 433

*« that upon a better Perufal of the Orders which He bad
*' brought^ He found that they were not fufficient ; and
** therefore till He fbould receive fuller Orders^ He could
'-''not give up the Place:^ And fo the Officer and
Ship, which had been fent at a great Charge, were
neceffitated to return without any other Effeft thaii
the Afiront and Indignity to his Majefty. ,

Wh £ N there was now no Remedy, and the War
was a&ually made upon the King upon what Provo-
cation foever, there was Nothing to be done but to
refort to the Parliament, which had been fb earneft to
enter into it. A Fleet muft be prepared equal to
what the Dutch would infallibly make ready againft
the Spring, and worthy of the Prefence of the Duke
of Tork^ who was impatient to. engage his own Per-
ibn in the Condudb of it \ and the King had given his
Promife to him that He fliould, when He had, God
knows, no Purpofe that there Ihould be a War. It
was quickly difcovered, that there was not the fame
Alacrity towards a War now, after it was begun, \n
the Parliament, as there had been when They made
their Vote : And They would have been glad that
any Expedient might have been found for a Reconci-
liation, and that the Captain might have been called
in Queftion, who firfi: gave OflFence by taking the
Fort from the Dutch near Cape Verde^ which fomc
had prefled for when He came Home, before' any
more Mifchief was done ; and the not calling him iii
Queftion made many believe, that He had done No«
thing without Warrant or Promife of Protedtion.
xx%) Th e Dutch ftill difclaimed all Thought or Purpofe
of War, and feemed highly offended with their Go*
vernour of Pfileroone^ and protefted, ** that the Not*
** delivery of the Place proceeded only from Want of
*' an Order from the Governour of Batavia^ which
♦* Order came the next Day after the Englifh Ship was
♦* departed : But that They had given Notice of it to
♦'the Englifh Faftory at Bantam^ that the feme or
<* another Englijh Ship might, return and. receive it ;
Vol II. Ff "and

434 -^^ Continuation of the Life of

** and They were confident that it was then in the
" Hand of the Englijh'* But it was now too late to
expert any honourable Peace, at leaft without making
very notable Preparations for a War, which could
not be done without ready Money. And whatever
Orders had been given for the Ptcfervation of the
Dutch Ships, it quickly appeared that much of them
had been embezzled or difpofed of^ before they were
brought to any Judicatory, or adj«d^d to be Prize;
and there was too much Caufe to fear, that the reft
would be dU'pofcd of" to other Purpofes than the Sup-
port of the War ; though Nothing was more po-
fitively fpoken, than that the War would maintain
itfelf.
Mi4ifures The Parliament ftill promifed fairly, and entered
't^^tupt^ upon Confultation how and what Money to raifc-
iiLinttr' And now the King commanded the Chancelli>r and
A^'^Sf"*^ Trcafurer to meet with thofe Members of the
Houfe of Commons, with whom They had ufed to
cdnfult, and to whom the King had joined others up-
on whom He was told He might more depend, and
to adjult together what Sum fhould be propoied, and
how and in what Manner to propofe and condudt it*
It was about the Month of January. And though
the Duke took indefatigable Pains, by going himfelf
fometimes to Portfmoutb and fometimes to Cbatbam^
to caufe the Ships and all Proviiions to be itady,
that He might be at Sea before the Dutch \ yet let
what Advance could be made, as indeed there was
great. Nothing could be faid to be done, till a great
Stock of ready Money could be provided; and it
would be long after the Parliament had done their
Part, before ready Money would be got : And there-
fore no more Timt muft be loft, without taking a
particular Refolution.
AM^ti^ of The Meeting of thofe Perfons the King appointed
^Zin^pai"^^ at JVorcejier-^Houfe^ where the Chanceltor and
Gwwwri/or Treafurer (who were known to be averfc from the
•^^^'"^^'•War) told- she reft, "diat there was no- more Dc-

«bttf

Edward E/jr/ g/" Clarendon, Gfr. 435

** bate now to be. War or no War : It wa^ come
** upon us, and We were now only to contrive the
•* beft Way of carrying it on with Succefs ; whicH
•* could only be done by raifing a great prefent Sum
** of Money, that the Enemy might fee that We were
** prepared to continue it as well as to begin." They
who were moft defirous of the War, as Sir Harry Btri-^
net and Mr. Coventry ( who were fn Truth the Meii
who brought it upon the Natioii), with their Friends^
were of the Opinion, " that there fhould not ht a
** great Sum demanded at prefent, but only fo mucK
•*as might carry out tlie Fleet in the Spring, and
"that fufficicnt Provifions might be made for the
" Summer Service : And then, when the War was
"once thoroughly entered into, another and a better
•• Supply might be gotten about JMScbdelmds^^ when
** there was Reafon to hope, that feme good Succcls
«*would diipbfe all Men to a frank Profccution of
*Vthe War.^ Whereas thefe Gentlemen had hitlicrto
infkmed the King with an Aflurafice, " that lie
•• could not a(k more Money of the Parliament . tfian
** They would readily give him, if He would be eh-
" gaged in this War which the ^ole Kingdom- Iq
"much defircd.'* .

The Chancellor and the Treafuref were of OjiiilionV
^that theHoiife of Commons^ could never be iii'a
** better Difpofition to give, than TEey i^fird atVf?re-
••fclit; that hereafter They might grow'^carj^, ^nd
l"**2Wt ^o find Fault ^th the Conduft^ e^dally-wfich
^* They found the Country hcrtfo i^H pfeafcd*:5i^it|i
-^the War' a$ They were rio^'coiureived to 'be^:
"W^e^eas, now thd War wis-biiguri^ and th^King
"cfng^d in it as much aS tt df' qiiruld be ' aftcfr^ep
'^'.Battles, and ill upon their l>dire and thdr rro-
^^'niife; They tdald not rcfufe'to givd any Thing
^^ pr9poled^lthfti-the^^ompafit)f thatReafciti; .^HicK
*• ill. uriderftaridihg. I«fen might exiamihb" a'nd jt^dge
*<of!' 'f'hat it was* evident dndu]^, .thar the true
^'Gtdimd of aH4he Confidtfiice^ theJDtfrr* had' was
* '^ '" F f 2 " from

436 ^be Continuation of the Life of

" from their Opinioa of the King's Ncccflities and
*' Want of Money, and their Belief that the ParUa-
**nient would fupply him very fparingly, and not
** long to continue fuch an Expenfe, as They very
*' well knew that a War at Sea would require : And
>' They would be much confirmed in this their Ima-
** gination, if at the Beginning They fhould fee the
** Parliament give him fuch a Sum of Money, as
^' feemed to be implied by what had been iaid. That
*' They therefore thought it abfolutefy neceffary, that
*' the King fhould propofe as much, that is, that his
*' Friends fhould move for luch a Sum, as might
*' upon a realbnable Computation, which every Man
** would be ready to make, and of which wife Men
*'upon Experience would eafily make an Eflimate,
«* carry on the War for a full Year j that is^ for the
** fetting out the prefent Fleet and paying it off upon
•* its Return, and for the fetting out another Fkct
•* the next Spring. If this were now done, his Ma»
**jefly would not be involved in importunate Ne-
*' ceffities the next Winter •, but He might calmly
*? and deliberately confult upon fuch farther Supplies,
•'as the Experience of what would be then paft
*' fhould fuggeft to be neceffary: And that this
** would give his Majefly fuch a Reputation with all
** his N'eighEK)urs, and fuch Terrour to bis EjiemieS)
** that it would probably difpofe them to Peace."

They told tnem, " the beft Method to compute

** what the Expenfe might amount to in a Year,

** would be by reflefting upon the vafl Difproportioo

" of the Charge We -were now already engaged in,

.*'.and what had been efHmated four Months fince,

■^*when the War was defigned. That it was well

/* kiibwn to Mr. Coventry^ who had been always prc-

*' fent at thofe Conferences, that it had been faid by

*' the mofl experienced Sea Officers^ and thofe wha

. V had fought all the late Battles aninft the JDw^

V that a Fleet of forty or fifty Jucb slUps^ as the Ki^s

r^wr<9^ tvould he ^tr^gtk ft^fieknth kst aBikel

Edward E/fr/ ^/^ Clarendon, &c. 437

^ the Dutch had out of the narrow Seas-, and one very
**^minent Man amongft them faid, He would not de-
^^Jhre above fifty Ships to fight with all They had^ and
^* that He was confident that a greater Number than fifty
^ could never be brought to fight orderly or ufefully : And
** yet that there were at prefcnt no fewer than four-
**fcore good Ships preparing for the Duke. And
** the Charge in many other Particulars appeared al-
*' ready to amount to doiAlc the Sum that was firft
^*cx>mput«d.'*

They concluded, *' that a lefs Sum than two Mil-
** lions and a Half" ( which is five and twenty hun-
<Jred thoufand Pounds Sterling) "ought not to be
** propofed, and being once propofed ought to be in-:
** lifted on and purfued without confenting to any
** Diminution ; for Nobody could conceive that it
** would do more than maintain the War one Year,
** which the Parliament could not refufe to provide
•* for in the Beginning, as there was fo much in
♦* Truth of it already expended in the Preparations
** and Expedition the Duke had made in November^
*• when He went to Sea upon the Fame of the Dutch
•• Fleet's Intention to<x)nvoy the Guinea Ships through
« the Channel/*

There was not a Man in the Company, who did
not heartily wifli that that Sum or a greater might be
propofed and granted : But They all, though They
L30) agreed in few other Things, protefted, " that The^
"^^ could not advifc that fo prodigious a Sum fhould
^^be as much as named; and that They did not
** know any one Man, fince it could not be thought
*' fit that any Man who had Relation to the King's
** Service fhould move it, who had the Courage to
-*' attempt it or would be perfuaded to it."

The two Lords continued very obftinate, ^'^thaJt
^^m leis Sum fhould not be named for the Reafons
**Thcy had pvcn," which the other confcfTed to be
3iift; and They acknowledged too^ ^^ that the Pro-
^ SC^&tmi 9Qght not to be made by any Man who
. r^ FfS **was

438 The Continuation (f the Life of

^' was related to the Court, or was thought to be in
** any Grace there that might difpofe him, nor yet by
•' any Gentleman, how well foever thought of, who
f ' was of a fmall Eiliate, and fo to pay little of fo
** great a Sum He was fo liberal to give/* Thejr
therefore defired them " to name fome of thofe Meoi-
*'bers, who were honeft worthy Men, and looked
** upon as Lovers of their Country, and of gres^t For-
•* tunes, unfufpeded to have any Defigns at Court;
*' and if They were not enough acquainted with them,
•* the I^rds would find fome Way by themfelves or
*' others to move them to it." Whereupon They
named five or iix Perfons very well known, of whom
xhe Houfe had a very good Efteem, but without any
Hope that any of them would be prevailed with to
undertake it. The Lords faid, "They would try
*' what might be done, and give them Notice the
^' next Day, that if it were pofllble it might be the
V Bufmefs of the following Day."

The Chancellor and the Treaftirer chofe three lior-
folk Gendemen of thofc who had been named, becaufe
They were good Friends and grateful to each other,
and defired them the next Day " that They might
•' confer together/' They told them, " They knew
•' well the State of Affairs ; the Parliament had en-
** gaged the King in a War, that could not be car-
*' ried on without a vaft Expenfe : And therefore if
** at the Entrance into it there fliould be a fmall or
•' an ordinary Supply given, it would blaft all their
•* Hopes, and ftartle all other Princes from joining,
^' with whom the Dutch were not in Favour, and who
•* would be inclined to the King, if They faw fuch
** a Provifion for the War as would be fufficient to
** continue it iox fome Time. And therefore They
"defired to confer with them, who upon all Occa-
*' fions manifefted good Aflfeftions to the King, and
** whofe Advice had a great Influence upon the Houfe,
>^ upon the whole Matter how it might be conduft-
•' ed.'* They all confentcd to what had been faid,

and

Edward £^z^/ g^ C-t arbndon, "Gfr. C459

and promifcd their own Concurrence ancj utrnoft En-
dcavours to compafs what the King fliould defirb.
The Lords. faid, "They promifed: ?hemfdves more
** from them, and that They wouid not only ccmcu^
*' but propofe what Ihould be neceflary to be granf^
"ed.** And thereupon They enlarged upon.tbt
Charge which was already in View^ and upon what
was to be expected, and concluded >^ that two Mit-.
^* lions and a Half were neceffary to be infifted on ;"
and defured, ^' that when the Debate (hould be entered
** upon, which They hoped might be the i^xt Day^
** one of them would propofe this Sum and the other
** would fecond it.**

They looked long one upon another, as if They
were furprifcd with the Sum. At laft one of them
iaid, "that the Reafons were unanfwerable for a
*' liberal Supply ^ yet He did not expe^ that fo pro-
** digious a Sum, which He believed had never yet
** been mentioned in Parliament to be granted at one
*' Time, would be propofed : However He did nqt
^' chink it too much, and that He would do the ht&
" He could to anfwer any Objedlions which ftiouki
" be made againft it, as He doubted many would;
** but He confefled He durft not propofe it." Ano-
ther was of the fame Mind, and with many good
)Profeffions defired to be excufed as to the firft pro-
pofmg it. The third, who was Sir Robert Pafton^ a
Perfon of a much greater Eftate than Both the other
who had yet very good Fortunes,, and a Gentleman
of a very antient Extradtion by his Father ( and his
Mother was Daughter to the Earl of Undfey)^ declared
very frankly, " that He was fatisfied in his Gon-
"fcience, that it would be very good for the King-
'* dom as well as for the King that fuch a Sum Ihould
*' be granted : And therefore if They thought him
*' fit to do it, He would propofe it the next Morri-
*' ing, let other Men think what They would of him
« for it.'*

Th£

440 72r Qmtinuatkn rf tbe Life rf

The Lords gave him die Thanks TlieT ou^ to
do, and laid what was neceflary to oonfirm him, i|od
to diank the odier Gendemen for didr Promiie to
iSxond him, and gave Nodce to die reft of the Rcfo-
lutioii, that They might call for the Debate the next
Day ; which was entered into with a general Cheer-
fiilneis, every Man acknowkdg^g the Neccflky and
the Engagement oi the Houfe, bat no Man adven-
turing to name the Proportion that (hould be given.
When the Houie was in a deep Silence expeding
a&'iAbcfc that Motion, Sir Robert Pafion^ who was no frequent
^;Jj?T5.Spcakcr, but delivered what He had a Mind to 6f
t^six^SoC ytr^ clearly, ftood up, mentioned (hordy the Obfi-
gauon, the Charge ot the War, and ^^ that the pre-
^^ fent Supply ought to be fuch as might as well ter-
*^ rify the Enemy as aflift the King ; and therefore
** He propofed that They might give his Msydly two
.^ Millions and a Half, which would amount to five
♦* and twenty hundred thoufand Pounds.** TTie Si-
lence of the Houfe was not broken ; They &te as in
Amazement, until a Gendeman, who was believed to
wifh well to the King, without taking Notice of what
had been propofed, ftood up, and moved that They
might give the King a much lefs Proportion. But
then the two others, who had promifed to fecond^ re-
newed the Motion one after the otlier; which feemcd
to be entertained with a Confent of many, and was
contradifted by none : So that, after a Ihort Paufc,
no Man who had Relation to the Court fpeaking a
Word, the Speaker put it to the Queftipn, *" whemcr
•* They would give the King five and twenty hundred
^'thoufand Pounds for the carrying on the War
*' againft the Dutch ;** and the Affirmative made a
tmthit0- 8^^ Sound, and very few gave their Negative aloud,
r^h and it was notorious very many fate filent. So the
^^* Vote was prefently drawn up into an Order -, and the
Houfe refolved the next Day to be in a Committee,
f o a^rcc upon the Way that Ihould be taken for the

raifuig

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 441

raifing this vafl: Sum, the Proportion whereof could
no more be brought into Debate.

This brave Vote gave the King the firft Liking of
the War : It was above what He had expefted or in-
deed wifhed to be propofed. And They, who had
been at the firft Conference, and delivered the Refo-
lution of the two Lords as impoflible to be com-
paffed, not without Infinuation as if it were afFcfted
only to indifpofe the Houfe to the War (yet They did
not think fit to vary from the Proportion, till They
ikw the Succefs of the Propofition, which the Lords
were engaged to procure a fit Perfon to make) 5 when
They found the Conclufion to be fuch as could be
wiflied. They commended the Counfel, and fell into
another Extreme, that in the Thing itfelf and in the
Confequence did very much Harm ; which fhall be
next mentioned, after I have faid that there appeared
great Joy and j^xaltation of Spirit upon this Vote,
and not more in the Court than upon the Exchange,
the Merchants generally being unfkilfuUy inclined to
that War, above what their true Intereft could invite
them to, as in a Ihort Time afterwards They had
Caufe to confefs,

5 The King fent to the Lord Mayor to call a Com-
mon Council, and commanded the Chancellor, Trea-
furer, and other Lords of his Council, to go. thither;
who, upon the Credit of this Vote of the Houfe of
Commons for this noble Supply, prevailed with the
City prcfently to furnifh the king with the Loan of
two hundred thoufand Pounds 5 which being within
few Days paid into the Hands of the Treafurer of the
Navy, all Preparations for the Fleet, and of whatever
clfe was neceflary for the Expedition, were provided
with marvellous Alacrity : And the Parliament made
what Hafte was poffible to difpatch the Bill, by
yrhich their great Prefenf might be collcfted from
the People.

It hath been faid before, that in moft vacant
pieces, upon the Death of any Members, Ways were

found

442 ^he Continuation of the Life of

found out to procure fome of the King's doraeftick
Servants to be clefted in their Places j fo that his
Majefty liad many Voices there at his Devotion ;
which did not advance his Service. Thefe Men con-
fidently ran out of the Houfe ftiU to inform the King
of what was doing, commended this Man, and dil^
commended another who deferved better ; and would
many Times, when his Mwfty fpake well of any
Man, a(k his Majefly "if He would give them
*' Leave to let that Perfon know how gracious his
•^ Majefly was to him, or to bring him to kifc his
*' Hand." To which He commonly confcnting, eve-
ry one of his Servants delivered fome Meflage from
mm to a Parliament-Man, and invited him to Court
as if the King would be willing to fee him. And by
this Means the Rooms at Court, where the King was,
were always full of the Members of the Houfe of
Commons ; this Man brought to kifs his Hand, and
the Kinc; induced to confer with that Man, and to
thank him for his AfFedion, which never could con-
clude without fome general Expreflion of Grace or
Promife, which the poor Gentleman always inter-
preted to his own Advantage, and expcdled fome
Fruit from it that it could never yield : All which,
being contrary to all former Order, did the King no
Good, and rendered thofe unable to do him Service
who were inclined to it.
^iriVRai^ Th e mw Secretary, and Sir Charles Berkley^ who
c.Berki<^ by tiiis Time was entered very far into the Kings
*^{iS^ Favour and his Confidence, were the chief, and by
SXpaiion. their Places had Accefs to him in all Places and
Hours : And They much difliked the Officioufnefs of
the others, as if They prefumed to invade their Pro-
vince. They thought it but their Due, that the King
fhould take his Meafures of the Houfe of Commons
by no other Report but theirs, nor difpenfe his Gra-
ces there through any other Conduit. They took
this Occafion to carefs Sir Robert PaJioHy who was a
Stranger to them, and to magnify the Service He

hi

Edward E^r/ g/" Clarendon, &c. 443

had done the King, and the great Senfe the King had
of it, and that He did long to give him his own
Thanks: They invited him to come to the Court,
and Sir CbarUs Berkley told him as from the King^
•' that his Majefty refolvcd to make him a Baron.**
And by thefe daily Courtfhips and Importunities the
Gentleman, who was well fatisfied with what He had
done, and never propofed any Advantage to himfelf
from it, was amufed, and thought He w^ not to re-
fufc any Honour the King thought him worthy of,
nor to neglcft thofe Graces which were offered to him
by Perfons of their Intereft. Yet He made not Hafte
to go to the Court, believing that it might make
him lefs capable of ferving the King, and that any
Favour his Majefty fhould do him would be more
fealbnable hereafter than at prefent, left He might be
thought to have made that Motion in the Houfe upori
Promife of the other Reward. Yet after continued
Invitations He went thither, and thofe Gentiemen
prefented him to the King, who fpake very gracioufly
n)to him, tojd him, " He had done him great Service,
'* which He would never forget," and many other
princely Expreffions, and " that He fhould be glad
*' fo fee him often," but no Particular to that Pur-
pofe which had been mentioned to him.

When He went next. He found his Majefty's
Countenance the fame : But They, who had courted
and amufed him fo much, grew every Day more
dry and referved towards him ; of which He com-
plained to a Friend of his who He knew had Intereft
in the Chancellor, and defired him to acquaint him
with all that had pafted, who had not till then heard
that He had been at Court, and when He was in-
formed of the whole Relation was very much troubled,
well knowing, that how acceptable foever thofe Kinds
of Courtfhips were for few Days, they were attended
with many Inconveniences when the End was not
correfpondent with the Beginning. He knew well the
Rtiblution the King had taken to create no more

Nobler

444 ^^ Continuatiofi of the Life of

Noblemen, the Number whereof already too much
exceeded : However He was very forry, that a Per-
ion of that Quality and Merit ihould be expofed to
any Indignity, for having endeavoured in fuch a Con-
jundture to do his Majcfty a fignal Service, and fuc-
ceeded fo well ; and fpake with the King at large of
it, and gave his Majefty a full Account of the Mo-
defty and Temper of the Gendeman, of his Quality
and Intereft, and what had been faid and promued to
him. The King was troubled, owned all that He
had faid himfelf to him, as being very hearty, and
** that He would never forget the Service He had
•' done, but requite it upon any Opportunity \* but
protefted, " that He had never made any fuch Pro-
** mife, nor given Sir Charles Berkley any Authority to
•* mention any fuch Thing to him, which would prove
** very inconvenient ;" and therefore wifhed, ** that
** his Friend would divert him from profecuting fuch
** a Pretence, which He knew to be contrary to his
*' Refolution/'

Th E Chancellor knew not what to fay, but truly
advertifed his Friend of all the King had faid, who
again informed Sir Rolfert Paftottj who thought him-
felf very hardly treated, and went to Sir Charles Berk-
leyy who had not the fame open Arms, yet aflurcd
him " that He had faid Nothing to him but by the
" King's Direftion, which He muft aver. That He
** did not ufe to interpofe or move the King in any of
** his Affairs : But if He would defire the Chancellor
** to take Notice of it, who He knew had a great
** Aflfedtion for him, and upon whofe Defire He had
** performed that great Service, He was confident it
*' would be attended with the Succefs He wiftied, to
** which He would contribute all his Endeavours ;**
intimating, " that if He had not what He defu-ed,
" He might impute it to the Chancellor.'* Upon
which Sir Robert^ who was well aflured of the Chan-
cellor's Kindnefs, concluded that his Court-Friends
lud deluded him, or expelled Money, which He

woul4

Edward Earl of Clarendon, G?r. 445

would not give : And fo the Matter ended with Pre*-
judicie to the King.

Notwithstanding thefe and the like very incon-
venient Adivities^ which loft more Friends than were
gotten by them, the Noife of this ftupendous Supply,
given to the King at one Time, made good Im-
preflions upon all who had any Afieftions for the
King, and was wondered at in thofe Places where
Money was moft plenty. In Holland it wrought even
to Confternation, and the common People cried aloud
for Peace, and the SlaUs pretended to have great
Hope as well as Defire of it, and fent their Ambaflii-
dour, who remained ftill in England^ new Orders to
folicit it.

In the mean Time the King negleAed not to apply w» CmeHm
what Endeavours He could ufe, to difpole his AlUetlf^^t
to acl fuch Parts as their own Intereft might reafon- ^^k*-
ably invite them to. From France He expedled only
^34) Neutrality, by Reafon He knew He had renewed the
Alliance with the Spates ; but never fufpeded, that it
was in fuch a Manner as would hinder the Neutrality.
Spain could do little Good or Harm, nor durft it to
engage againft Holland: Yet all was done that was
neceflary towards a good Correfpondence with it.
The two Northern Kings would find themfelves con-
cerned, at leaft to wifh better to one Side than to the
other -, and had been Both fo difobliged by the Dutcb^
that had it not been for the irreconcilable Jealoufy
They had of each other. They might have been
united to the Intereft of England. But Denmark had
in the late War given what They could not keep nor
recover, and yet could hardly be without ; and Sweden
looked with too much Contempt upon the Weaknefi
and Unaftivity of their Neighbour, to give back any
Thing They had got : And this reftrained them Both
from provoking an Enemy that might give Strength
to the other.

Yet Denmark had the Year before by Hannibal
Zejled^ who went Ambafladour into France and made

JT^tr^

44^ ^^^ CMtinudtwn of the Life of

Englaitd his Way, made many Complaints to the
King " of the Oppreflion the Crown of Denmsrk un-
^^ derwent by the Dutcbj and the Relblution it had
** to fhake off that Yoke as fbon as an Opportunitf
^ fhookl be offered ; ** and made a Requdft to tlw
King, " that He would endeavour to make the Al-
^* liance io fait between Denmark and Sweden^ that
•* the Jcatoufy of each other might hinder neither of
•* them from doing any Thing that was for their own
•*^ Intercft, without Prejudice to the other.'* And
whtn the Difficulty was alleged, in Regard that
Sweden would never be perfuaded to part with EIfeti$riy
and thoib other Places which had been given up in
the late Treaty ; Hannibal Zefted confented that what
was done in that Treaty (hould be again confirmed,
and faid ^^ his Mafter was willing and defirous that
*^ the King of England fliould undertake and be
•* Caution fbr the Obfervation of this Treaty ;" im-
plying, **that if this were done, and thereby the
" Fear of any further Attempt from Sweden were cx-
** tinguiflied, Denmark would not be long without rc-
•* deeming icfelf from the Vexation which it endured
** from HoUandy which, upon former Neccflities and
*' ill Bargains, upon the Matter had an Exempdon
•• from paying all Duties upon their own great Trade
** through the Sounds as much to the Prejudice of all
5* other Princes as of the poor Crown of Denmark.'*
This having fo lately paffed from a Minifter of that
Crown, the King thought it a good Time to endea-
vour to do that Office between the two Crowns, and
thereby to unite them Both to the King in tlus Con-
junftion againft the Dutch ; at leaft that They might
Both remain good Friends to his Majefty, and fup-
ply him with all thofe Provifions without which his
Navy could not be fupported, and as far as was
poffible reftrain the Dutch from thofe Supplies, bf
making fuch large Contrafts with the Engiifh^ that
there would not be enough left fbr the other.

Edward Earl g/* Clarendon, -^r. 44^

Upon this Ground He fent Mr. Henry Coventry t^ Amiaipidmtrt
[lis Bedchamber to the Swede, whofc Friendlhip He^Vk^°"
tnuch more valued as more able to aflift him, and Sweden.
Lipon whofe Word He could more firmly depend
And to Denmark He fent Sir Gilbert Talhty who was
acceptable to that CroWn' by his having performed
many Offices of Refpeft to the Prined of Denmark^
when H^' had been incegHito in England j and waited
upon him to feveral Partscf the Kingdom whom Htt
had a Mind' to fee, andfoeaufed him to be entertain-
ed in feveral Gentlemen's Houfes in his Journey,' of
which the Prince feemed very fenfible when He de-
parted. That which was expefted from that Negol
tiation, except the Confidfence could be created be-
tween the t!wo Crowns^ was only to prefcrvt Denmark
\ Friend,* that He might not fevour the Dufcbj and
might recall all his Subjefts out of their Service ; and
that We might have the fame Freedom of Tradei
uid the Security of his Ports for our Men of War.

Whilst the King took this^Care for the Advance- PrtMi
[Tient of his Affairs abroad, there was an Advantage ^J^^^
offered him- that looked as if it came from Htaven.^^^^A
There came one Day a Gentleman, who looked ra-^j^'JS^
ther like a Carter, who fpoke ill Et^Jh, and defired DutcK
that He might have a' private Audience with the Chan-
cellor; who prcfently fent for him, and in a fliorr
Time knew him to be a BenediSine Monk, who had
been fometime^ with him at Cologne^ and betonged to
the Engtijh Abbey at Lamfpring in H^eJfpbaUaj where
a very reverend Perfon' of the Familj^ of Gafcoigne in
Torkjhire was Abbot, with whom the Chancellor had
much Acquaintance, and eftecmcd him very much ;
and He had, during the Time the King ftayed ill
Cvhgne, fent this Monk feveral Times thither, whb
was lite wife a Gentleman, but by living long in Ger-
marrf had almoft forgot the Language as well as the
Manners of his own Country. His Bufmefs n6w was
to- deliver him a Letter (whereof He knew little of
Ac Contents) from theBifhop oi Munfier, upon the

Edge

448 ^ Cmtitmatton of the Life of

j^ge of whofe Dominions that EngUfi Abbey was
feated, which had likewife a Territory that extended
to the Principality of the other, and received much
Favour and rrotedion from the other ; who defired
the Abt>ot to give him an honeft Man, that woukl
carry a Letter from him to the Court of EttgUmd:
Upon which this Monk was deputed, the rather be-
caufe He was known to the Chancellor. The Matter
of the Letter was no more, than '^ that if the War
^^ againft Holland was to be refolutely profecuted b^
*' the King of England^ He (the Bifliop) conceived
^^ that a Conjundtion with thofe Allies, who could
*^ infeft the Dutch by Land as his Majefty would do
^' by Sea, might not be unacceptable to his Mafefty^
*^ and in that Cafe, upon the Anfwer to this Letter,
** He would fend a fit Perfon to make Ibme Propo-
" fitions to the King and to treat with him*'* The
Inftru£tibns the Monk had, were ^^ to make all poffi-
^' ble Hafte back, and that as foon as He returned on
*' that Side the Sea, He fhould fend the Anfwer He
•* had received, by the Poft, fo direded as was ap-
^^ pointed ; and then that himfelf fliould ftay at Bruf
^^fels till He received farther Orders/*

The Chancellor quickly informed the King of this
Difpatch, to whom the Monk was likewife icnown ;
and his Majefty immediately affembled thofe Lords
with whom He confulted in the moft fccret Cafes,
Every Body knew fo much of the Bifhop of Mmficfj
that He was a warlike Prince, having had Command
in Armies before He dedicated himfelf to the Church,
and that He had a great Animofity againft HeOatuk
which had difobliged him in the higheft Point, by
encouraging his Subjedb to rebel againft him, and
thofe of his City of Munfter to ftiut their Gates againft
him : And when He endeavoured to reduce them by
Force, and to that Purpofe had befieged them with
his Army, the Dutch fent an Army to relieve it, and
declared that They would proteft that City, And by
this Means, and by the Mediation of the neighbour

Princes,

Edw AJi.D\Ear/ ^f Clarewiton, &c. 449

Frinoas, whp ha^ no Mind that the Peace of their
Country fliould bp difliMrbed by fticH. an Incurfion, the
BUhop w^ ^indpred ifroqi taking xhat Vengeance up^
gn his rebci S^jbje<^s which He intended,, and com*

Se}Ie4 tp accfpf pf &ich. Conditions as did not pleaie
i<n. Anii ^ tfois was but two Iffars before, and
lipilpd ftiU in his ftreaftv^^t/Wasiiaturally very, hot.
But;He was^4 poor Prince, unable- ^to give any Diftur*
trance to xkt United Provinces^ whofe Dominions ex«>
teivl^ within a D^y'^ Ma?ch of his. However every
Maa was of Opinion, th^c the P^opofition ou^ht to
|)e v^iy Wndiy rceeived, and jhe ^iflbop invited to
iefKl iIms Ag^nc And to th^it Pu^oTe the Chancellor
36) wrpte ,to him, wd the Monk* was 2ifpf tchcd the next
}j|«y. .An4 haying o^erve^ hj^ prdors in ^ding
awjiy the,Anfwer, He^was -very.f?w Days at Brujjels^
when A Servant of the Qijhop arrive^ ;«^th Orderjs that
t^ Mot^k ihpuld acppfpp^ny hiin.b^ac^ into Et^lfmA-:
A^^ They ftwh a^rw^ ip Z^?/?^ iiji Icis Time tiiaa
C3DuW ibp cxpcjdtei ....

The Qentkm^ 5i^ho canoe from the £i(hop ^2&
a Vfiry proper M^n, wdlJjred, a Baron~6f that Coun-
try, l|ut a SubjeA to the EljihQp:. Hie. {brought, with
hiinira Letter of Crc^dit from the J3i|hop to the lfang»
fi(i4 £^U Authority ito treat and conclude according to
iy^ In.$rvdip9S9 iv^ich He likew^ prefented to H%
M[ikje%. Jtje brought likewife a letter to the Cliiinr
j:i$Uor frpm (h^ :l^lp^r of Mmiz^ in which I^.xcp-
jog^omeod^d to. him the Perfon whom the JSifhop of
Mm^ :(hojil4 fend, and declane^ >:" thajC He •believed
V^ fiiihcp pf Ml^ft^ would 'be at^^ to :pcifprm
?* wbatibcver He ^Hftuld wadortafee :'' Which iiCttor
^^.d yory f^r^aff Ef^coqragpment tp the^ing ; ifor.hk
tMi^l^vkneW:t^ ^]€^r of A&;x<z very well to t|e a
irety Ni^e Prince and ppt^M^ictofly ^is Friend, and ^at
jBfc .Wfiwld iio^ Jay fo much oif : the Abifity of ,thc
3iP(h$ip ito p^rfpriDj exqept He -kin^w patticujbrly his ;.
JC^fii^, and wjiftt JbJt wppW lUndcttaJtc t;o dp.

45^ ^^^ Cofitinuatim of the tife of

The Baron's Inftradions were to propofe, " thtt
** his Majefty would caufe one hundred choufand
*^ Pounds to be immediately paid, by Bills of Ex-
•* change at Hamburgh or Cologne or Francforty to fuch
*^ Perfons as the Bimop (hould appoint to receive it ;
*' and (hould promife to pay fifty tnoufand Pounds by
^^ the Month m the fame Places for three Months to
** come : Afterwards He hoped the Army would pro-
** vide for its own Support. This being undertaken
•* on his Majefty's Part, the Bifhop would be en-
*' gaged, within orte Month after the firft Bills of
^' Exchange for the one hundred thoufand Pounds
** fhould be delivered into the Hands of his Agent the
*' Baron, that He would be in the Dominions of the
^* States General with an Army of lixteen thoufand
** Foot and four thoufand Horfe ; with which He
•• was very confident He fhould within few Days be
•* poflefled of jfmbeim^ and fhortly after of Utrecht:
" And if the King's Fleet came before Amfieriam^
^^ that Army of the Bifhop fhould march to what
♦* Place or Quarter his Majefly fhould direft.**

The Baron was afked, ^' how it could be poflible
** for the Bifhop, thoueh a gallant Prince ant^very
** aftive, to draw tc^tner fuch an Army in lb fhort
** a Time out of his fmall Province ; and how He
•* was fure that his Neighbours, who two Years bc-
^^ fore had compelled him to make fo difadvantageous
" a Peace with the Butch^ would not a&ain ufe the
•* fame violent Importunity to obflruft his Proceed*

^* ings." To which He anfwered, ** that the Bifhq)
** would never undertake to bring fuch an Army to-

*" gether in fo fhort a Time, in which They could
" not be levied, but that He knriws They are already

^^ levied, and upon an AiTurance of Money dan be

•** brought together in the fhort Time propofed : ¥(X
*Vthe other, the Interpofkion of his Neighbours, He

^*' had not then, when They prevailed. Half that Ar-
*^ my which He was fure He fhould now have ; be-

^^ fidei thofe Neighbours were now as much incenTed

Edward Earl of Clares doix, d^c. 451

^ againft the Dutch as his Mafter was, and would all
^^ engage with him againft them ; and that many q£
^« the Army that is defigned were at prcfcnt quartered
^* in their Dominions ; and that the Bifhop intended
** not to march in his own private Capacity, but as
** General of the Empire, for which the Eleftor of
U Mmtz had undertaken to procure him a Com*
** miffion- " He was demanded " how his Mafter
** ftood with France^ and whether He did not fear that
•* it would either prevent the Enterprife by Media*
•* tion, or difappoint it by fending Aid to Holland.*^
37)He anfwered » " his Mafter was confident France
*^ would not do him any Harm : That He had fenc an
•* Agent, from whom He fliould be fure to receive
*• Letters by every Poft." And within few Days
after, He (hewed a Letter that He had received
from that Agent, in which He faid, ^^ that Monficur
^^ de Uonne bade him afilire the Bifhop, that hi$
** Cbrifiian Majefty would do Nothing to his Pre*
♦* judice."

This being the State of that Affsur, the King con*
fidered what He was to do. The Propofitions madp
by the Bifhop were fuch, as it was not poflible for
him to comply with. But then it was prcfumed by
every Body, that very much would be abated of the
Money that was demanded : For it was not an auxi*
liary Army that was to be raifed for the Kind's Ser*
vice, whofe Conquefh were to be applied to nis Be-
nefit, but an Army raifed to revenge the Injuries
which himfelf had received, and what He fhould get
muft be to his own Account ; and his Majef^y's Hof^
tility at Sea would as much facilitate his Enterprife at
Land, as the marching of his Army might probably
difturb and diftraft their Preparations for the Sea»
Yet it could not be expeded, that the Bifhop could
draw his Army together (and the Attempt was not
to be made with lefs Force) without a good Supply of
Money» nor keep it together without Pay.

452 Tbi ContMurtidn of tbe Life rf

The Advantage, that would with God's Blefliog
attend this Conjunction, fprcad itfelf to a vciy laigc
Profpcft. That the Pcopk generally in the PraviMca
were very unfadsficd with this War, was a Thing no-
torious ; and that the frovince of HoUamd which ht-
gan it, and was cntirdy. governed by De H^ij did
even compel the other Provinces to concur with them,
partly upon Hope that a farther Prpgrcfs would be
prevented by Treaty, or that a Peace would follow
upon the fiift Engagement. But when They (hould
fee an Army of twenty thouiand Men, which They
fufpcfted not, to invade their Country at Laxui^ add
m that Part where They were moft iecure, and horn
whence fo much of their neceflary Provifions weit
daily brought; They mult be in great Confbcmation,
dnd draw all their Land Army together, which They
had not dbne in near twenty Years, and could not be
done to any Efieft without vaft Charge, which would
put the People into a loud DiftraAion. Finally, there
was great Reafon to cherifli the Defign : And there-
fore the King refolved by an unanimous Advice to
undertake any Thing towards it^ that could be in his
Power to perform.

There was one Difficulty occurred, that had not
been thought of nor fo much as apprehended by the
Karon, which was the Return of the Money, what-
foever fhould be affigned to that Service ; for of the
thrte Places propofed by him, befides the Secrecy that
was requifite, all the Trade c^ Landm could not afligo
onoe thoufand Pounds in the Month to be paid iqpoii
Cologne and Francfort % nor could Hamhtrgh itfelf be
charged with twenty thouiand Pounds in tlurc McMichs
Time : Which when the Agent knew. He feenied
amazed, and fkid *'They had believed that it had
?' been as eafy to have tranfmittcd Money to thofe
•* three Town^, as it was fbr them to receive it frwn
>*. thence/'

I N Conclufiott, the King §gi>8e hisAnftirer in Wrfc
ling, what Sum <rf Money He would caufe to be

paid

EDWiwRX) Earl of Ci.ARBii|>ON, ^c 4^

paid at once for the firft Advance, that the Biihpjp
might begin his March, and what H^ would afterr
wards caufe to be paid by the Month; which being
lefs than the Baron*s Inftruftions would adniit jiiqei
to accept. He fent an Exprefs with it Jto the Bifliep :
And " till his Return," He dcfired, ^^ that the King
*' would appoint fome Pcrfon of Experience to con-
" fer widl him ; and They might together inform
" themfelves of the beft Expedient^ to return Money
i«)" into Germattfj fince his Majefty had hitherto only
" undertaken to pay his Aflignations in London."^*
What Succefs this Treaty afterwards had will be re-
lated in it3 Place.

The SI Advantages from abroad being in thi^ Manh
ncr deliberated and defigned, it may be very feafon-
^ble to look back, and confider what Preparations
were made at Home towards the carrying on thi$ War,
for which the Parliament had provided fo bountifully*:
And if ordinary Prudence had been applied to the
Managery, if any Order and Method had beejj con-
fulted and fteadily purfued for the conducing the
Whole, the Succefs would have been^^uifwerable, and
at leaft any Inconvenience from the fodden Want of
Money would have been prevented.' But whoever
was at any near Diftanoe in tiiat Time when thofe
Traniadtions were in Agitation, as there are yet many
wcMthy Men who were, or ftiall be able to procure a
lincere Information of the Occurrences of that Time,
will be obliged to confefs, that They who contrived
the War had the entire conducting it, and were the
fole Caufes of all the ill EfFeds of it -, which canngt
be fet down particularly without wounding thofe, whp
were by their Confidence in ill Inftruments made ac-
cefTary to thofe Mifchiefs, in which themfelves fuf-
fered moft. Nor is it the End of this true Relation
to fix a Brand upon the Memory of thofe, who de-
ferve it from the Publick and from very many worthy
Men, but is to ferve only for a Memorial to caft mv
own Eyes upon, when I cannot but rcfiedk upon thoie

G g 3 Pro-

454 ^ Continuation of the Life qf

Proceedings ; and by my Confent (hall never <}omc
into any Hands but theirs, who for their own Saka
will take Care to preferve it from any publick View
or Perufal.
fheSwetf It cannot be denied and may very truly be aver-
frj^i^ red, that from the Hour of the King's Return and
Khf^iB^ being poflefled of the entire Government, the Naval
Affairs were never put into any Order. That Pro-
vince, being committed to the Duke as Lord Hig^
Admiral of England^ was entirely engrofled by his
Servants, in Truth by Mr. Coventry^ who was newljr
made his Secretary, and who made Ufe of his o'her
Servants^ who were better known to him, to infbfc
into his Highnefs the Opinion, ** that whoever pre-
^ fumed to meddle in any Thing that related to the
<« Navy or the Admiralty, invaded his Jurifclidiofl,
♦* and would Icflen him in the Eyes of the People ;
•• and that He ought to be jealous of fuch Men, as
*^ of thofe who would undermine his Greatnefs ; and
^^ that as He was fuperiour to all Men by being the
^* King's Brother, fo being High Admiral He was
** to render Account to none but to the King, nor
•• fiiffer any Body elfe to intcrpofe in any Thing rc-
** lating to it/' Whereas in Truth there is no Officer
of the Crown more fubje£b to the Council-Board than
the Admiral of England^ who is to give an Account
of all his Aftions and of every Branch of his Office
conftantly to the Board, and to receive their Orders :
Nor hath He the Nomination of the Captains of the
Ships, till upon the Prefcntation of their Names He
receives their Approbation, which is never denied.
Nor was there any Counfellor who had ever fate at
the Board in the laft King's Time, to whom this
was not as much known as any Order of the Table.

But there was no retrieving this Authority, not
only from the Influence Mr. Coventryy and They of
the Family who adhered to him, had upon the Duke,
but from the King's own Inclination, who thought
fhat thofc Officers, who imn^cdiately depenjled upon

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Q^c. 455

himfelf and only upon himfelf, were more at his De«
votion than They who were obliged to give an Ac-
count to any other Superioun w^d from the Time
that He came firft into Frauccy He had noc been ac«
cuftomed to any Difcourfe more than to the under-
valuing the Privy Council, as if it (hadowed the King
S9>too much, and ufurped too much of his Authority^
and too often fuperfeded his own Commands. And
the Queen his Mother had, upon thefe Difcourfes,
always ibme Inltances of the Authority which in fuch
a Cafe the Council had aflumed againft the King's
Judgment ; the Excepuon to which, according to the
Relation which Nobody could aueftion, feemed to be
very reafbnable. This Kind or Difcourfe, being the
Subje£t of every Day, made fb great Impreflion that
at could never be defaced, and made the EleAion and
Nomination of Counfellors lefs confxdered, fince They
were to be no more advifed with afterwards than
before.

Another Argument, that ufed to be as frequently
infilled upon by the Queen, and with more rafllon
and Indignation, was of the little Refpedl and Reve-
rence, that by the Law or Cuftom of England was
paid to the younger Sons of the Crown ; and thoush
there was Nobody prefent in thofe Conveffations who
knew any Thing of the Law or Cyftom in thofe
Cafes, yet ,aU that was faid was taken as granted.
And not only the Duke but the King himfcif had a
marvellous Prejudice to the Nation in that Part of
good Manners : And it was eaCly agreed, that the
Model of France was in thofe and other Cafes much
more preferable, and which was afterwards obferved
in too many.

This being then the State and Temper of the Royal
Family when the King returned, which then confided
of the Duke of Gkcefter^ and two Princeflcs more than
it now hath ; the very next Morning after the Fleet
came to Scbevelingj the Duke went on Board and took
PgiTeflion of it as Lord High Admiral : And fo his

Secre^

456 Tie ContiMdthk of tbt Lifi 6f '

Sectary provided new Commiffions for all the Offi-
cers who were in prefent Command, for which it is
probable They all paid very liberally ; for with him
the Cuftom began to receive five Pounds for every
Warrant figned by the Duke, and for which no S(>
cretary to any Lord Admiral formerly had ever re-
ceived above twenty Shillings. Mr.- Coventry^ who
Was utterly unacquainted with all the Rules and
Cuftoms of the Sea^ and knew none of the Officers,
but was much courted by all, as the Secretary to the
Admiral always is^ made Choice of Captain Pcn^
whom the King knighted as foon as He came on
Board ; who from a common Man had grown up
under Cromwell to the higheft Command, and was in
great Favour with him till He failed in the AAion of
kSV. Domingo^ when He went Admiral at Sea, as Vena-
hies was General at Land, for which They were Both
imprifoned in the Tower by Cromwell, nor ever em-
ployed by him afterwards : But upon his Death He
had Command again at Sea, as He had at this Time
under Mountague when He came to attend the King.
With this Man Mr. Coventry made a faft Friendfhipi
and was guided by him in all Things.

All the Offices which belonged to the Ships, to
the Navy, to the Yards, to the whole Admiralty (ex-
cept the three fuperiour Officers, which arc not in the
Diipofal of the Admiral), were now void, and to bi
fupplied by the Duke, that is, by Mr. Coventry % who
by the Advice of Sir William Pen^ who was folely
trufted by him in the Brocage, conferred them upon
fhofe (without obferving any other Rule) who woukl
jgivemoft Money, not confidering any honeft Seaihan
who had continued in the King's Service, or fuffered
long Imprifonment for him. And becaufe an incre-
dible Sum of Money did and would rife this Way,
fonie principal Officers in the Yards, as the Matter
Smith and others, and the. Keepers of the Stofts,
yielding fcven, eight hundred or a thoufand Pounds j
He had Uie Skill to iiiove die Puke to t>eftow fuck

Mw7

EDWAkiy Earl of ClarvEM^^n^ &c. 457

Money as would arife upion fuch Plate upon Sir
Claries Berkley^ for another to Another, arid for ftHnfe
to be divided between two or three : By which Means
40) the whole Family was obliged, and retained to juftily
him ; and the Duke himfelf looked upon it as a Ge-
nerofity in Mr. Coventry^ to accommodate his Fclloir
Servants v^idi what He might have aflced or kept for
himielf. But it was the beft Hufbandry He could
have ufed : For by this Means all Men's Mouths were
itppped^ and all Clamour fecured ; whi}fl: the lefier
Sums for a Multitude of Offices of all Kinds were re*
ferved to himfelf, and which, in the Eftimation of
thofe who were at /k> great Diftance, amounted to a
very great Sum, and more than "Jiny Officer under the
King could poflibly get by all the Perquifites of hift
Place Jn many Years. By this Means, the whole
Navy and Ships were filled with the fame Men who
had enjoyed the fame Places and Offices under Crtm^
iveU^ and thereby were the better able to pay well Iw
them ; whereof many of the moft infamous Perfons
which that Time took Notice of were now become
the King's Officers, to the great Scandal of their
lioneft Neighbours, who obferved that They retained
the feniie Manners and AfFeAions, and Ufed the fanie
Difcouffes They had formerly done.

Besides maliy other irreparable Inconveniences and
Miichiefs which refulted from this Corruption and
Choice, one grew quickly vifible and notorious, in
the ftealing and embezzling all Manner of Things
4out of the Ships, even when they were in Service :
But when they returned from any Voyages, incredi-
ble Proportions of Powder, Match, Cordage, Sails,
Anchors, and all other Things, inftead of being re-
ftored to the feveral proper Offices which were to re-
ceive them, were embezzled and fold, and very often
fold to the King himfelf for the fctting out other Ships
and for replenifhing his Stores. And when this was
difcoVered ( as many Times it was ) and the criminal
Peffeo «J>pftfec»4cci, it WW alleged bjr him as a De-
fence

45$ 7^ Omtinuation rf the Life rf

fence or Excufe^ *^ that He had pud io dear for his
T' Place, that He could not maintain himfelf and Fi-
^^ niily without praftifing fuch Shifts :** And none of
thoie Fellows were ever brought to exemplary Juf-
tice, and moil of them were reftored to their Em-
ployments.

The three fuperiour Officers of the Navy were
pofTeiTed of their Offices by Patents under the Great
Seal of England before the king's Return ; and Thqr
are the natural eftablifhed Council of the Lord Hi^
Admiral, and are to attend him when He requires it,
and always ufed of Courfe to be with him one certain
Day in a Week, to render him an Account of all the
State of the Office, and to receive his Orders and to
give their Advice. And now becaufe thefc three de-
pended not enough upon him, but efpecially out of
Animofity againft Sir George Carteret^ who belides be-
ing Treafurer of the Navy was Vice-Chamberlain of
the King's HoufhDld, and fo a Privy Counfellor; Mr.
Coventry propofed to the Duke, ^^ that in Regard of
*^tbe Multiplicity of Bufinefs in the Navy, much
^ more than in former Times, and the fetting out
^greater Fleets than had been accuftomed in that
**^Age when thofe Officers and that Model for the
•• Government of the Navy had been eftablilhed, hb
*• Royal Highnefs would propofe to the King to make
" an Addition, by Commiffioners, of fome other Pcr-
** fons always to fit with tlie other Officers with equal
** Authority, and to fign all Bills with them ;** which
was a Thing never heard of before, and is in Truth
a leffening of the Power of the Admiral. It is very
true, there have frequently been Commiffioners for
the Navy -, but it hath been in the fame Place of the
Admiral and to perform his Office: But in the Time
of an Admiral Commiffioners have not been heard of.
One principal End in this was, to draw from the
Treafurer of the Navy ( whofe Office Mr. Coventrj
thought too great, and had implacable Aninx>f2ty
Againft hini from the firlt Hour after He luid made

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 459

his Fricndihip with Pen) out of his Fees (which;
^} though no greater than were granted by his Patent
and had been always enjoyed by his Predeceflbrs,
\fttt indeed greater than had ufed to be in Times of
Peace, when much lefs Money paflfed through his
Hands) what (hould be enough to pay thofe Com-
mi0ioners; for it was not reaibnable They fhould
fcrvc for Nothing, nor that They (hould be upon the
King's Charge, fince the Treafurer's Perquifites might
be enough for all.

The Duke liked the Propofition well, and without
conferring with any Body elfe upon it propofed it
to the King at the Council-Board, where Nobody
thought fie to examine or debate what the Duke pro-
pofed; and the King approved it, and ordered " that
** the Commiffioners fhould receive each five hundred
•* Pounds by the Year :'* But finding afterwards that
the Treafurer of the Navy's Fees were granted to him
under the Great Seal, his Majefty did not think it
juft to take it from him, but would bear it himfelf,
and appointed the Treafurer to pay and pafs thofe
Penfions in his Account. The Commiflioners named
and commended by the Duke to the King were the
Lord Berkley^ Sir John Law/on^ Sir fVilliam Pen^ and
Sir George j^fcue, the three laft the moft eminent Sea-
Officers under Cromwell^ but it muft not be denied
but that They ferved the King afterwards very faith-
fully. Thefe the King made his Commiffioners, with
a Pcnfion to each of five hundred Pounds the Year,
and in fome Time after added Mr. Coventry to the
Number with the fame Pcnfion : So that this firft
Reformation in the Time of Peace coft the King one
Way or other no lefs than three thouland Pounds
yearly, without the leaft vifible Benefit or Advantage.
The Lord Berkley underftood Nothing that related
cither to the Office or Employment, and therefore
yery feldom was prcfent in the Execution. But after
He had enjoyed the Pcnfion a Year or thereabout^
Hf procure4 l^avs tp fell lus Pl^ge, and procured a.

een.

460 . The Continuation of tie Life of

Gentlemaii, Mr. T!bomas Harotfy to give him three
thoMfarid Pounds for ic : So foon this temponuy Com-
miffioi)) which might have expired within a Month,
got the Reputation of. an Office for Life :by the good
Managery of an Officer.
TTbeStstirf Th I s was the State of the Navy before the War
JtcS^-With Holland was refolvcd upon. Let us in the nm
j^o/^ Place fee what Alterations were made in it, or whit
'^' other Preparations were made, or Counfeh eotered
upon, for the better Condudt of this War : And a
dear and impartial View or Refledion upon what was
then faid and done, gave difcerning Men an unhappjr
Prcfage of what would follow. There was no Ett-
courfe now in the Court, after this Royal Sublidy of
five and twenty hundred thoufand Pounds was granted,
but "of giving the Law to the whole Trade of
*' Cbrifiendom \ of making all Ships which pafled by
*• or through the narrow Seas to pay an Impofition
•* to the King, as all do to the King of Denmark who
^* pafs by the Sound ; and making all who pafs near
" to pay Contribution to his Majefty ;** which muft
concern all the Princes of Cbrifiendom : And the King
and Duke were often defu-ed to difcountenance and
fupprcfs this impertinent Talk, which muft incrcafc
the Number of the Enemies. Commiflioners were
appointed to refide in all or the moft eminent Port-
Towns, for the Sale of all Prize-Goods ; and thcfc
were chofen for the moft Part out of thofe Members
of the Houfe of Commons, who were a£tive to ad-
vance the King's Service or who promifed to be fo, to
whom liberal Salaries were affigncd.
^/T^rr There were then Commiflioners appointed to
Ifpc-^.'d! judge all Appeals, which fhould be made upon and
againft all Sentences given by the Judge of the Ad-
mii^lty and his Deputies -, and thefe were all Privy
Counleilors, the Earl of LautberdaUj the Ijord 4/bl(yy[H^
and the Secretaries of State, who were like to be moft
fTbeinjupce catcful of the King's Profit. But then the Rules
t-!ctl'^' wWch were prcfcribcd to judge by were fuch as were

war-

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 46*

warranted by no former Precedents, nor acknowledged
to be juft by the PraAice of any neighbour Nation^
and fuch as would make all Ships which traded for
HffUand^ from what Kingdom foever, lawful t^rizc ;
which was forefeen would bring Complaints from all
Places, as it did as foon as the War begun. Fr4ncb
and Spaniard and Swede zxi&Dane were alike treated 1
whilft their AmbafTadours made loud Complaints every
Day to the King and the Council for the Injuftice and
the Rapine, without Remedy, more than References
to the Admiralty, and then to the Lords Commif-
fioners of Appeal, which increafed the Charge, and
. raifed and improved the Indignity. Above all, the
HMnfe-Tawns of Hamburgbj iMieck^ Bremen^ and th/t
reft (who had large Exemptions and Privileges by
Charter granted by former Kings and now renewed by
this ) had the worft Luck ; for none of them could
tvcr be diftinguifhed from the Dutch. Their Ships
were fo like, and their Language fo near, that not
one of their Veffcls were met with, from what Part
of the World foever they came, or whitherfoever they
were bound, but they were brought in ; and if the
Evidence was fuch as there could be no Colour to re^
tain them, but that they muft be releafed, they aV-
ways carried witb them fad Remembranceis of the
Con^any they had been in.

There was one fure Rule to make any Ship Prize,
whicfa was, ifabwe three Xy\itc]\ Mariner t were ahcard
it-there need m further Jhro^ffor the Forfeiture ; which
being no where known could not be prevented, aS
Mei^chants Ships, when they are ready for their Voyage'^
taking all Seamen (Hi Boatxl of wh^ Nation foevet
who lare nccdS&ry fw their Service : So that thoft
Itetf^MM. wlio ran from their own Country, to aroKi
fighting :(vas very many did, and very many mbffe
troold have done), and ^t themfelves oh Board
Merchaacs Ships of any otiier Country, where Thej^
were willingly entertained, made thofe Ships kwfiH
x 1 Prize

462 ^be Continuation of the Life qf

Prize in which They ferved, by a Rule chat Nobody
knew nor would fubmit tt>.
rmwd^E*'. It was refolved that all pol&ble Encouragement
*r^**?^/hould be given to Privateers, that is, to as many as
**** ** '^ would take CommilEons from the Admiral to fet out
VefTels of War, as They call them, to take Prizes
from the Enemy \ which no Ardcles or Qbligatioas
can reftrain from all the Villany They can a^ and
are a People, how countenanced foevcr or thought
neceflary, that do bring an unavoidable Scandal, and
it is to be feared a Cuxfe, upon the jufteft War that
was ever made at Sea. A Sail ! A Sail ! is the Word
with them ; Friend or Foe is the fame ; They pofleft
all They can mailer, and run with it to any obfcore
Place where They can fell it (which Retreats are ne-
ver wanting), and never attend the Ceremony of an
Adjudication. Befides the horrible Scandal and Qa«
mour that ^\%Claffis of Men broueht upon the King
and the whole Government for Defcft of Juftice, the
Prejudice which refulted from thence to the Publidc
and to the carrying on the Service is unibeakable :
AH Seamen run to them. And though the King now
afligned an ample Share of all Prizes taken by his own
Ships to the Seamen, over and above their Wages ;
yet there was great Difference between the Condition
of the one and the other : In the King's Fleet They
might gain well, but They were fure of Blows, No-
thing could be got there without fighting ; with the
Privateers there was rarely fighting. They todc all
who could make little Refiltance, and fled fiom all
who were too ftrong for them. And fo thofe Fellows
were always well manned, when the King's Ships
were compelled to ftay many Days for Want of Moif
who were raifed by preffing and with great Difficulty.(t4
And whoever fpake againit thofe lewd People, upon
any Cafe whatfoever, was thought to have no Re^ird
for the Duke's Profit, nor to defire to weaken the
^emy.

lie

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^e. 463

In all former Wars at Sea, as there was great Care
taken to appoint Commiffioners for the Sale of all
Prize-Goods, who underftood the Value of thofc
Commodities They had to fell, yet were compelled
to fell better Bargains than are ufually got in publick
Markets ; fo there was all Striftnefs ufed in bringing
all Receivers to as pun£tual an Account, as any other
of the King's Receivers are bound to make, and to
compel them to pay in all the Money They receive
into the Exchequer, that it might be ifluedout to the
Treafurer of the Navy or to other Officers for the
Expenfe of the War. And it had been a great Ar-
gument in the firft Confultations upon this War,
**that it would fupport itfelf; and that after one
•*good Fleet fhould be fet out once to beat the
** Dutch** ( for that was never thought worthy of a
Doubt), " the Prizes, which would every Day after
** be taken, would plentifully do all the reft : Belides
** the great Sum that the Dutch would give to pur-
** chafe their Peace, and the yearly Rent They would
*' give for the Liberty of fifliing \* with all which it
was not thought fit to allow them "to keep above
**fuch a Number of Ships of War, limited to fo
"many Ton and to fo many Guns;" with many
Particulars of that Nature, which were carefully di-
gefted by thofe who promoted the War. But now,
after this Supply given by the Parliament, there was
no more Danger of Want of Money: And many
Difcourfcs there were, ** that the Prize-Money might
^ be better difpofed in rebuilding the King^s Houfes,
**and many other good Ufes which would occur ;•* #
and the King forbore to fpeak any more of appoint-
ing Receivers and Treafurers for that Purpofe, when
all or moft other Officers, who were judged neceflary
ibr the Service, were already named; and the Lord
Treafurer, who by his Office fhould have the Recom-
mendation of thdfe Officers to the King^ had a Lifl
of Men, who for the Reputation and Experience
They had were an his Judgment worthy to be trufled,

to

464 7X^ Continuation of the Life of

to be prefented to the King whei> He fbould enterup-

. on that Subjeft.

iWAfUey But one Evening a Servant (rf the Lord 4^

^^j^ came to the Chancellor with a Bill figned, and defued

fmntif^bim ui his Mailer's Name, ^^ that it might be (ealcd that

Jw&f "Night/* The BUI was, "p. make and conffitutc

•£7. ^^the Lord AJbley Treafurcr of all the Money that

'^ fhould be raifed upon the Sale of all Prizes, which

*' were or fhould be taken in this prefent War* with

^' Power to make sdl fuch Officers as ihould be necef-

"fary for the Service •, and that He fhould accxwnt

" for all Monies fo received to the King himfelf, and

^^ to no other Perfpn whatfbever, and pay and iflue

"out all thole Monies which He fhould receive in

*' fuch Manner as his Majefly fhould appoint by War-

^'rant under his Sign Manual, and by no other

" Warrant ; and that He &ould be free and exempt

•* from accounting into the EKchcquer." When the

Chancellor had feen the Concents, He bade the Mcf-

fenger tell his Lord, "that He would fpeak widi

^' the King belfbre He would fcal that Gramt, imd chat

" He defired much to fpeak with himfelf."

Tiec&mdL The ttcxt Moroing He waited upon the King,

fo^gmnfl^^^ informed him "of the Bill that was brought

filing this '*to him, and doubted that He had been furpnfed;

Gratst. 4c That it was not only fuc4i an Original as was with-

" out any Precedent, but in itfelf in many Partku-

-V lars d^udive to his Service and to the Right vi

"other Men. That all Receivprs rf aoy Pvt ^ his

" Revenue were accountable in the Exchequer, and

"could receive their Difchsirge in ino other Placet

" And that if fbrgreat alieiceipt, as this was alomdy^

(for the Fleet of Wine and .O^her Ships already &wi

vere by a general Computation vidued at .one :bUDr(i44

fired thoufand pounds), " and « it rvvkotly would

" be, fhould pafs without the inofl fonnal ;A£QQmit;

"bis Msyefly might be abominably cs):QCMdt nor

"could it any other Way be rprerentcd. .:And ii

" the ne]» i^a^» .that this Qiiwt iWfi mm, ttnly ,ck^

."gatbiy

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 465

*' gatDiy to. the Lord Treafurer, but did really de-^
"grade him, there being another Treafurer made
*' more abfolute than himfelf, and without Depend-
** cnce upon him." And therefore He befought his
Majcfty, " that He would reconfider the Thing itfelf
** and hear it debated, at leaft that the Treafurer
** might be firft heard, without which it could not
** be done In Juftice :" To which He added, " that
** He would fpeak with the Lord AJhley himfelf, and
** tell him how much He was to blame to afFedt fuch
** a Province, which might bring great Inconvcnien-.
** ces upon his Perfon and his Eftate/'

H E quickly found that the King had not been fur-
prifed in what He had done, " which,'* He faid^
*' was abjfolutely in his own Power to do ; and that
** it would bring Prejudice only to himfelf, which
** He had fufficiently provided againft." Howevec
He feemed willing to decline any Thing that looked
like an Affront to the Treafurer, and therefore was
content that the fealing it might be fufpended till He
had further confidered.

The Lord JJbley came (hordy to the Chancellor,

and feemed " to take it unkindly that his Patent was

** not fealed : '* To which He anfwered, " that He

** had fufpended the immediate fealing it for three

** Reafons ; whereof one was, that He might firft

** Ipeak with the King, who He believed would re-

.** ceive much Prejudice by it ; another, that it would

.** not confift with the Relpeft He owed to the Lord

** Treafurer, who was much affronted in it, to feal it

** before He was made acquainted with it. And in

** the laft Place, that He had flopped it for his, the

•* Lord A/blefs^ own Sake : And that He believed

**He had neither enough confidered the Indignity

** that [was offered to the Lord Treafurer, to whom

** He profefled fo much Refped, and by whofe Fa-

*'vour and powerful Interpofition He enjoyed the

*' Office He held, nor his own true Intereft, in fub-

*' mitting his Eftatc to thofe Incumbrances which fuch

Vo1.il Hh *'aRe-

466 • 7be Continuation of the Life of

"^ Receipt would inevitably expofe it to. And that
*' the Exemption from making any Account but to
•* the King himfelf would deceive him : And as it was
•*an unufual and unnatural Privilege, fo it would
^ never be allowed in any Court of Juftice, which
" would exad both the Account and the Payment or
** lawful Difcharge of what Money He (hould receive;
" and if He depended upon the Exemption He would
^ live to repent it*'

He anfwered little to the Particulars more than
t^rith fome SuUenncfs, " that the King had given him
" the Office, and knew beft what is good for his own
" Service ; and that except his Majefty retraced his
** Grant, He would look to enjoy the Benefit of it.
" That He did not define to put an Affront upon the
•' Lord Treafurer ; and if there were any Expreflions
"in his Commiflion which reflefted upon him. He
**was content they Ihould be mended or left out:
*' In all other Refpcdts He was refolved to run the
** Hazard.''

Th e Treafurer himfelf, though He knew that He
was not well ufcd, and exceedingly difdained the Beha-
viour of his Nephew (for the Lord JJbley had married
hts Niece), who He well knew had by new Friend-
ftiips cancelled all the Obligations to him> would not
appear to oppofe what the King refolved, but fate
unconcerned and took no Notice of any Thing. And
Tii King fo within a ftiort Time the King fent a pofitive Order
06/p him tc^^ ^hg Chancellor to feal the Commiffion ; which He
could no longer refufe, and did it with the more
Trouble, bccaufe He very well knew, that few Men(J4f)
knew the Lord J/bley better than the King himfelf
did, or had a worfe Opinion of his Integrity. But
He was now gotten into Friendships which were moft
behooveful to him, and which could remove or re-
concile all Prejudices : He was faft linked to Sir
Harry Bennet and Mr. Coventry in a League ofienfive
and defenfive, the fame Friends and the lame Ene-
mies, and had got an entire Truft with the Lady,

• who

Edwarp E^r/ 3^ Clarendon, (Sc. 467

who very well underftood the Benefit fuch an Officer
would be to her. Nor was it difficult to perfuade the
King (who thought himfelf more rich in having one
thouland Pounds in his Clofet that Nobody knew of,
than in fifty thoufand Pounds in his Exchequer) how
many Conveniences He would find in having fo much
Money at his own immediate Difpofal, without the
Formality of Privy Seals and other Men's Warrants,
and the Indecency and Mifchief which would attend
a formal Account of all his generous Dc^natives and
Expenfe, which fliould be known only to himfelf. Mkaptm

Though the King fcemed to continue the izmc judie/tit^
gracious Countenance towards the Chancellor which ^'^2^
He had ufed, and frequently came to his Houfe when
He was indifpofed with the Gout, and confultcd all
his Bufinefs, which He thought of publick Impor--
tance, with him with equal Freedom ; yet He him-
felf found, and many others obferved, that He had
not the fame Credit and Power with him. The night-
ly Meetings had of i^te made him more the Suigeft
of the Difcourfe 5 and fince the Time of the new Se-
cretary They had taken more Liberty to talk of what
was done in Council, than They had done formerly :
And the Duke of Buckingham pleafed himfelf and all
the Company in afting all the Perfons who fpake*
there in their Looks and Motions, in which Piece of
Mimickry He had an efpecial Faculty ; and in this
Exercife the Chancellor had a full Part. In the
Height of Mirth, if the King faid, " He would go
**fudi a Journey or do fuch a trivial Thing To-
** morrow,"*^ Somebody would lay a Wager that He
would not do it -, and when He aflced Why, it was
anfwered, " that the Chancellor would not let him f*
And then another would proteft, " that He thought
** there was no Ground for that Imputation-, how-
**jcver He could not deny that it was generally be-
*'lieved abroad, that his Majefty was entirely and
** implicidy governed by the Chancellor." Which
often put the King to declare in fome Paffion, ^^ that

H h 2 "the

4^8 The Continuation of the Life of

** the Chancellor had ferved him long, and under* •
" ftood his Bufinefs, in which He trufted him : But
** in any other Matter than his Bufinefs, He had no
"other Credit with him than any other Man-,"
which They reported with great Joy in other Com-
panies.
AVrt^i In the former Seflion of the Parliament, the Lord
jS^>^--^^^ out of his IndifFerency in Matters of Religion,
bJ^ofcw and the Lord Arlington out of his Good-Will to the
fiimi. Roman CatholickSj had drawn in the Lord Privy Seal,
whofe Intereft was moft in the Prejbyterians^ to propofc
to the King an Indulgence for Liberty of Conscience :
For which They oflfered two Motives ; the one, "the
** Probability of a War with the Dutcby^^ though
it was not then declared ; " and in that Cafe the Pro-
*' fecution of People at Home for their feveral Opi-
*' nions in Religion would be very inconvenient, and
*' might prove mifchievous." The other was, ** that
*' the Fright Men were in by Reafon of the late Bill
*' againft Conventicles, and the Warmth the Parlia-
*' ment exprefled with Reference to the Church, had
**fo prepared all Sorts of Non-Conformifts, that
" They would gladly compound for Liberty at any
*' reafonablc Rates : And by this Means a gpod yearly
" Revenue might be raifed to the King, and a firm
*' Concord and Tranquillity be eftablifhed in the
*' Kingdom, if Power were granted by the Parlia-W
" ment to the King to grant Difpenfations to fuch
**whom He knew to be peaceably afFefted, for their
" Exercife of that Religion which was agreeable to
" their Confcience, without undergoing the Penalty of
" the Laws." And They had prepared a Schedule,
in which They computed what every Roman CatboUck
would be willing to pay yearly for the Exercife of his
Religion, and fo of every other Sed ; which upon
the Eftimate They made, would indeed have amounted
, to a very great Sum of Money yearly.
"jUKing^ The King liked the Arguments and the Projcd
—iii. y^^ ^g|j^ ^^ wifhed them to prepare fuch a Bill;

whicb

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Sfr. 4)^9

which was done quickly, very (hort, and without any
Mention of other Advantage to grow from it, than
" the Peace and Quiet of the Kingdom, and an en-
*' tire Reference to the King's own Judgment and
** Difcretion in difpenfing his Difpenfatipns.'* This
was equally approved : And though hitherto it had
been managed with great Secrecy, that it might not
come to the Knowledge of the Chancellor and the
Treafurer, who They well knew would never confent
to it ; yet the King refolved to impart it to them.
And the Chancellor being then afflifted with the Gout,
the Committee that ufed to be called was appointed to
meet at Worcefter-Houfe : And thither' likewife came
the Privy Seal and the Lord /^/gr, who had never
before been prefent in thofe Meetings.

Th e Kinjg informed them of the Occafion of their ThOmcdkr
Conference, and caufcd the Draught for the Bill to ^jjj^
be read to them ; which was done, and fuch Reafons/rruittGw
given by thofe who promoted it, as They thought fit', '"'"'•
the chief of which was, " that there could be no
** Danger in trufting the King, whofe Zeal to the
**Proteftant Religion was fo well known, that No-
** body would doubt that He would ufe this Power,
** when granted to him, othcrwife than ftiould be for
" the Good and Benefit of the Church and State."
The Chancellor and the Treafurer, as had been
prefagcd, were very warm ag^inft it, and ufed many
Arguments to difluade the King from profecuting
it, *' as a Thing that could never find the Concur-
*' rence of either or Both Houfes, and which would
•* raife a Jealoufy in Both, and in the People gene-
*' rally, of his Affeftion to the Papifts^ which would
** not be good for either, and every Body knew that
*' He had no Favour for either of the other Faftions."
JBut what the others faid, who were of another Opi-
nion, prevailed more -, and his Majefty declared,
" that the Bill ftiould be prefented to the Houfe of
** Peers as from him, and in his Name ; and that He
*' hoped none of his Servants, who knew his Mind as

Hh 3 "weli

47^ ^be Continuation of the Life of

*' well as every Body there did, would oppofe it, but

"either be abfent or filent:'* To which Both the

• Lords anfwered, ** that They fhould not be abfent

"purpofely, and if They were prefcnt. They hoped

** his Majefty would excufe them if They (pake ac-

*' cording to their Confcience and Judgment, which

*' They could not fofbear to do ;" with which his

Majefty feemed unfatisfied, though the Lords of the

Combination were better pleafed than They would

have been with their Concurrence.

TUBittm-' Within few Days after, the Chancellor remaining

^<^jtlf ft^l ^" '^is Chamber without being able to go, the Bill

Urdt. was prefented in t-he Houfe of Peers by the Lord Privy

Seal, as by the King's Direftion and Approbation, and

thereupon had the firft Reading : And as foon as it

7:&f T/w/iwr was read, the Lord Treafurer fpake againft it, "as

mofJ^ *' ^^^^ ^^ ^^ received and to have the Countenance of

f#«/R^iBM^ " another Reading in the Houfe, being a Defign

'•5P' *« againft the Proteftant Religion and in Favour of

**the Papiftsy' with many (harp Refledlions upon

thofe who had fpoken for it ; and many of the Bi-

fliops fpake to the fame Purpofe, and urged many

weighty Arguments againft it. However it was mo-(M7l

ved, " that fince it was averred that it was tvUb the

*' King's Privitjy it would be a Thing unheard of to

•* deny it a fecond Reading :" And that there might

be no Danger of a Surprifal by its being read in a thin

Houfe, it was ordered " that it (hould be read the fc-

*' cond Time" upon a Day named " at ten of the Clock

?* in the Morning ;*' with which all were fatisfied.

I N the mean Time great Pains were taken to per-
fuade particular Men to approve it : And Ibmc of the
Bifhops were fharply reprehended . for oppofing the
King's Prerogative, with fome Intimation "that if
*' They continued in that Obftinacy They would rc-
*' pent it ;" to which They made fuch Anfwers as in
Honefty and Wifdom They ought to do, without be-
ing (haken in their Refolution. It was rather infinu-
•ated than declared, ** that the Bill had been perufed,"

feme

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 471

ibme faid " drawn, by the Chancellor," and averred
*' that He was not againft it :" Which being confi-
jdently reported, and believed or not believed as He
was more or leis known to the Perfons prefent, Ete
thought himfelf obliged to make his own Senfe known.
And fo on the Day appointed for the fecond Reading,
with Pain and Difficulty He was in bis Place in the
Houfe : And fo after the fecond Reading of the Bill,
He was of Courfe to propofe the Commitment of it.
Many of the Biihops and others ipake fiercely againft ruTrmfi^m
it, as a Way to undermine Religion ; and die Lord ^yf^
Treafurer with his ufual Weight of Words fliewed the tbeficcnd
ill Confequence that muft attend it, and " that in the ^^'^^
^ Bottom it was a Projefit to get Money at the Price
*' of Religion ; which He believed was not intended or
*' known to the King, but only to thofe who had pror
^' jeded it, and it may be impofed upon others who
** meant well." .

Th e Lord Privy Seal, either upon the Obfervation
of the Countenance of the Houfe or Advertifement of
his Friends, or unwilling to venture his Reputation in
the Enterprifc, had given over the Game the firft Day,
and now fpake not at all : But the Lord J/bley adher^ Lord A/hiey
firmly to his Point, fpake often and with great Sharp-*'''*'^'''
nefs of Wit, and had a Cadence in his Words- aod
Pronunciation that drew Attention. He laid, " it, was
*'the King's Misfortune that a Matter of fo great
*' Concernment to him, and fuch a Prerogative as it may
*' be would be found to be inherent in him without any
*' Declaration of Parliament, Jflbould be fupported only
** by fuch weak Men as himfelf, who ferved his Ma-
"jefty at a Diftance, whilft the great Officers of the
**trown thought fit to oppofe it ; which He more
" wondered at, becaufe Nobody knew more than They
" the King's unfhakeable Fiirmnefs in his Religion,
" that had refitted and vanquilhed. fo many great
*' Temptations -, and therefore He could not be
*' thought unworthy of a greater Truft with Reference
" to it, than He would have by this Bill.'*

Thb

472 "The Continuation of the Life of

^heChancti^ Th E ChanccUor, having not been prefent at the
krfpcah former Debate upon the firft Day, thought it fit to

peftation to hear his Opinion : And then He flood up
and faid, "that no Man could fay more, if it were
*' neceffary or pertinent, of the King's Conftancy in
** his Religion, and of his underftanding the Confti-
*' tution and Foundation of the Church of England^
*' than He •, no Man had been Witnefs to more Af-
*' faults which He had fuftained than He had been,
** and of many Viftories ; and therefore if the Qucf-
** tion were how far He might be trufted in that Point,
** He Ihould make no Scruple in declaring, that He
*' thought him more worthy to be trufted than any
*' Man alive. But there was Nothing in that Bill that
**cogld make that the Queftion, which had con-
*' founded all Notions of Religion, and erc6ted a
*' Chaos of Policy to otherthrow all Religioii and Go-
** vernment : So that the Queftion was not, whetherfM*
** the King were worthy of that Truft, but whether
*' that Truft were worthy of the King. That it had
** been no new Thing for Kings to diveft themfelves
** of many particular Rights and Powers, becaufe
*^ They were thereby expofed to more Trouble and
** Vexation, and fo deputed that Authority to others
•* qualified by them : And He thought it a very un-
*' reafonable and upjuft Thinjg to commit fuch a Truft
^*to the King, which Nobody could fuppofe He
** could execute himfelf, and yet muft fiibjeft him to
*' daily and hourly Importunities, which muft be fo
*' much the more uneafy to a Nature of fo great
** Bounty and Generofity, that Nothing is fo ungratc-
^'ful to him as to be obligedto deny."
jkdJropi In the Vehemence of this Debate, the Lord -^/<?jr
^p^r^ having ufed fome Language that He knew refleded
fimiT upon him, the Chancellor let fall fome unwary Ex-
preflions, which were turned to his Reproach and re-
membered long after. When He infifted upon the
Wildi]efs and Ulimitednefs in the Bill, He faid, '*it

^* was

Edward E^r/^ Clarendon, &c. 473

'« was Ship-Money in Religion, that Nobody could
*' know the End of, or where it would reft ; that if it
*' were pafled, Dr. Goffe or any other Apoftate from
*' the Church of England might be made a Biftiop or
** Archbilhop here, all Oaths and Statutes and Sub-
*' fcriptions being difpenfed with : '* Which were
thought two envious Inftances, and gave his Enemies
Opportunities to make Glofles and Refleftions upon
to his Difadvantage. In this Debate it fell out that
. the Duke of JTork appeared very much againft the
Bill i which was imputed to the Chancellor, and
fcrved to heap Coals of Fire upon bis Head. In the End,
very few having fpoken for it, though there were
many who would have confented to it, befides the
Catholick Lords, it was agreed that there fhould be
no Queftion put for the Commitment 5 which was
the moft civil Way of rejefting it, and left it to be no
more called for.

The King was infinitely troubled at the ill Succeft^Jf JCriyy-
of this Bill, whjrh He had been affured would ^^i^^^ta!^
notwithftanding the Oppofition that was expefted 5 amtrreafu,4r.
and it had produced one EfFeft that was forefeen
though not believed, in renewing the Bitternefs againft
the Roman Catholicks. And They, who watched all
Occafions to perform thofc Offices, had now a large
Field to exprefs their Malice againft the Chancellor
and the Treafurer, " whofe Pride only had difpofed
" them to (hew their Power and Credit in diverting the
*' Houfe from gratifying the King;, to which They
** had been inclined -," and his Majefty heard all that
could be faid againft them without any Diflike. After
two or three Days He fent for them Both together in-
to his Clofet, which made it generally believed in the
Court, that He refolved to take Both their Offices
from them, and They did in Truth believe and expeft
it : But there was never any Caufe appeared after to
think that it was in his Purpofe. He fpake to them
of other Bufinefs, without taking the leaft Notice of
jthe other Matter, and difmiflcd them with a Counte-
nance

474 ^^ Continuation of the Life of

nance lefs open than He ufed to have towards them,
and made it evident that He had not the fame
Thoughts of them He had formerly.

And when the next Day the Chancellor went to
him alone, and was admitted into his Cabinet, and
began to take Notice " that He feemed to have Dif-
*' Stisfaftion in his Looks towards him ;'* the King,
in more Choler than He Jiad ever before fccn him,
told him, " his Looks were fuch as they ought to bc;
** that He was very much unfatisfied with him, and
*' thought He had ufed him very ill ; that He had dc-
** ferved better of him, and did not expe6l: that He
•* would have carried himfelf in that Manner as He
** had done in the Houfe of Peers, having known his
** Majefty's own Opinion from himfelf, which it'.*-«^
*' feemea was of no Authority with him if it differed
** from his Judgment, to which He would not fubipit
« againfl: his R^afon/'

The other, with the Confidence of an honeft Man,
entered upon the Difcourfe of the Matter, aflured
him " the very propofing it had done his Majcfty
** much Prejudice, and that They who were beft af-
** fefted to his Service in Both Houfes were much
** troubled and affliftcd with it : And of thofe who
** advifed him to it, one knew Nothing of the Con-
** ftitution of England^ and was not thought to wi(h
*' well to the Religion of it ; and the other was fo well
*' tnown to him, that Nothing was more wonderful
*' than that hisMajefty fhould take him for a fafeCoun-
^* fellor." Ij[e had Recourfe then again to the Matter,
and ufed fome Arguments againfl it which had not
been urged before, and which feemed to make Im-
preflion. He heard all He faid with Patience, but
feemed not to change his Mind, and anfwered no
more than " that it was no Time to fpeak to the
" Matter, which was now paffed ; and if it had been
*' unfeafonably urged. He might ftill have carried him-
♦' felf otherwife than He had done j" and fo fpake of
Somewhat elfe.

His

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 475

H I s Majefty did not withdraw any of his Truft or
Confidence from him in his Bufmefs, and feemed to
have the fame Kindnefs for him : But from that Time
He never had the fame Credit with him as He had
before. The Lord AJhley got no Ground, but Sir
Harry Bennet very much, who, though He fpake very
little in Council, (hewed his Power out of it, by per-
fuading his Majefty to recede from many Refolutions
He had taken there. And afterwards in all the De-
bates in Council which were preparatory to the War,
and upon thofe Particulars which have been men-
tioned Before, which concerned the Jufticc and Policy
that was to be obferved, whatfoever was offered by the
Chancellor or Treafurer was never confidered. It was
Anfwer enough, "that They were Enemies to the
*' War J*' which was true, as long as it was in Delibe-
ration : But from the Time it was refolvcd and remc-.
dilefs, none of them who promoted it contributed any
Thing to the carrying it on proportionably to what
was done by the other two.

There was another and a greater Mifchief than^:^'^***
hath been mentioned, that refulted from that unhappy '^^'
Debate ; which was the Prejudice and Difadvantage
that the Bilhops underwent by their fo unanimous Dif*
like of that Bill. For from that Time the King never
treated any of them with that Refpedt as He had done
formerly, and often fpake of them too (lightly j which
eafily encouraged others not only to mention their
Perfons very negligently, but their Funftion and Re-
ligion itfelf, as an Invention to impofe upon the free
Judgments and Underftandings of Men. What was
preached in the Pulpit was commented upon and de-
rided in the Chamber, and Preachers afted, and Ser-
mons vilified as laboured Difcourfes, which the Preach-
ers made only to ftiew their own Parts and Wit, with-
out any other Defign than to be commended and pre-
ferred. Thefe grew to be the Subjefts of the Mirth
and Wit of the Court j and fo much Licenfe was ma-
pifefted in it, that gave infinite Scandal to thofe who

obferved

tfjb . ^The Continuation of the Life of

obferved it, and to thofe who received the Reports of
it : And all ferious and prudent Men took it as an ill
Prefage, that whilft all warlike Preparations were
made in Abundance fuitable to the Occafion, there
fhould fo little Preparation of Spirit be for a War
againfl an Enemy, who might poflibly be without
fome of our Virtues, but affuredly was without any of
.our Vices,
2^^ There begun now to appear another Enemy,
much more formidable than the Dutcb^ and more
difficult .to be ftruggled with -, which was the Plague,
that brake out in the Winter, and made fuch an early
Progrefs in the Spring, that though the weekly Num-(»5«
bers did not rife high, and it appeared to be only in
the Outfkirts of the Town, and in the moft obfcure
Alleys, amongft the pooreft People -, yet the ancient
Men, who well remembered in what Manner the laft
great.Plague (which had been near forty Years before)
iirft brake out, and the Progrefs it afterwards made,
foretold a terrible Summer, And many of them re-
moved their Families out of the City to Country-Ha-
bitations ; when their Neighbours laughed at their
Providence, and thought They might have ftayed
without Danger : But They found (hordy that They
had done wifely. In March it fpread fo much, that
the Parliament was very willing to part : Which was
Jikewife the more neceffary, in Regard that fo many of
the Members of the Houfe of Commons were affigncd
to fo many Offic!es and Employments which* related to
the War, and which required their immediate Attend-
ance. For though the Fleet was not yet gone out, yet
there were many Prizes daily brought in, befides the
firft Seizure, which by this Time was adjudged lawful
Prize ; in all which great Lofs was fuftained by the
Licenfe of Officers as well as common Men, and the
Abfence of fuch as fhould reftrain and punifh it : So
.that, as foon as the Bill was paiTed the Houfes for the
good Aid They had given the King, and was ready
ibr the Royal Affent, his Majefty paffed it, and pro-
rogued

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 477

rogued the Parliament in April (which was in 1665) rbep^a^
till September following; his Majefly declaring, " that ^^
** if it pleafed God to extinguifh or allay the Ficrcencfs
** of the Plague,** which at that Time raged more, "He
*' fhould be glad to meet them then ; by which Time
** They would judge by fome Succefs of the War,
*' what was more to be done. But if that Vifitation
*' increafed. They fliould have Notice by Proclama-
*\tion that They might not hazard themfelves.**

The Parliament being thus prorogued, there was rhennfn*
the fame Reafon to haften out the Fleet; towards ^^^
which the Duke left Nothing undone, which his un-
wearied Induftry and Example could contribute to-
wards it, being himfelf on Board, and having got all
Things neceflary into his own Ship that He cared for.
But He found that it was abfolutely requifite to put
out to Sea, though many Things were wanting in
other Ships, even of Beer and Qther Provifion of Vic-
tual ; not only to be before the Enemy, but becaufc
He faw it would be impolfible, whilft the Ships were
in Port, to keep the Seamen from going on Shore, by
which They might bring the Plague On Board with
them ; and there was already a Sulpicion that the In-
feftion was got into one of the fmaller Ships.

I T hath been faid before, that all Things relating
to the Fleet were upon the Matter wholly governed
by Mr. Coventry. It is very true, that the Officers oiTUDuki^
the Navy conftantly attended the Duke together with ^^^f^
thofe three Sea-Captains who have been named be-^^««««jio*
fore : But from the Time that the War was declared, ^**^2tfs«^'*
his Highnels confulted daily, for his own Information
and Inftruftion, with Sir John Lawfon and Sir George
Jyfcue and Sir William Pen^ all Men of great Expe-
rience, and who had commanded in feveral Battles.
Upon the Advice of thefe Men the Duke always made
his Eftimates and all Propofitions to the King. There
was fomewhat of Rivallhip between the two laft, be-
caufe They had been in equal Command : Therefore
the Duke took Sir fVilliam Pen into his own Ship, and

made

478 5^^ Continuatim of the Life of

made him Captain of it ; which was a great Truft;
and a very honourable Command, that exempted him
from receiving any Orders but from the Duke, and
fo extinguiihed the other Emulation, the other two be-
ing Flag-Officers and to command feveral Squadrons.

I N all Conferences with thefe Men Mr. Cavenirfslni]
Prefence and Attendance was neceflary, both to re-
duce all Things into Writing which were agreed up-
on, and to be able to put the Duke in Mind of wl)at
He was to do. Law/on was the Man of whole Judg-
ment the Duke had the beft Efteem : And He was
in Truth, of a Man of that Breeding (for He was a
perfe<5t Tarpawlin), a very extraordinary Peribn ; He
underftood his Profeffion incomparably well, ^ake
clearly and pertinendy, but not pertinacioufly enough
when He was contradided. Ay/cue was a Gentleman,
but had kept ill Company too long, which had blunt-
ed his Underftanding, if it had been ever (harp : He
was of few Words, yet (jpake to the Purpofe and to
be eafily underftood. Pen^ who had much' the worft
Underftanding, had a great Mind to appear beuer
bred, and to fpeak like a Gentleman ; He had got
many good Words which He ufed at Adventure ; He
was a formal Man, and fpake very leifurely but much,
and left the Matter more intricate and perplexed than
He found it. He was entirely governed by Mr.
Coventry^ who ftill learned enough of him to ofler
any Thing rationally in the Debate, or to crofs what
was not agreeable to his own Fancy, by which He
was ftill fwayed out of the Pride and Perverfenefe of
his WiU.

Upon Debate and Conference with thefe Men, the
Duke brought Propofitions to the King reduced into
Writing by Mr. Coventry ; and the King commonly
confulted them with the Lord Treafurer in his Pre-
fence, the Propofitions being commonly for Increafe
of the Expenfe, which Mr. Coventry was felicitous by
all the Ways poflSble to contrive. To thofe Conful-
tadons the Duke always brought the Sea-Officei^ and

Mr.

Edward £jr/ g/* Clarendon, tSc. 479

Mr. Coventry^ who fpakc much more than They, to
explain efpecially what Sir fFilliam Pen faid, who took
upon himfelf to fpeak moEtj and often what the others ^
had never thought though They durft not contradidt }
and Sir Join Law/on often complained, "that Mr*
" Coventry put that in Writing which had never been
" propofed by them, and would continue difputing it
** till They yielded.** Evexy Conference raifed the
Charge very much ; and what They propofed Yefter*
day as enough was To-day made twice as much ; if
They propofed fix Fire-Ships to be provided, within
two or three Days They demanded twelve : So there
could be no poffible Computation of the Charge^

Bv this Means the Fleet that was now ready to put^D^f^
to Sea amounted to fourfcore Sail •, and the King will- "* '* ^*^
ingly confented, upon the Reafons the Duke prefent-
ed to him, that they (hould fet Sail as ibon a was pofli*
ble. And before the End of Jpril the Duke was with
the whole Fleet at Sea, and vifited the Coaft of HoU
landj and took many Ships in their View, their Fleet
being not yet in Readinefs. Many Noblemen, thc^i^i^***-
l^zc\ o{ Peterborough^ the Lord Vifcount F(Prr^j, and^^,^''*'
others, with many Gentlemen of Quality, went as '.
Volunteers, and were diftributed into the feveral Ships
with much Countenance by the Duke, and as many
taken into his own Ship as could be done with Con-
venience.

The Duke of Buckingham had from the firft Men*
tion of the War, which He promoted all He could de^
clared " that He would make one in it :*• And when it
was declared, He defired to have the Command of »
Ship, which the Duke pofitively denied to give him^
except the King commanded it (and his Majefty was
content to refer that, as He did the Nomination of all
the other Officers, to his Brother), and did not think
fit that a Man, of what Quality foever, who had never
been at Sea, fhould his firft Voyage have the Comf-
mand of any confiderable Ship (and a fmall one had
jpot been for his Honour) j -at which He was much

troubled.

480 ^ Continuation of the Life of

troubled. Yet his Friends told him that He was too>5<
far engaged, to ftay at Home when his Royal High- ,
ncfs ventured his own Perfon : And thereupon He re- |
folved to go a Volunteer, and put himfelf on Board a
Flag-Ship, the Captain whereof was in his Favour.
And then He defired, " that in Rel]peft of his Qualityi
*' and his being a Privy Counfellor, He might be prc-
«' fent in all Councils of War." The Duke thought
this not reafonable, and would not make a new Pre-
cedent. There were many of the ancient NobiHtjr,
Earls, and Barons, who were then on Board as Volufl-
teers -, and if the Counfideration of Quality might en-
title them to be prefent in Council, all Orders would
be broken, there being none called but Flag-Officcrs:
And therefore his Royal Highnc6 pofitively refufcd to
gratify him in that Point ; which the Duke of Bucking-
bam thought ( it being enough known that the Ehike
had neither Efteem or Kindnefs for him) to be fuch a
perfonal Difobligation, that would well excufe him for
declining the Enterprife. And pretending that He did
appeal to the King in Point of Right, He left, die
Fleet, and returned to the Shore to complain. And
We return back too to the View of other Particulars.
*^"«^ There were two Perfons, whom the King and
*^ ' his Brother did defire to make remarkable by fomc
extraordinary Favours : One of which was equally
^cj^fJ" grateful to Both, Sir Charles Berkley^ who had been
tJ^Eari lately created an Irijh Vifcount by the Name of Lord
mouth" Fitzhardingy the old and true Surname of the Family;
upon whom the King had, for Reafons only known to
himfelf, fet his Affedtion fo much, that He had never
denied any Thing He alked for himfelf or for any
Body elfe, and was well content that He fliould be
looked upon as his Favourite, He had been long
tliought fo to the Duke, who was willing to promote
any Thing to his Advantage : And the King had de-
ferred thofe Inftances only till the Parliament ihould
be prorogued, left it (hould raife the Appetites of
others to make Suits, which He had hitherto defended

hiffifetf

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 481

Kimfelf from, by declaring He would make no more
I^rds. But the Parliament was no fooner prorogued,
than it was refolvcd to be put in Execution : And
when it was to be done, the Chancellor had the Ho-
nour to be prefent alone with the King and Duke, when
it feemed to be firft thought of. And when the Duke
propofed it as a Suit to the King, that He would
make the Lord Fitzbarding an Earl, extolling his
Courage and AfFeftion to the King •, He was ple^fed
with the Motion to that Degree, that He extolled him
with Praifes which could be applied to few Men : And
it was quickly refolved that He fhould be an Earl of
England^ and a Title was as foon found out ; and fo He
was created Earl of Falmouiby before He had one Foot
of Land in the World.

A N D to gratify the King for this Favour, the
Duke likewife propofed that the King would make Sir
Harry Bennet a Lord, whom all the World knew He Aid Sir h.
did not care for •, which was as willingly granted : And ^^^o^
He had no more Eftate than the other, and could not
iq eafily find a Tide for his Barony. But becaufe He
had no Mind to retain his own Name, which was no
good one, his firft Warrant was to be created Cheney^
' which was an ancient Barony expired, and to which
Family He had not the leaft Relation : And for fome
Days upon the figning the Warrant He was called
Lord Cheney^ until a Gendeman of the beft Quality in
,BuckinghamJhirej who though He had no Title to the
Barony was yet of the fame Family, and inherited
moft Part of the Eftate, which was very conGderable>
and was married to a Daughter of the Duke of New^
caftle^ heard of it, and made Hafte to ftop it. He went
firft to Sir Harry Bennet himfelf, and defired him
** not to afFeft a Title to which He had no Relation ;
5J)*' and to which though He could not pretend of direft
*' Right, yet He was not fo obfcure but that himfelf or
** a Son of his might hereafter be thought worthy of
*' it by the Crown -, and in that Refpeft it would be
*• fome Trouble to him to fee it vcfted in the Family

Vol II. li "of

49^ 5^ Continnation of the Life of

** of a Stranger." The Secretary did nor give him fo
civil an Anfwer as He expecftcd, having no Knowledge
of the Gentleman. Yet (hortly after, upon Informa-
tion of his Condition and Quality ( as He was in all
Refpefts very worthy of Confideration), the Patent be-
ing not yet prepared, He was contented to take the
Title of a little Farm that had belonged to his Father
and was fold by him, and now in the PoflefliOn of
Mother private Perfon -, and fo was created Lord Ar-
Ungton^ the proper and true Name of the Place being
Harlingtoffy a little Village between Londcn aikl ITxhriige.
jifr.Fiefche- Th e King took the Occafion to make thefe two
wuerw^ft/ Koblemen from an Obligation that lay upon him to
ftheviifc!" confer two Honours at the fame Time ; the one uton
Mr. Frefcbevillcy of a very ancient Family in Jdert^in
and ^ fair Eftate, who had been always bred in the
Court, a menial Servant of the laft King, and had
fer/ed him in the Head of a Troop of Horfe raifed tt
his own Charge in the War, and whom his late M^dtf
had promifed to make a Baron.
AiidMr.Kx' The other was Mr. Richard Arundel of Treriee \A
SSw"^ fc^r»wtf//, a Gentleman as well known by what He had
Aninda of done and fufFercd in the late Time, as by the JEmi-
Titrice, nency of his Family, and the Fortune He was ftill
Matter of after the great Depredation of the Time-
John Arundely his Father, was of the beft Inteitft and
TUtmfimt Eftate of the Gentlemen oji Cornwall: And in theBe-
oh'cVft' &^^S ^^ ^^^ Troubles, when the Lord Hapim and
Jmand'^i the other Gentlemen with him were forced to rctift
'*^** ■ into Cornzvally He and his Friends fupported them, and
gave the firft Turn and Oppofition to the Current of
the Parliament's Ufurpation ; and to them, their Cou-
rage and Aftivity, all the Succefs that the Lord Hepfm
had afterwards was juftly to be imputed as to the firft
Rife. The old Gentleman was then above Icverity
Years of Age, and infirm ; but all his Sons He en-
gaged in the War : The two eldeft were eminent Ofi-
cers, Both Members of the Houfc of Conhimons, arid
fhe more zealous Soldiers by having been Withcflcsrf

the

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 483

the naughty Proceedings of thofe who had raifed the
Rebellion. The eldeft was killed in the Head of hi|
Troop, charging and driving back a bold Sally that
was made out of Pfymouib when it was befieged : And
this other Gentleman of whom we now fpeak, and who
was then the younger Brother, was an excellent PqIq?
nel of Foot to the End of the War,

When Sir Nicholas Slanning^ who was Governour of
Pendemis, loft his Life bravely in the Siege of Bfifiol^
the King knew not into what Hands to commit that
important Place h fecurely, as by fending a Commif-^
lion to old John Arundel of Trerice to command, wdl
knowing that it muft be preferved principally by hU
Intereft ; and in Refpeft of his Age joined his eldjeft
Son with him : And after his Death He added the
younger Brother to the Command, of whom We are
fpeaking, who was in Truth then looked upon as die
moft powerful Perfon in that County.

When the King, then Prince, was compelled after
almoft the whole H^eft was bft to retire into Corvwall^
He remained in PendettnisCafiUj and from thence made
his firft Elmbarkation to Stilly : And at parting, out of
a princely Senfe of the Affedion and Service of that
Family, He took the old Gentleman afiide, and yi the
PrefenCe of his Son wiihed him ^^ to defeod the I'lace
** as lonjg as He could, hecauTe Relief might come»
** of which there was fome Hojpe firom abroad ;*' and
;54Vpromifed him, ^^ if He lived to come back intoEt^land
^^ He would make him a Baron, and if He were dead
'" He would make it good to his Son/* The old Maa
i^ehaved hiip bravely to his De^h, having all hi$
-Eftate taken from him ; and his Son remained as emi-
jiently faithful, and had as deep Marks of it as any
Man : So that at the King's Return, who never forg^i^
fhis Promife, He might have received the Effeft of it
-in the firft Creation, if He had dcfired it ; but He
xhofe rather to recover the Btuifes his Fortune had en-
idured by Seizures and Sequeftrations, before He would
<emback him in a Condition that muft prefeotly raif<^

I i 2 his

484 5T&^ Conttnuafion of the Life of

his Expcnfe inr his Way of Living. And ais loon »
He found himfelf at Eafe in diat Rdpeft, He got z
Friend to inform the King, " that He was ready to
•' receive his Bounty."

And his Majefty, being under thcfe twa Obliga-
tions, was willing to take the fame Opportunity to
prefer the two other Perfons He loved fo wclL But
at the fame Time that He declared his Refolution for
the lad two (but what concerned the others had been
long known and expefted), his Majefty reflected upon
the Number of the Houfe of Peers, which was in many
Relpcdls found grievous, and declared to his Brother
and the Chancellor, who were only prcfent^ **that
** no Importunity fliould prevail with him to make anjr
" more Lords in many Years, and till the prefcnt
*' Number (hould be Icllened ;" in which Refolution the
Duke willingly concurred, and protcfted " that He
*' would never more importune him in that Point."
The Reafon of mentioning this Declaration and Refo-
lution will appear hereafter. This Creation was no foon-
er over, than the new Earl oi Falmouth went with the
Duke to Sea : For though his Relation was now im-
mediately to the King and near his Perfon, yet He
thought himfelf obliged not to be from the Duke when
He was engaged in fo much Danger ; and He vras con-
feffed by aU Men to abound in a moft fearlefs Courage.
Apmkuiar \ T Will rfot be unfeafonablc in this Place to take a
^^^ View of an Aft of State that paffed about this Time,
Ciliary p^ and which afterwards adminiftered Matter of Reproach
^'* againft the Chancellor, and was made Ufe of by his

Enemies as an Evidence of his Corruption v for the
better underftanding whereof, it will be ileceflkry to be-
gin rhe Relation from the origin^ Ground of the
Counfel, About the firft Cbriftmas after the King's
happy Return into England^ the Chancellor, Trcafurcr,
Privy Seal, and the two Chief Juftices (being the Per-
fons appointed by the Statute for that Purpofe ) met
together to fet the Prices upon the feveral Sorts of
Wines ; and were attended^ according to Cuftom, bjr

the

i

Edward Barl of Clar;endon, &c. 485

:thc Company of Vintners, $ind the chief Merchants
in the City wjip traded i-n that Commodity. And be^
ing firA to Jimit the Merchants to a reafonable Rate,
before They could prefcribe any Price to the Vintners
upon the Retail, They found, by the beft Enquiry
They ^ould make, that the firft Prices beyond the Seas
which the Merchants paid for their Wines were fo ex-
ceflive, that the Retail could not be brought within
any Compafs 5 and that JSnce the Beginning of the
Troubles the Price of Wines in general was exceedingly
increafed, aud particularly that of the Canaries was al-
mo/l double to what it had been jin the Year 1640,

71h e Chancellor kne^ very well, by the Corre-
spondence He had held in t|;ie Canarus ( during the
Time that He had ferved his Majefty as his Ambaflar
dour in Sp/Un)^ that the whole Trade for the Canary
Wine was driven folely by the Englifby and the Coni-
modity entirely vended in the King's Dominions, ^
Cbrijiendom befide not fpending any Quantity of that
Wine: And thereupon He aflced the Merchants
*' whether what He had reported was not true, and
" what would be the Way to remedy th?it Mifctuef/*
155) Th E Y all confeffed it to be very true, and " that it
** was a great Reproach to the Nation to be fo much
** impofed upon in a Trade that They might govern
*' themfelves : And that the unreafonable Prices of
*' the Wine were not the greateft Prejudice that was
•* befallefl that Trade. That before the Troubles
•* They had been fo far from employing jany Stock of
*' Money for the Siipport of that Traflick, that They
** ufed to fend their Ships fully laden with all Com-
** modities thither, which yielded very good Markets,
*' being fent from thence into the Wejl-Indies with their
'*' Plate Fleets •, and that the very Pipe-Staves which
*' They carried did very near fupply the Value of their
.** Wine, fo that They brought Home the Proceeid of
^' their Commodities either in Pieces oi Eighty or fuch
^* Other Merchandifes as had been brougl>p f hither
t*' from the In^es^ and upon which They received

113 "great

486 Tihe Continuation of the Life of

** great Profit. On the contrary, that the Trade was
*' now wholly driven by ready Money -, that the Com-
*f modities They fend thither are not taken off, except
*• at their own Prices, fo that They have for the late
*' Years fent their Veffcls empty thither, except only
*• with fome few Pipe-Staves, which by the Deflhruftion
*' in Ireland They could not fend in any great Propor-
*' tion ; and that their Ships return from thence with
•• no other Lading but thofe Wines, which They
*' trade for in ready Money, either by Pieces of EiiU
•* fent in their Ships from hence, or by Bills of Ex-
*• change charged upon fome known Merchants in
** Spain. That over and above thefe Difadvantages,
*^ the Spaniards in thofe IQands had of late impofed
** new Duties upon the Wine, and laid other Impofi-
*« tions upon the Merchants than the Ef^iijb Nation
••had been ever accuftomed to." They faid, "all
•• thefe Inconveniences proceeded from the immoderate
^* Appetite this Nation hath for that Sort of Wine,
"and therefore They take from them as much as
*' They cari make ; and from our own Diforder and
*• Irregularity in buying them, and contending who
•' fhall get the moft, and fo raifing the Price upon
** one another, and making the Spaniards themfelves
** the Judges what the Merchants fhall pay.**

The Lords, upon Confultation between themfelves,
found the Matter too hard for them, and that the Re-
formation of fo much Evil muft be made by Degrees,
and upon a Reprefentation of the Whole, with the
Difficulties which attended it, to the King and his
Privy Council, whofe Wifdoms only could provide a
Remedy proportionable to the Mifchiefs. For the
prefent, as They refolved not to raife the Prices at
which Wine was at that Time bought and fcrfd (which
They believed, how reafonably foever it might be
done, would yet be very unpopular), fo They thought
it not juft to draw down and abate thofe Prices, fincc it
appeared to them that the Wines coft more in Propor-
tion upon the Places of their Growth, They declared

there*

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 4^7

therefore to the Merchants and to die Vintners, " that
** though for the prefent Tliey would permit the fanie
** Prices to continue for the next Year, which they
** had been fold for thfs: prefent year," and which in-
deed were confirmed by the late AQc of Parliament,
^'They fliQuld hereafter take Care what Markets
** They made 5 for that They wer^ refolved the next
^* Year to make the Prices much lower both to tfie
•'Merchant and to the Vintner:*' And fo, upon tlic '
Report made by the Lords of the whole Matter to the
King in Council, and of what They thou^t fit to he
done for the prefect, a Pjroclamation was publifiied
accordingly.

The next Year both the Merchants and Vintnecs
were very earpeft Suitors to the Lords at their accuC-
tomed Meeting, that ^eater Prices might be allowe^,
or at lead that the fame might be continued *, making
it very evident, that thieir Wines coft them naore thaa
aj6)they had done the Year before. Upon the Debate tl)e
Canary Merchants were much divided. Some of them
infiiled very iniportunately to have the Price raiic^
^rbecaufe it was notorious that They had paid muc^
♦' more than formerly, by Reafon," as They alleged,
*' that the Vintage had not yielded near the:iProporti<m
** that it ufed to do.*' Others, though confeffing the
Increafe of Price, yet pretended a more pubUck Spirit
and the Neceffity of a Reformation : And therdoye
They prefled as earneftly, ** that the Price might n9t
** be raiifed, but that They might be permitted to cjljc
** what They had done already for this Year.** It was
quickly difcovered whence thisModeration.procecdca;
and that the laft Prppofers had a great Quantity of
: Wipe uppn their Hapds, which had been provided the
Year before, a^dfo migl?t wellbe fpld at the feme
Price; but that the. former had.no old Wine left, but
.were, fupplied with a fuUjProvifion of new, which had
coft them fo much jiearer. Both the one and the other
dcfired the Lords, "that whatever Refolution They
■^ tOQk Ifpr the prefent, a Claufe might be inferted in
r • •■ "the

488 The Continuation of the Life of

*' the Proclamation, That^ the next Tear "vohich foUe^ei^
*' Canary Winejhould not he fold for above four and twenty
** Pounds the Pipe^ and that every Tear after it fhouli bt
*• drawn lower ^^ as it might well be, it having been
fold in the Year 1640 for twenty Pounds the Pipe;
though, in the Year when his Majefty returned, it had
been permitted to be fold at fix and thirty Pounds the
Pipe. "Such a Claufe," They iaid, "would give
*' Notice to the Iflanders, and oblige them to fell their
** Wines at more reafonable Rates, and would render
"the Merchants unexcufable if They (hould give
*' greater."- Notwithftanding all their Allegations,
the Lords remembered what They had declared to
them the laft Year, which was as fair a Warning as
any Thing They could now fay would be. And ac-
cordingly They fet lower Prices upon all Wines for
the Year to come than had befn allowed the laft, as
■ the moft efFedtual Warning for the future : Which was
thought a very rigorous Proceeding -, but being rcr
ported to the King and Council, what They had done
was allowed and confirmed, and his Majefty was well
contented that fuch a Claufe as They had propofed
Ihould be inferted in the Proclamation-, which was
accordingly done.

The Year following, when the Lords met again
according to Guftom, which is as hath been faid about
Chriftmas\ They found not the leaft Reformation-, on
the contrary, that the Canary Merchants had paid
dearer than ever, which made them all more folicitous
to have the Price raifed, and the Vintners as importu-
nate for their Retail. And indeed the Vintners feemcd
to be in a much worfe Condition than the Merchants.
And They made it appear, " that They were often
*f compelled to pay higher Prices to the Merchant than
" were impofed by their Lordfliips -, without which
•* They could get no good Wine, and fo muft give
•* over their keeping Houfe : That the Penalty upon
" the Merchant was very fmall, being not above forty
^*SliiIlings a Pipe, and the Grime not cafy to be

"difco-

Edward Earl of Clarendon, ^r. 489

^ difcovercd, as was evident by there nor having been
** one Merchant qucftioned in many Years for that
** common Tranfgreffion •, whereas on the Vintner^
*' Part the Penalty was very fevere, and cafily difco-
*' vered by any Man who went to a Tavern and would
" be an Informer, and that moft of the Vintners in
♦' London were at that very Time fued in the Escckequer
" upon thofe very Penalties, which if cxafted muft
^ produce their Ruin/*

The Merchants excgfed themfelves for their pre-
fent Pretence, and for their having given more for
their Wines than was lawful for them to have done by
their own Defire : ^' That They had. done their beft,
*^ and that the greateft Traders amongft them had con-
/?)" fented between themfelves not to fufFer the Prices to
" be raifed upon them ; but that They found it inef-
"fcftual, and that though They fliould give ovtr
** their Trades, it would produce no Reformation.
** That the Trade was open to all Adventurers, and
^' that there had been many Ships fent from England in
*' that very Year by Jews^ and People of fevcral
^* Trades, who had never been before known to trade
*'xo the Canaries: Infomuch as when They who had
y^dieen long bred up to the Trade, and had been long
** Fadors in thofe Iflands, fent their Ships thither. They
** found other Englijb Ships there, and the Wines
*^ bought at a greater Price than They had allowed
** their Faftors to give ; fo that They muft either have
** their Ships return empty and unladen, or take the
^' Wines at the Prices other Men gave. That They
**had chofcn the latter, as well to continue their
** Trade, as to draw Home fome Part of the Stock
** They h^ in that Country. That They could ima-
** ginc but two Ways to reform that Excefs : The
** one, by putting the Trade into fuch a Method and
** under fuch Rules, as might rcftrain that Licenfe,
^ and not leave it in the Power of Perfons who never had
•' been in the Trade to give the Law to it ; and by this
tf Means the Id^nders would fiii4 i( neceilary fo fet

**fcafoia*

49^ ^^ Continuation of the Life of

f ^ in the Bulinds, and tlie Damage and Diflionour the
^* Nation underwent in the carrying on that Trade :
^' That many Merchants had prefented z Petition to
^ him, containing an Expedient to bring it into bet-
^' ter Order ; but finding them not to appear in it, and
** beiQg informed that They were bcft acquainted with
^^ ^d moft engaged in that Trade, He had fent for
^* them to know their Opinion, whether They thought
^' what was prppofed to be reafonable and fit to be
*• granted, and tf fo, why They did not concern thcm-
*• idvts in it.'* They anfwered, " that the Reafon
** why They had not appeared in it was, bccaufe They
^* thought They ftiould be Lofers by it, and therefore
*' were not folicitous to procure a Grant from his Ma-
** jefty to their own Damage 5** and fo enlarged " upon
** the Nature of the Trade, their long Experience in
•^ it, and the Qreatnefs of their Stock, which Tjicy
^' ihojuld Qot be allowed to continue under any Regu-
•' lotion. 5ut as They did not think themfelves in a
••Situation to be folicitous for a Change, fo They
*• could not deny, being required by his Majefty to
*• fpeak the Truth, but that the Propofition that was
** made was for the publick Qood and Benefit of the
** Kingdom, and that They conceivjed no other Way
** to redeem that Trade, and the Nation from the In-
•^ folence which the Spaniar4 exercifcd upon them •,"
implying, "that if his Majefty would command
*' them. They would likewifc concur apd join in the
" carrying on the Service :" To which his Majefty
^YJf" giving them gracious Encouragement, They all fccm-
^I^ ' ' *" ed to depart of one Mind ; and his Majefty remained
confirmed in the former Opinion He had of it.

But there remained yet an Objedtion, which was
principally infifted on by the Minifters of the Revenue,
who alleged very reafonably, " that this new-model-
•* ling the Trade muft produce fome Alteration, and
^^ would meet fome Oppofition from the Spaniard^
^' which for the Time would leflen the Cuftoms and
^' entitle the Farmers to a Pefalcation/' TI»c Petition

wa«

Thi

EuWAkft Earl gT CtAftENboN'y (3^c. 49^

was therefore referred to the Farmers of the Cuftoms,
who were to attend the next Council-Day : Aiid be-
ing then called. They did acknowl^ge, ^^thlat t»he
** Defign propofed would prove very profitable to
•* the Kingdom in many Refpefts,** upon which
They enlarged, " and that in the End it would not
^^ be attended with any Diminutions of the Cuftoms ;
" but for the prefent,'* They faid, *' They could not
/9) " but expeft, that the Obfbnacy and Contradiftion
" of the Spaniard would give fuch a Stop to Trade,
*' at leaft for one Year, that if his Majefty did not
** rcimburfe them for what fhould fall fhort in the
" Receipt of Cuftom, They muft look to be very
" great Lofcrs.** The Merchants on the other Hand
offered " to be bound, that if They did not the
^^ firfl Year bring in as much as hacl been ufuall]^
" entered, They would make good what fhould be
*' wanting to the Farmers upon a Medium.** Where-
upon his Majefty himfelf declared, '^ that He would
" not for a fmall Damage to himfelf, hinder the
*' Kingdom from enjoying fo great a Benefit :" And
He commanded his Solicitor General, who then at-
tended the Board, "to prepare fuch a Charter as
** might provide for all thofe good Ends which were
•* dcfired in the Petition,** and which, had been fo
largely debated*, and it was notorious, that there had
never been a greater Concurrence of the Board in '
any Direftion.

Many Months paffed before the Charter was pre-
pared ; in which Time there was never the leaft new
Obje^on made againft it, nor was it known that any
Man was unfatisfied with it After it was engrofled
and had pafTed the King's Hand, it was brought to
the Great Seal; and there the Lord Mayor oiljmdon'^fechy^f
and the Court of Aldermen had entered a Caveat I'b^^ul'^
ttop the pafling of it. The Chancellor, according to
Courfe, appointed a Time when He would hear all
Parties. The City alleged an Order made a Year
Qt two before by the Kiqg in Council, upon a Com-
plaint

fH

«*in wflK?^" Thqr
^ Mtrchana of the bcft Ti
•• UU'JA in At Cut, i
^ Lhdr f rctdom, aod ib
** or Office in it, to die
^ Diflxmour of the Cnj and
^ thertof ; fincc They were ilmriiy iityinio
^ call infcfiour Cicizcns to be AldcnacB, bdbre
^ They had Eftates to bear the Oiaise of k* vintt
^ the graved and the ridicft Men* who vcic vA
^^ fit, could not be obliged to acoepc of it, hooBk
" 'ITm7 were not Freemen." The Pci^bai coBtnu-
ed, which were indeed a great Nambcr of TCiynr
luable and fubftantial Men and of great F^^^^^ u*
iwered, ^^ that They had ended vrrr many Yon
^^ without finding any Rcaiba to take out tfaor Fm-
*^ dom, which They might do or not do as Tky
*^ thought belt for thei^ves ; chat They had il-
<< ways paid Scot and Lot in the ieverai FariihB
^' where They lived with the higheft of the inhabi-
'* tantSy and were taxed the more becauie Thcf but
'' not taken out their Freedom, They who tscd
** them being always Freemen ; that They were
^^ grown old now, and had no Mind co beoooK
^ young Freemen^ but would rather give over tlick
** Trade, and retire into the Country where They
** had Eftates."

Besides the Rules which the King gave upon the
Oiflerenoe then in Queftion, He was piealed to de-
clare, and appointed it to be entered as an Order in
the Council-Book, ^^ that Care fhould be taken, tbac
** in all Charters which He ihould hereafter leacv
«^ or grant to any Companies or Corporations in the
** City of London^ They (hould firft make themfelves
•' Freemen of the City ; by which They nvght be
*' liable to the Charges of it as other Citizens are*
They laid, " that there were many of this Company

«* thaJ

Edward Earl of Clarendon, Gfr. 491

•'that was now to be incorporated who were not
♦r* Freemen." And therefore the Lord Mayor and
Court of Aldermen defircd the Behefit of the Kin^S
Order, which was read.

The Merchants confcffcd, "that many of theirt
«* were not Freemen, and refolded not to be :*• They
faid, "They had never hwtd of this Ordir, and
»)•* were forry thit They had fpctit fo touch Money
^^ to no Purpofe/' The Chancellor dedaned to theni^ ru Omrf.
•* that He 6ould not feal their Charter tiU They had^'^^
** complied with the King's Determination, and giym^i7<i«Mrw
*• the Co\irt df Aldermen Satisfaftion ;•• and They^^^
fdl feemed as polidvt that They would mther b^ovy.
without their Charter, than They would fubmit W
the other Inconvenitences : And (b They departed.
But after fome Days Deliberation and Confultation
"between themfelves, and when They found that thfeffc
was no PolTibility to procure a Difpeniadon from that
Order, They treated with the City and agited with
them in the preparing a Claufe to be inferted in their
Charter, by which They we^re obtig^ in fo many
Years to become Freemen 5 which Claufe, being ap-
prt)vtsd by all Parties, was in the King^s ftefenofe
entered in the Bill chat his Maje% hdd fignied, and
being afterwards added to ^ EngpoflhidM:^ it was
a^in di^rs reformed and fent 10 t^ Gttaft Sed, and
pmented to the Chafifcdlor to be fealed.

T H E R B were by this Time fcvcral new Caveat'
entered againft it at the Seal^, all which the Chan-
cellor heard^ ^ajid fetded every one of them to the
joint Satis^fadbion of all Patties, and all Caveats wiere
withdrawn. There was then a Rumour, that thtfc
would be fome Motions made againfft it in the Houfe
of Comm6iis: And fofne Pa(rliamcnt-Men, whoferved
fdr the Wcftern Borooghs, came to the Chancellor,
and defired him " that Me would defer the fealing
•* it for ibine Days till They might be heard, fince
** it would undo their Weftern Trade •, and," They
faid, *' They refolvcd to move the Houfe of Com-

49^ 5l&^ Continuation of the Life of

*' mons to put a Stop to it." The ChanceUor in-
formed them of the whole Progrefs it had pafled,
fUid told them, " He believed that They would
*^ hardly be able to ofFer any good Reafbns againft
?' it :'* However, finee it was then well known that
the Parliatnent would be prorogued within ten or
twelve Days, He faid " He would fufpend the feal-
** ing it tUl then, to the End that They might ofier
f^ any Objedions againft it thefc or any where elfc.'*
But though the Parliament, fate longer than it was
then conceived it would have done, there was no
Mention or Notice taken of it : And after the Pnwx)-
. g^tion no Application was farther made for the flop-
ping it, and the Merchants prefled very importu-
* nately that it might be fealed, alleging with Re^on
«* that the deferring it fo long had been very much
** to their Prejudice." Whereupon the Chancellor
conceived that it would not confift with his Duty
to delay it longer, and fo aiiixed the Great Seal
to It.

The Company then chofc a Governour and other
Officers according to their Charter, and made fuch
Orders and By-Laws as They thought fit for the
carrying on and Advancement of their Trade, which
They might alter when They thought convenient;
and for the prefent They refolved upon a joint Stock,
and afTigned fo many Shares to each particular Man.
SamDifa' In this Compofition and Diftribution there fell out
SJJ^^^^fome Difference between themfelves, which couW
ibdrhcorfo^ not be taken Notice of abroad : And even fome of
them, who firft petitioned and were moft iblicitous
to procure the Charter, did what They could to hin-
der the EfFeft of it ; fent privately to their Fadors
at the Canaries^ " to oppofe any Orders that Ihould
** be fenc from the Governour and the Company,
*' and that They fhould do all They could to incenfe
•• the Spaniards againft the Charter," and bade them
promifc " that all their Wine fhould be taken off in
" Spite of the Corporation/' Whereupon great Dif-

ordcrs

Eetward Edrl of Ct are^jdoN, &i. 4gy

Orders" did- arife in the Canaries between the EngUJh
themielves ; and by the Gonjunftion of the Spaniards
with thofe few Englijh who oppofed the Charter,
They proceeded fd far as to fend the principal Fac-
tors for the Company out of the Ifland into Spain^
5i)and to make a publick Aft by the Governour and
Council there, " that no Ship belonging. to the Com-
*^ pany fhould be fufFered to come into the Harbour, •
"or to take in any Lading from the Ifland:** All
which was tranfafted there many Months before it
was known in England^ and probably would have
been prevented or eafily reformed, if it had not
pleafed God that the Plague at this Time fpread'
very much in London^ and if the War with the Dutch '
had not reftrained sll Englijb Ships from going to
the Canaries for the Space of a Year ; which Inter-
miflion, not to be prevented nor in Truth forefeen,
gave fome Advantage to the Merchants at Home
who oppofed their Charter, who complained for the
Not-Return of their feveral Stocks within the Time
that the Company had promifed they.fliould be re-
turned.

I A M not willing to refume this Difcourfe in ano-
ther Place, which I ftiould be compelled to do if I
difcontinued the Relation in this Place, as in Point '
of Time I (hould do ; but I choofe rather to infert '
here what fell out afterwards, and to finifli the Ac-
count of that Affair, that there may be no Occafion
in the Current of this Narration to mention any Par-
ticulars that related to it.

Wh e n the King was at Oxford^ and was informed
of what had pafled at the Canaries^ fome Merchants
appeared there to petition againft the Charter, where- •
of there were fome who were the firft Petitioners for-
it. His Majefty appointed a Day for the {olcmn mncb Mrt
hearing it in the Prefence of his Privy Council, thejjf^'^
Governour being likewife fummoncd and prefent
there. Upon opening all their Grievances the Pe-
titioners themfelves confefled, " that They could npt-

Vol. li. K k " com^

49^ ^^^ Continuation of the Life rf

" complain of the Charter ; that it was a juft and
** ncccflary Charter, and for the great Benefit of the
^C Kingdom, though fbme pri\^ate Men- might fer the
** prefent be Lofcrs by it : That their Conq^laint was
'^ only againft their Conilitutions and By-Laws, and
^' the fevere Profecution thereuponr concraiy to the
*^ Intention of the Charter itfelf ;'' inftancij^, amongft
other Things, ** the Tery fhort Day limited by de
** Charter, after which They could not continue their
•* Trade without being Members erf the Corpora-
* *^ tion y and that Day was fb ibon after the fealiog
" the Charter, that it was not pebble for them ti>
^^draw their Stocks from thence in lb fhort a
•* Time.'*

Wh e n They had finifbed aU their Objetf^ns, die
King obferved to them, " that They complained
^^ only of what themfelves had done, and not at aB
** of the Charter, which gave them only Authority
*^ to choofe a Governour and to make Conftittldons
** and By-Laws, but direded not what the Conftitu-
^ tions and By-Laws (hould be, which were the Rc-
^ fult of their own Confultations, in which the ma-
•* jor Part muft have concurred -, and of that Kind
^ the Refolution for a joint Stock was one, which
** and all the rett They might alter again at the next
•* Court, if the major Part were grieved with it.**
But becaufe They had complained of (bmc Particu-
lars, in which They might have Reaibn on their
Side, his Majefty expreflfed a WiUingnefs to mediate
and to make an Agreement between them : And
thereupon He required the Governour to anfwer
fuch and fuch Particulars which feemed to have moft
(rf Juftice ; but the Governour anfwered all at laige,
and made it dearly appear, that They had in Truth
no Caufe of Complaint. As to the fhort Day that
was afligned for the drawing away of their Stocks,
which had the greateft Semblance of Reafon in all
They complained of. He faid, "They had no Rea-
^ ion to mention their Want of Warnings for that

Edward Ejr/ ^Clarendon, &c. 499

•* the Day was well enough known to them long be-
•* fore the fealing the Charter, and might very well
•• have been complied with** (the Realbns why the
fealing the Charter was fo long deferred are fet down
before), "and could be no Reafon to them to neg-
*• left the giving Direftion in their own Concern-
*• ments ; but that They knew likewife, that the
** Day was enlarged to a Day defired by themfelves,
•* that there might be no Pretence for Difcontent :**
And thereupon the Order of the Court to that Pur-
pofe was read to his Majefty, and They could not
deny it to be true.

I N Conclufion, fince it did appear that their Stock
did in Truth ftill remain in the Canaries^ and in
Juftice belonged to them, whether it was their Fault
or their Misfortune that it had not been drawn over
in Time, the King perfuaded the Governour and his fnojatifo
Ailiftants to give them fuch Satisfaftion in that and*^^*"*^
other Particulars, that before They retired from his
M^efty*s Prefence They were unanimoufly agreed
upon all their Pretences : And though Ibme of the
iJords, upon fome Infinuations and Difcourfes which
They had heard, had believed the Company to have
been in the Wrong, They were now fully convinced
of the contrary, and believed the Charter to be
founded upon great Reafon of State, and that the
Execution of it had been very juftifiable and with
great Moderation, And it is to be obferved, that
the Parliament being then aflembled at Oxford^ there
was not the Icaft Complaint againft that Charter or
Corporation.

And this wacs the whole Progrefs of that Affair, ^^«&4rfm
until it ferved fome Men's Turns to make it after- J^^^-
Wards Matter of Reproach to the Chancellor, in a4^r.
Time when He had too great a Weight of the King's
Difpleafure upon him to defend himfclf from that
and other Calumnies^ which few Men thought him

lilty of And if the Motives of State were not of

eight enough to fupport the Patent, more ought

K k 2 not

W(

rpo l^he Continuation of the Ufe of "-

not to be objefted to him than to every other Couftr
lellor, there having never been a more unanimous
Concurrence at that Board in any Advice They have
given : And the Delays He ufed in the palling the
Charter after it came to his Hand, his giving fo long
Time for the making Obje6tions againft it» and his
fo pofitively oppofing the Company with Reference
to their being Freemen of the City, are no Signs
]that He had fuch a Mind to pleafe diem, as a Man
would have who had been corrupted by them, or
who Wias to have a Share in the Profit of the Patent,
as was afterwards fuggefted, but never believed by
' any to whom He was in any Degree known, who
knew well that He frequently refulcd to receive Mo-
ney that He might very lawfully have done, and
never took a Penny which He was obliged to refufe.
He was indeed, as often as that Affair came to be
** . debated, very clear in his Judgment for the King's

granting it, and always continued of the feme Opi-
:nion : Nor did He ever deny, that fome Months
after the Patent was fealed, the Governour made him
a Prefent in the Name of the Corporation, as it is
prefumed He did to many other Officers throu^
whofe Hands it pafled, and which was never refufed
by any of his Predeceflbrs when it came from a Com-
munity upon the paffing a Charter •, which He never
concealed from the King, who thought He might
well do it. In the laft Place it is to be remembered,
that after all the Clamour againft this Charter in Par-
liament, and upon the arguing againft the Legality
of it by eminent Lawyers before the Houfe of Peers,
it was fo well fupported by the King's Attorney Ge-
neral and other learned Lawyers, that the Lords
would not give Judgment againft it : But the Go-
■ vernour and the Corporation durft not difpute it far-
ther with the Houfe of Commons, but chofe to fur-
render their Charter into the King's Hands.

The French had their Ambafladour, Monfieur Com-
. minge^ remaining fliU in England^ who pretended to

- be

Edward Barl g/' Clarendon, &v. 50 f

be ready to finifti ftill the Treaty of Commerce, but^
formalized fo much upon every Article, though No-
thing was demanded but what had been granted to
>3)CromweU.j that it was concluded that He wanted
Power, though Somewhat was imputed to the Cit-
pricioufncls of his Nature, which made him hard
to treat with, and not always vacant at the Hours,
himfelf afligncd, being hypochondriack and feldom>
fleeping without Opium. As foon as the Warj^^F«nA
was declared the King fent two other Ambafla-,^^^^'
dours, whereof^ for the Countenance and Splendour/ng^^n^ «»-
of it, the Duke of Vermeil was one, who being Un-,;j4i^^^.
cle to Both the Kings was received rather under that,
Relation than in the other Capacity, and was lodged
and treated by the King during the whole Time of
his Stay. With him came likewife MoHfieur Courtine^
a Matter of Requefts, and much the quickeft Man
of the three, and upon whofe Parts and Addrefs moll
of the Bufinefs depended. The former Ambaffa-
dour was joined in Commiffion with the other two :•
And their declared Bufinefs was to mediate a Peac^
between the King and the Dutcb^ when there had*
been yet little Harm done, only great Preparations
made on Both Sides for the War ; which They did
not feem very folicitous to interrupt, but contented^
themfelves with declaring at their firft Audience^'
** that the King their Matter out of Chriftianity, an4
^* to prevent the Effiifion of Chrittian Blood, defire^
^ to mediate a Peace, which the States of the United
*• Province^ were very, willing He Qiould do, ancf ,.

**profefled to have a very great Defire of Peaces
«* which made his Ci^r/^ww Majetty hope that He ^

•* fhould find the fame good Inclinations here, and
*' if He might be informed what his Majefty did re-^
*' quire or what would be grateful to him. He did*
" not doubt but that He mould perfqade the States'^
" to fubmit to it.'*

And with this general Difcourfe, and without de-'

livering any Memorial in Writing, the Ambafladours'

- K k 3 acquicfced

502 The Continuation of the Life of

acquiefced for many Months, as if their Bufinefs was
only that the Dutch Ambafladour, who remained ftill
in London^ might know and fend Word to his Mailers
that They had begun their Mediation. Odierwife
They feemed in all their Difcourfes to make Ibino
Kind of Apology for being fent, implying "as if
" the extraordinary Importunity of the Dutch had
*• prevailed with the King to undertake this Media-
" tjon, and which He did the rather, upon their
•* Promife that They would yield to any Thing He
** fhould advife them ; and He was very far from
*• defiring that his Majefty might not receive ample
*' Satisfadign in whatsoever He required :** So that
the King did not imagine, whatever Information Ho
had received before, and whatever Jealoufy He hacj
entertained, that this Embafly would be concluded
in the Denunciation of a War againft him. Nor is
it probable that the Amballadours themfelves at that
Time knew that They were to perform that Office.
though it was afterwards evident that the Matter had
been long before refolved in France. They lived be-
tween the two Courts, for the Queen Mother wai
likewife at that Time at her Palace of S0m€rfit-Houfe^
in much Jollity, and as vacant from any Affairs til)
They might receive new Orders from Court, but
fpending much Time with the Dutch Ambaffadour,
whom They perfuaded "that They were very in-
•^ tent upon and had much advanced the Treaty,*^
as appeared by the Ambafladour's Letters to the
Hague,
j^^is^ The Plague increafed fo faft, that the Queen Mor
ZiJ^Jr^ ther, who had all the Winter complained of her In-
difpofition of Health, and declared that She woul4
in the Summer go ^ain into Francey took that Oc-
cafion, albeit She was recovered to a very good State;
and about the End of July removed and embarked
for France^ and took fo many Things with her, that
it was though: by many that She did not intend ever
%o fetqrn into England, Whatever her Intentions at

that

Edward Earl ^f Claxeni^on^ Gfc 503

thit Time. were, She never did fee England again,
though She lived many Years after.
^4> I T was in AprU that the Duke went to Sea : And ^TbeiMt^ii^
from the Day of his going thither with the Fkct^^,^
JLetters aad Orders came from him to die Day of »««•
the Battle for an Addition of more Ships, upon In-
telligence of an Increafe of Strength added to the
Enemy, though They yet lay ftill in the Harbours,
whilft the Duke was upon their Coalls. But Mr.
Coventry ftill made new Demands^ ,and wrote to the
Chancdbr, "that whiift the King's Brother was at
" Sea and ventured his own Perfon, Nobody who
** wifhed him well would, for faving Money, hinder
'** any Thing from being fent that his Highncfe
♦' thought neceffary for his Defence : '* And all
Things were fent, though procured with wonderftjj
Difficulty.

The Treafurer had believed, when all the Phi-
vifipns were delivered which had been demanded,
and all Computations fatisfied which had been m^t,
and the Fleet at Sea, that there would have been fib
more Expenfe till its Return ; whereas every Dajr
added new Expenie which had not been thought or:
And the requiring <^ more Ships was then believed,
and more afterwards to proceed from the peftlefs
Spirit of Mr. Oroentry^ who cared not how much He
increafed the Expenfe, and was willing to put the
Treafurer and all the King's Minifte.rs to contend
with all Difficulties, that He might reproadi their
3L-azinefs or Want of Ability. But They did not
gratify him in that, but all the Ships acd whatever
dtfe was fent for were font •, infomuch as the Fleet
amounted to no lefs than one hundred Sail, and was Kcrmrati,
now retired for Want of Somewhat to do to our own ^ti/."^^
Coaft, where They refolvcd to attend the Motion of
the Enemy : And in this Time moft of the Volun-
teers, having endured the Unplcafantnefs of the Sea
jabove a Month, begun to think that the War was
XKK i^ neceffary as They had thought it to be.

The

;;504 ^^ Qmtinuation of the Life of

Thb Dukc*s Family that was- numerous in his own

Ship were not at Eafe, and found lefs Refpcdl bom

" the Seamen than They had looked for : They grew

^; into Faftions between themfelves, and the Earl of

' •• Falmouth and Mr. Coventry wtre Rivals who (hould

have mod Intereft in the Duke, who loved the Earl

bed but thought the other the wifer Man, who fup-

ported Pen (who difobliged all the Courtiers) even

againft the Elarl, who contemned Pen as a Fellow of

no Senfe, and not worthy of the Charge and Trull

that was repofed in him. In this Difcompofure and

having Nothing to do, every Body grew angry at

the Occafion that brought them thither, and wifhcd

for Peace.

The Earl of Falmouth^ as in a Time of Leifurc,
was fent by the Duke with Compliments to the King,
and to give him an Account of the good Sute rf
the Fleet : He vifited the ChanceUor, to whom He
had always paid great Refpeft and made many Prof-
icffiofis; and He told- him, "that They were all
•* mad who had wifhed this War, and that himfdf
^* had been made a Fool to contribute to it, but that
** his Eyes were open, and a Month's Experience at
.♦* Sea had enough informed him of the great Ha-
" zards the King ran in it." He reproached Pen
** as a Sot, and a Fellow that He thought would be
."found without Courage." He told him, "that
** the King and the Duke too were Both inclined to
** Peace, and difcerned that the Charge and Expenfc
^^ of the War would be infupportable j" and con-
cluded, " that as foon as this Aftion fhould be over,
" which could not be avoided many Days if the
*' Duieh Fleet put to Sea, as it could not be doubted
** it would, it would be good Time to make jsl Peace,
*' which He defired him to think of, and to fpeak
" with the King, whom He would find dilpofcd -to
9M>utch " ^^ •" -^"^ ^o ^^ returned to the Fleet.
ruttputsm And by that Time the Dutch were come out, and(»*i
opd^, the next Day were in Viei;^. They were -near <tf

equal

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 505

jqual Number, and well manned, under the Com-
nand of Opdam the Admiral of the whole Fleet,
ipon whom the Slates had conferred that Charge, ^^

hat the Prince of Orange his Party might conclude, • *
:hat They never intended that He fhould have the
Dharges of his Father and Grandfather, and like wife
:o gratify the Nobility of Holland^ that had a very
'mall Share in the Government. And this Gentle -
nan, who had never been at Sea before, and had
3Ut a fmall Fortune, was of that Number, and had
oined with that Faftion which was averfe from the
Family of Orange. The Fleets came within Sight of
»ch other on the firft of June, and had fome Skir-;
!Tiiflies which continued on the fecond, the Wind fa-
srouring neither Party, as willing to keep them afunr
der : But upon the third it ferved Both their Turns,
and brought them as near each other as They could
defire to be.

Nor did the Dutch fecm to advance with ItCs'Thefijigam.
Courage and Refolution. Opdam the Dutch Mmi-^i^^'
ral with his Squadron bore direftly upon the Duke
with a Refolution to board him: But before He
came near enough, and very little before, whethei:
by an Accident within his own Ship, or from a
Grenado or other Shot out of the Duke*s Ship, his
Gun-Room took Fire, and in a Moment the Ship
funk without any Man being faved. The Vice- Ad-
miral of the fame Squadron, being a Zealander, pur-
fued the fame Refolution, and had boarded the Duke .^

if Captain Jeremy Smithy a Captain of the Duke's >

Squadron, had not put himfelf between and boarded ^^

the Vice- Admiral, who was equally attacked by the
Duke : And fo that Ship was taken after moft of the
Men were killed ; and the Captain himfelf was ib
wounded, that He only lived to be brought on
Board the Duke*s Ship, and to complain of his Com-
panions " for not having feconded him according to
** an Oath They had taken on Board their Admir4
t^ the Day before/* and died within Half an Hour to

the

5o6 ^he Continuation of the Life of

the great Trouble of the Duke, who gave him i
great Teftimony for a very gallant Man, and much
defired to prefcrve him.
nt Diktch Th E Fight continued all the Day with v^vf great
^•"^m: Lofg Qf y^^^ Q^ ^ Sides, though after the firft two
Hours the Dutcb^ feeing many of their bcft Ships
burned and more taken, did all that the Wind would

five them Leave to feparate themfelves from the
nglijb Fleet, which purfucd them fo clofe, that
They found They loft more by flying than by fighting,
and did lefl[en their Sails to give fome Stop to the
Purfuit till the Night might favour them : And the
Evening no iboner came, but They hqifed up all
their Sails, and intended Nothing but their Efcape.

Wh £ N there was no more to be done by the Ap-
proach of the Night, the Duke who was infinitely
tired with the Labour of the Day, having loft above
two hundred Men aboard his own Ship, whereof
ibme were Perfons of Quality, who ftx>od next lus
own Perfon and fliall be named anon, was prevsuled
with to repofe himfelf after He had taken fomc
Suftenance ; which He did, after He had given the
Mafter of the Ship, an honeft and a (kilful Seaman,
direft and pofirive Charge " to bear up in that Man-
*' ner upon the "Dutch Fleet that He might lofe no
*' Ground, but fi(id himfelf as near when the Day
** ftiould appear, as He was then when He went to
" Sleep." The Fleet had no Guide but the Lanthom
of the Admiral, and were not to outfail him of
m^ti^mnn- Courfc, and behaved themfelves accordingly. But
^imi^ when the Duke arofe and the Day appeared, the
4r^i*f. Dutch Fleet was out of View; and before He could
reach them, They were got into their Ports or under
the Shelter of their Flats, that it was not counfcUa-
ble for the great Ships to purfue them farther : Yet
fome of thofc Ships which made not fo much Way,(i<
or had not fteered fo direftly, were taken by the Icflfer
Ships that followed them. And the Duke had received
fo many Blows on his own and the other Ships, that

i(

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. ^of

it was ncceffary to retire into Port, where they might
be repaired.

It was a Day of fignal Triumph, the Adion of tt rhegnati^fi
having much furpaffed all that was done inCromfi^elPs'^'^^^
Time, whofc Navals were much greater than had ever
been in any Age : But the Dulcb had never then fought
with fo much Courage and Refblution ; nor were their
Ships then in Strength to be compared to the EngUJb^
^s Van Trump aflbred them, " and that except They
** built better Ships They would be as often beaten as
•'They fought with the Englijh.^' And from that
Time They new-built all their Navy, and brought
now with them as good Ships as any the King had :
And the Men for fomc Hours behaved themfelves •

well. In that Day the Duke funk, burned, and took
pightecn good Ships of War, whereof Half were of the
beft They had, with the Lofe of one fmgle fmaU Ship,
for there was nor more miffing of his whole Fleet. It
is true the Number of the killed and wounded Men was
very great, and was thought the greater, becaufc in
the great Maflacre that was on the other Side there was
po Man, except Opdam their Admiral, who had %
Name. There were many excellent Officers killed and
faken, Men of Courage and of great Experience in na-
val Affairs, and therefore ah irreparable Damage to
them ; but They had grown up from common Seamen,
and fo were of no other Quality than every Mariner
pf the Fleet.

On the Part of the EngH/h^ befides above two hun-P*r/«w /w»
dred Men that were killed on Board the Duke's own^'j^^^^
Ship, there fell the Earl of Falmouib^ who hath been*7&£w/
lately fpoken of, and the Lord Mujkerry, eldeft Son^J^
to the E^l of Clancarty^ a young Man of extraordi- keny.
nary Courage and Expectation, who had been Colonel
of a Regiment of Foot in Flanders under the Duke,
and had the general Eftimation of an excellent Offi-
cer : He was of the Duke's Bedchamber and the Earl
^d He were at that Time fo near the Duke, that his
FJighnefs \vas sU covered with thcii: QJood. There

fell

jo8 7& Continuation of the Life' of

iMr.Richardfcli Ukcwife in the fame Ship Mr. Richard Boyle, i
^^ younger Son of the Earl of Burlington^ a Youth of
^ great Hope, who came newly. Home from Travel,

. where He had fpent his Time with Angular Advan-
' tage, and took the firft Opportunity to iofe his Life
m the King's Service. There were many other Gen-
tlemen Volunteers in the fame Ship, who had the fame
Fate.

In Prince Rupert^s Ship, who did Wonders Aat
Day, and in that of the Earl of Sandwich^ who be-
haved him with notable Courage and Condudt, there
were very many Men flain, and fome Gentlemen Vo-
lunteers of the bed Families whofe Memories fliould
ntEsri%f be prcferved. The Earl of A&r/^^^i/^A, who had the
JIJj^ Command of one of the beft Ships, and had a great Ex-
perience at Sea, having made many long Voyages at
Sea, and being now newly returned from the Ei^-
Indies^ whither the King had fent him with a Squa-
dron of Ships to receive the Iflahd of Bombayne from
Portugal^ was in this Battle likewife flain. He was a
Man of wonderful Parts in all Kinds of Learningi
which He took more Delight in than his Title; and
having no great Eftaite defcended to him. He brought '
down his Mind to his Fortune, and lived very retired,
but with more Reputation than any Fortune could
^n>iF^cj have given him. The Earl of Portland was a Volun-
iwiknd. teer on Board his Ship, and loft his Life by his Side,
being a young Man of very good Parts, newly come
of Age, and the Son of a very wife and worthy Fa-
ther, who died few Months before : And He having
a long and entire Friendfhip with the Earl of Marlh-K^
roughs his Son, though of a melancholick Nature, in-
tended to lead an adtive Life, and to apply himfelf to
it under the Condudt of his Father's Friend, with whom
He died very bravely.
A»i^ir jfAoi There, was another almoft irreparable Lofs this
Uwiwu Day in Sir John 'Lawfon^ who was Admiral of a Squa-
dron, and of lb eminent Skill and Conduct in all ma-
ritime Occalions, <luit Jiis Counfcl was moft confidcrcd

ifl

Edward' E^r/ ^-Gl AkEjrtoojJ'v ^c. 505^
in all Debates, and the greateft Seamen were ready to
receive Advice from him. In the Middle of the Battle
He received a Shot with a Mufket-BuUet upon the
Knee, with which He fell: And finding that He
could no more ftand and was in great Torment, He
fent to the Duke to defire him to fend another Man to
command his Ship •, which He prefently did. The
Wound was not conceived to be mortal \ and They
made Hafte to fend him on Shore, as far as Deptford
or Greenwich^ where for fome Days there was Hope of
his Recovery ; but fliordy his Wound gangrened, and
fo He died with very great Courage, and Profeffion
of an entire Duty and Fidelity to the King.

He was indeed of all the Men of that Time, zndBsOmaatr.
of that Extradion and Education, incomparably the
modeftcft and wileft Man, and moft worthy to be con-
fided in. He was o{ Torkjhire near Scarborough^ of that
Rank of People who are bred to the Sea from their
Cradle. And a young Man of that Profeffion He
was, when the Parliament firft pofleffed themfelves of
the Royal Navy •, and Hull being in their Hands, all
the Northern Seamen eafily betook themfelves to their
Service ; And his Induftry and Sobriety made him
quickly taken Notice of, and to be preferred from one
Degree to another, till from a common Sailor He was
promoted to be a Captain of a fmall Veflcl, and from
thence to the Command of the beft Ships.

He had been in all the Adions performed by Blakey
fome of which were very ftupendous, and in all the
Battles which Cromwell had fought with the Dutch, in
which He was a fignal Officer and very much valued
by him. He was of that Claffts of Religion which were
called Independents, moft of which were AnabaptiJlSj
who were generally believed to have moft Averfion to
the King, and therefore employed in moft Offices of .
Truft. He was Commander in Chief of the Fleet
when Richard was thrown out : And when the Conteft
grew between the Rump and Lambert, He brought the
whole Fleet into the River, and declared for that

whicl\

5^6 ^if^ Cmttnuatim of the Life 6f

Which was called the Parliament ; which brake tke
Neck of an other Defigns, though He intended onlj
the better Settlement of the CammonweaUb.

Whin the Council of Stale was fettled between Ac
DiflTolution of the Ruf^ and the calling the Parlb-
mcnt. They did not like the Temper of the Fkct,
nor efpeciaby of LawJoHj who under the Title of
Vice- Admiral had the whdie Command of the Fleet,
which was very ftrong, and in which there were many
Captains They liked well : Ytt They durft not remove
the Vice-Admiral, left his Intereft in the Seamen,
which was very great, ihoutd give them new Troubfc.
The Expedient They refolved upon was to fend Colond
MourUagne as Admiral to command the Fleet, without
removing Lawfon^ who continued ftill in hb Com-
mand, and could not refufe to be commanded by
MountagHty who had always been his fuperiour Officer,
and who had likewife a great Intereft in very many of
the Officers and Seamen. Ytt Mountague^ who broi^t
with him a firm Refolution to ferve the King, which
was well known to his Majefty, had no Confidence m
Lawfon till the Parliament had proclaimed the King :
And when He brought the Fleet to Schevelin to receive
the King, all Men looked upon the Vice- Admiral as
a great Anabaptift and not fit to be truftcd. But when
the King and the Duke had conferred with him, They(»fll
liked him very well : And He was from Time to Time
in the Command of Vice-Admiral in all the Fleets
which were fent into the Mediterranean. Nor did any
Man perform his Duty better : He caufed all Perfons,
how well qualified foever, who He knew were aflfcded
to a Republick, to be difmiflfed from the Service, and
brought very good Order into his own Ship, and fre-
quented the Church-Prayers himfelf, and made all die
Seamen do fo. He was very remarkable in his Affec-
tion and Countenance towards all thofe who had firith-
fully ferved the King, and never commended any
Body to the Duke to be preferred but fuch ; and per-
formed to his Death all that could be expe6ted bm
a brave and an honcft Man. It

Ed^ar© JBi^r/ g/' Clarendon, &c. 511

It teoked like fome Prcfage that He had of his own
Death, that before He went to Sea He came to the
Trcafurer and the Chancellor, to whom He had al-
ways borne much Re^eft, and fpake to them in a
Diaka He had never before ufed, for He was a very
generous Man, and lived in his Houfe decently and
plentiftrfly, and had never made any the leaft Suit or
Pretence for Money. Now He told them, " that He
** was going upon an Expedition in which many ho-
** ncft Men muft lofe their Lives : And though He
** had no Apprehenfion of himfelf, but that God would
•* proteft him as He had often done in the fame Occ^
*• fions, yet He thought it became him againft the
•• the Worft to make his Condition known to them,
•* and the rather, becaufe He knew He was efteemcd
*• generally to be rich/' He faid, " in Truth He
** thought himfelf fo fome few Months fmce, whea
•* He was worth right or nine thoufand Pounds : But
•* the Marriage of his Daughter to a young Gentleman
** in Quality and Fortune much above him ( Mn Ri^
•♦ choral Nartm of Southwick in HampJhirCy who had
•* fallen in Love with her, and his Father out of Ten-
•* dernefs to his Son had confented to it ) had obliged
*• him to give her fuch a Portion as might in fome
•* Degree make her worthy of fo great a Fortune ;
•* and that He had not referved fo much to himfelf and
•* Wife, and all his other Children which were four
•• or five, as He had given to that Daughter/' He
dcfircd them therefore, " that if He Ihould mifcarry
*• in this Enterprife, the King would give his Wife
•• two hundred Pounds a Year for her Life 5 if He
••lived He defired Nothing, He hoped He fliould
•• make fome Provifion for them by his own Induftry :
•' Nor did He defire any other Grant or Security for
•• this two hundred Pounds yearly, than the King's
•*Wprd and Promife, and that They would fee it
•* effedual/' The Suit was fo modeft, and the Ground
rf making it fo juft and reafonable, that They will-
ingly informed his Majefly of it, who as gracioufly

granted

^12 ^^ Conttjtuatjon of tbr Life of '^

granted it, and fbakc himfclf to him of it widi very
obliging Circumftances ; fo that the poor Man wenf
very contentedly to his Work, and pcriflied as gJ-
lantly in it with an univerfal Lamentation. And it
is to be prefurned that the Promife was as weU per-
formed to his Wife : Sure it is, it was exadUy com-
plied with whiUt either of thofe two Perfbns had aojr
Power.

Th e Vidlory and Triumph of that Day was furdy
very great, and a juft Argument of publick Joy:
How it came to be no greater (hall be faid anon. And
the Trouble and Grief in many noble Families, for
the Lofs of fo many worthy and gallant Perfons, coidd
not but be very lamentable in Wives, in Fathers and
Mothers, and the other neareft Relations : But no
Sorrow was equal, at leaft none fo remarkable, as tiie
rheJCifg King's was for the Earl ofFabnoutb. They who knew
jwtfr^f rmr. j^ig Majefty bed, and had feen how imlhaken He hid
vJbi/tbi ftood in other very terrible AiTaults, were amazed at
^-^^•^- the Flood of Tears He (hed upon this Occafion. The
Immenfenefs of the Vidtory, and the Conlequences
that might have attended it -, the Safety and Preferva-W
tion of his Brother with fo much Glory, on wbofe
Behalf He had had fo terrible Apprehenfions during
the three Days Fight, having by the Benefit of the
Wind heard the Thunder ot the Ordnance from the
Beginning, even after by the leflening of the Noife
as from a greater Diftance He concluded that the
Enemy was upon Flight : Yet all this, and the uni-
verfal Joy that He faw in the Countenance of all Men
for the Vidory and the Safety of the Duke, made no
Impreflion in him towards the Mitigation of his Paf-
fion for the Lofs of this young Fayourite, in whom
few other Men had ever obferved any Mrtue or Qua-
lity which They did not wifh their bcft Friends widi-
out ; and very many did believe that his Death was a
grcu Ingredient and confiderable Part of the Vidory-
1 lo WIS ) oung and of infatiable Ambition ^ and a litdc
more Experience might have taught him all Things

which

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 513

Vfhich his weak Parts were capable of. But They who
obfcnred the ftrange Degree of Favour He had on the
ludden arrived to, even from a Deteftation the King
had towards him, and concluded from thence, and
more from the deep Sorrow the King was pofTefled
with for his Death, to what a prodigious Height He
might have reached in a little Time more, were not at
all troubled that He was taken out of the Way.

The Duke, after He had given Direftions for the
ipeedy repairing of the Fleet, and for the prefent fend-
ing out fuch Ships as could quickly be made ready to
ride before the Coaft of Holland^ made Hafte to pre-
fent himfelf to the King, and to the Queen his Mo-
ther, who was ready to begin her Journey to France^
and had ftayed Ibme Days to fee the Success of the
naval Fight, and afterwards to fee the Duke; and
within few Days after his Arrival her Majefty left the
Kingdom.

And now the Whifper began in the Duke's V^mjXyrujutfm
of the Realbn, why the Vi&ory after fo great Advan- ^^^
tages had not been purfued with that Vigour xhdXfi^^iZ
might have made it more deftruftive to the Enemy ^'••^
than it proved to be. The Mafter of the Duke's Ship

(Captain ) purfued his Orders very punctually

after the Duke was gone to Sleep, and kept within a
juft Diftance of the Dutch Fleet that remained in Order
together, for many fled in Confufion and fingly to
that Part of the Coaft that They thought They knew
beft \ and many of them were taken. But the Duke
was no fooner in Sleep, but Mr. Brounker of his Bed"*
chamber, who with wonderful Confufion had fufbtin-
cd the Terrour of the Day, refolved to prevent the like
on the Day fucceeding. He firft went to Sir fUlliam
Pin, who commanded the Ship, and told him, ^^ that
*^ He knew well how miraculoufly the Duke was pre-
•• ferved that Day, and that They ought not farther to
** tempt God " wifhcd him to remember, " that the
^^ Duke was not only the King's Brother but the Heir
«* Apparent of the Crown, and what the Confequencc

Vol. II. LI "would

F!e^

514 ^^^ Continuation of the Life cf

" would be if He (hould be loft. And thencrrc i
** would concern him not to fufitr the Duke's kacw
^^ and notorious Courage to engage him in a oei
•' Danger, which He would infallibly be cxpckd s
*' the next Morning, if They continued to make i
•* much Sail as They did, and to keep ib near m
•* Dutchy who fled, but if They were preiled and i;
** Defpair would fight as ftoutly as They had done ii
*' the Beginning. And therefore He defired and ad
•' vifed him to give the Matter Order to flackcn tii
" Sails, that the Dutch might get what Ground Thr
** could, to avoid a farther Ejicounter.** Pen aa
fwered him honeftly, and told him, *^ He durft givi
** no fuch Orders except He had a Mind to be hanged
** for the Duke had himfelf given politive Chaigc 0
•' the contrary/*

Mr. Brounker^ when He could not prevail there
confidently went to the Matter of the Ship, who was 21
honett and a ftout Man, and carefully kept the Sicer
age himfelf that He might be fure to cblcrve the Or
der He had received from his Highnefs, and told him
*' that it was the Duke's Pleafure that He fliould flad
** the Sails without taking Notice of it to any Man.'
Whereupon the Matter did as He was commanded
making no Doubt that a Servant fo near the Perfon oi
his Highnefs, and in fo much Favour with him,
would not have brought fuch an Order without diM
Authority.

And by this Means the Remainder of the Flcci
cfcaped, which otherwife would probably have been al
taken : For it was afterwards known, that there wa!
fuch a Confufion amongtt the Officers, that Nobod)
would obey ; for though in Truth the Right of com-
manding, according to the Courfe obferved amongfl
them, after the Death oiOpdam was in the Vice-Admi-
ral of Zealand^ yet. He being likewife killed, the odici
could not agree. But young Trump the Son of the old
famous Admiral, who had behaved himfelf very brave-
ly all the Day, challenged the Command in the Righr

of

Edward £^r/ g/' Clarendon, &c. 515

of Holland \ hm John Evert/on of Zealand^ Brother to
him that waS killed, required it as his Right : Which
begat fo great an Animofity as well as Confufiori
amongft them, that the Morning, if They had been
purfued, would in all Probability have proved as tdif-
mal to theni as the Day before had done.

But the Duke never fufpefted this, nor did any
prcfume to tell him of it, which made many Men pre-
lume that it was done with Privity of Mr. Coventry^ not
only for the great Friendfhip between him ^ndJBroun-
keTy but becaufe both Pen and the- Matter were fo filent
when the Duke was To much troubled the next Morn-
ing : Nor did the Duke come to hear of it till fome
Years after,' when Mr. Brounker^s ill Courfe of Life
and his abominable Nature had rendered him fo odious,
that it was taken Notice of in Parliament, and upon
Examination found to be true, as is here related ; up-
on which He was expelled the Houfe of Commons,
whereof He was a Member, as an infamous Perfon,
though* his Friend Coventry adhered to him, and ufed
many indireft Arts to have protedted him, and after-
wards procured him to have more Countenance from
the King than moft Men thought He deferved, being
a Perfon throughout his whole Life never notorious
for any Thing but the higheft Degree of Impudence^
and ftooping to the moft infamous Offices, and play-
ing very well at Chefs, which preferred him more
than the moft virtuous Qualities could have done.

With this Viftory a new vaft Charge and Expenfe
( befide the repairing the hurt Ships, Mafts and Rig-
ging, and fitting out new Ships of War, and buying
more Fireftiips) appeared, that was never forefeen or
brought into any Computation •, which was a Provi-
fion for fick and wounded Men, which amounted to
fo great a Number upon all the Coaft, that the Charge
amounted in all Places, notwithftanding the. general
Charity of the People, and the Convenience that many
Hofpitals yielded, to above two thoufand Pounds the
Week for fome Weeks, and though lefs afterwards by

L 1 2 the

5i6 ^lie Contimuuim of the Life of

the Deativ and Recovery of many, yet condnued vciy
great ; befides the Charge of keeping the IhUch Pri-
toners, which were above two thoufand, and every
Day increafed.
ru^gtm The Duke was very impatient to repair and fet out
Mathe^m- the Fleet ag^ to Sea, and refolved Nothing more
l^Jtftin ^^ ^o 8^ ^ Perfon* again to command it, his Fa-
H^agmn. ^^^ remaining ftill on Board, and preparing fuch
Things as'were wanting for his Accomniodation : But
the Queen Mother had prevailed with the King atf^'
parting to promife her, " that the Duke ihouki not
" go again m Perfon in that Expedition \^ which was
concealed from the Duke, his Majefty believing that
the Confidence of his Royal Highnefs's going contri-
buted very much to the fetting out the Fleet, as it did
fb much, that but for that, it had been impoflible to
have procured fb much Money as was with infinite
Difiiculty procured, to fatisfy the Expenfes of fo many
Kinds, whereof many had been unthought of. And
towards this there was a Benefit that flowed from a
Fountain of extreme Mifcry, which was the Incrcafe
of the Plague, which fpread (b faft that the King's
(laying fo long in Town was very dangerous. Yet the
Approach of this great Calamity, that in other Rc-
ibcfts produced great Mifchiefs, advanced the prefent
Enterprife : For all People who had Money knew not
what to do with it, not daring to leave it in their Houfes
where They durft not ftay themfelves \ fo that They
willingly put it into the Bankers Hands, who fupplied
the Kmg upon fuch Affignations as the late A6b of
Parliament and other Branches of the King's Revenue
would yet bear.
7%r French AiiD if at this Time the French Ambafladours had
-^^^^M^rf purfued their Office of MecKation, it is very probable
^^ornT/^o/that it might have been withSuccefs. For befides the
mMtiiFmct. great Lofs the Dutch had received in the Battle and \n
their being deprived of fo many of the Merchants Shifs^
the Factions were irreconcilable in the Fleet : There
were many Officers who had behaved themfelves vciy

hafcfr

/

Edward Earl of Clakevd ok, &c. 517

bafcly and cowardly in the A<aion, but They knew
not how to punifti them ; Evertfon and Trumps who
^erc their beft Seamen, would not fubmit to be com-
manded by each other; the People were ready to rife
upon Be ff^ty upon whom They looked as the Occa-
fion of the War, and cried aloud for Peace. And the
Fa&ion amongft the States themfelves was very vifible :
All the other complained bitterly againft the Province
of Hollandj ** which," They faid, "had engaged them
** in a War againft their Will and without their Pri-
•* vity, which was dire£Uy coatrary to the Form and
•' Conftitution of their Government.** In a Word,
Peace was univer&lly defired and prayed for ; and in
jthe Opinion of all Men, any reafonable Conditions
would at that Time have been yielded to. And as the
People of England generally had not been pleafed with
the beginning the War, {o the Court was weary of it ;
and the King would have been willing to have received
any good Overtures for the compofing it, and the
Puke, fince He was kept from bearing a Part in it,
woul4 not have oppofed it. But the Ambafiadours
prefled no fuch Matter, but congratulated the Viftory
with the fame Joy They found in the Court, and
feemed to think that any Misfortune that could befall
the Dutch would be but a juft Punilhment for their
Pride and Infolence towards sdl their neighbour Princes :
The two Nations had not yet worried themfelves e-
nough, entirely to fubmit to the Arbitration of France ;
which it refolved They fhould do.

Within lefs than a Month the Fleet was again pre^neF/tet
pared and ready for the Sea, as ftrong and in as good^^^^"
a Condition as it had been before the Battle ; and the
King and the Duke went thither, the Duke making no
Doubt of putting his Perfon on Board. And the Kin^
at that Time refolved that Prince Rupert and th^ Earl
of Sandwich fhould have the joint Command of it : In
order to which Prince Rupert was prepared, of whofe
eafy Concurrence only there was fome Doubt, his Ma-
jcfly promifing himlelf all Conformity and Refigna-

L 1 3 tion

5i8 T^he Continuation of the Life of

tion from the Earl of Sandwich ; which He met with
in Both, for the Prince very cheerfully fubmitted to
his Majefty's Pleafure. In the Journey the King ac-
quainted his Brother with his Reiblution, and the
Prornife He had made to the Queen their Mother;
,with which the Duke was much troubled, and offcredM
many Reafons to divert his Majefty ixova laying his
Command upon him : But when He found there was
no Remedy, He fubmitted, and gave Orders for dif-
embarking his Family and Goods.

But. when this was communicated to Mr. Coventry^
who was to prepare fuch Commiflions and Warrants as
upon this Alteration of Counfek were neceflary. He
perjuaded the Duke, and prevailed with him to believe,
*' that it would be much better to commit the folc
*' Command of the Fleet to the Earl of Sandwich^
*' than to join Prince Rupert in it with him," who,
for no other Reafon but for not efteeming him at the
Rate He valued himfelf, had been long in his Disfa-
vour. He fuggcfted fome Dcfedls in the Prince, which
Nobody could abfolve him from, and which the gentie
Temper of the Earl of Sandwich^ who knew him as
well as the other, could have complied with: And
many thought it would have in the Conjunction pro-
duced a very good Mixture, the Danger from the
Prince being too fudden Refolutions from too much
Heat and Pa(rion,and the Earl having enough of Phkgol
and Warinefs in deliberating, and much Vigour in the
executing what was concluded ; and They were Both
well prepared and inclined to perform the.Fun&ion.

But Mr. Coventrfs Advice prevailed both with the
Duke and King : And fo in the Inftant that the King
and Duke were to return from the Fleet that was ready
to fet Sail v/ith the fii ft fair Wind, and not till then, the
King told Prince Rupert^ without enlarging upon the
Reafons, *' that He would have him to return with him
*' to London^ and accompany him this Summer, and that
" the Earl of Sandwich ftiould have the fole Command
^* of the Fleet ;" with which the Prince was wonder-

Edward Earl 5/* Clarendon, &c. 519

fully furprifcd and perplexed and even heart-broken^
bat there was no contending. He ftayed behind the
King only till He could get his Goods and Family
difembarked, and then returned with very much
Trouble to the Court : And the Earl of Sandwich fet iheFkapm
Sail with the Fleet, with Direftion firft to vifit the^l^jj'
Coaft of Holland^ and if He found that the Dutch tfsgDdwkiu
Fleet was not ready to come out, that He (hould go
to the Northward to watch the Eaft-lndia Fleet, which
had Orders from their Superiours to come by the
Norths that They might avoid the Engli/h Fleet, that
was Matter of the Sea.

It was in the End of June or Beginning of July that
the King and Duke returned from the Fleet; and
within few Days after, it fet Sail : When the Plague
increafed fo faft, that there died about two thoufand
in a Week 5 fo that all Men cried out againft the
King's flaying fo long at Whitehall^ the Sicknefs being
already in JVeftminfter. Whereupon the King, after ?:&, a7^^ ^.
He had taken the beft Care He could with the Lord 'J^^ '^^^
Mayor for the good ordering the City, and publiflicd com «"i*.
fuch Orders as were thought neceffary for the Relief ^jr**/'^
and Regulation of infefted Perfons, and prevailed '^'
with fome Juftices of the Peace in the Strand and in
Weftminjier to promife to refide there (which They were
the more eafily perfuaded to do by the General's de-
claring that He would ftay in his Lodgings at Wkite^
hall^ which 'He did during the whole Time of the
Peftilence ; and the Lord Cr^w« out of Friendlhip t(i
him ftayed likewife in his Houfe in Drury-Lane: And
it cannot be denied that the Prefenceof thofe two great
Perfons prevented many Mifchiefs which would have
fallen out by the Diforder of the People, and was of
great Convenience and Benefit to that End of the
Town) : I fay, when the King had fettled all this He.
removed to Hampton^ refolving there to confider how
to difpofe of himfelf for the Remainder of the Summer.:
And becaufe there were many Particulars ftill unre-
folved concerning the Bufincfs of Ireland^ his Majefty

for

520 ^be Continuation of the Life of

for fome Days appointed that numerous Pec^fe, that(i7i)
They might have no Pretence to come to Hamftm-
Courts to attend at Sion ; where for many Days toge-
ther his Majefly fpent many Hours, till He had com-
pofed that Afikir as well as it was for the prefent
capable of.

The Plague ftill increafed at London^ and fpread
about the Country ; fo that it was not thought fafe
for the Court to remain longer where it then was,
the Sicknefs being already in fome of the adjacent
ViUagjs. Whereupon the King refolvcd that his
own Family and his Brother's fliould remove to Sakf-
hury^ and fpend the Summer there. And becaufe it
was already in View, that it would not be fit for the
Parliament to aflemble again at Wefiminftcr in Septm-
her^ to which Time it was prorogued, nor could it
be computed at what Time it could be (afe to meet
in that Place ; and it was as notorious that if the
Parliament met not fomewhere, whereby the King
might have another Supplv before the Winter, there
would be very great ConiuHon for Want of Money :
He caufed therefore a Proclamauon to iflue out,
^ThtTmju^ **that He intended to adjourn the Parliament to
2f^^2]3["meet at Oxford upon the tenth of OSobcr next,
•* and that the Members need not to attend at Wtfi-
^^minfier in September.** And then He diredcd the
Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, who lived with-
in Half a Day of LondoHy and the General and the
Lord Craven^ to give Notice to the Members of
Both Houfes, who lived within that Diftance, to be
prefent in Both Houfes at the Day to which They
were prorogued, and then to adjourn to Oxford ac-
cording to the Proclamation. And this being fetded,
his Majefty appointed a Day for beginning his Pro-
grefs from HamptothCourt IQ Salijbury\ againft which
Time all Carriages and whatfoevcr was necefiary for
the Journey were prepared.

I N the Morning, when every Body bclipved that
the King and Qucco and Puke and Dutchefs, wid^

Both

Edward Earl ^/^ Clarendon, &c. ^zi

Both their Families, were to go together one Way,
Mr. Coventry found a Way to break that Refolution, Jifr, WtCo-
having no Mind to be in fp great a Court that his^^^'
Greatnefs would not appear. He told the Duke, />»irft>>i^
** that there were general Difcontents throughout the ^y^JST^
•* Kingdom •,** which was true, *' and a Probability of
" Infurredtjons," which were much fpoken of and
^ppr^h?ndffd; "and therefore it might be better that
** the king and the Duke might not be together,
" but in feveral Places, that They might draw what
** Forces were neceflary to them, which the Prefencc
•* of their own Perfons would cafily do : That the
** Fleet would probably be all the Summer upon the
?* Northern Coaft in Expc&ation of the Dutch Eaji-
^^ Ifkiia Fleet '/* for it was not then thought that the
Hollanders would have beei) able to have let out ano-
ther Fleet able to have encountered ours. Upon n
the whol,e Matter He propofcd to him, " that fmce
** the King meant to fpend the Sumtper in the ff^e^^
*' with whijch there could very hardly be any Correl-
** ppndence from the Fleet, nis Highnefs fhould go
*' into the Ncrfb and refide at Torii by which He
** would have an Influence upon all thofe Parts where
*' the moft difaflfefted Perfons were moft inhabitant,
•* and from Hull and thofe maritime Parts He could
**not be long without fecpiving fome Intelligence
"from the Fleet."

The Truth is ; the Constitution of the Court at
this Tinie was fuch, the Prevalence of the Lady {o
great, and the Queen's Humour thereupon fo in-
conflant, and all together fo difcompofed the King,
that there was i\o Pl^afpre in being a Part of it :
And therefore th^ Advijre wa$ ^ foon embraced,
as given, by the Duke m^ his Wife, who were
well content to enjoy themfelvcs in their own Fa-
mily apart. And the Duke prefently propofed it to
the King, and Mr. Coventry difcourfed all the Mo-
4)tives to him fo fully that his Majefty approved it.
And then, if it were to be dpne at all, the firfl at-
tending

522 TTse Continuation of the Life of

tending the King to Salijbury^ which was fo much
out of the Way, would be to no Purpofe : And
therefore it was rcfolved ( all the Coaches and Car-
riages being then at the Doors to go to Farnbam^
9^j0j[^r*. which was the firfl: Day's Journey towards Salijburj]^
J[2J* that the King and his Brother would part upon the
Place, and that the King and Queen Ihould continue
their Purpofe for Farnham^ and the Duke and his
Wife fliould go that Night to iS/. Albans^ and fo pro-
fecute his Journey for Tork ; and all Orders were in
the Infta«it given out to this Purpofe.

Whether the Reafons of this Counfel were of
Importance or not, the Alteration on fuch a fudden
from what had been before determined was thought
very ftrange, and wondered at, and made many be-
lieve that fomc Accident was fallen out that muft not
be difcovered : For on the fudden it was, there hav-
ing been no fuch Thought Overnight, when the Chan-
cellor left the Court to go to his own Houfe at ^wtck-
enbam. And when He returned the next Morning,
the Refolution was taken, and every Body well pleafcd
with the Change, and both the King and the Duke
told him with Satisfaftion of it ; nor did He under-
ftand it enough to make Objeftions againft it, which
would have been ingrateful ; nor was it convenient
to fpend longer Time in Deliberation at that Place,
where feme of the inferiour Servants had died the
Night before of the Plague : And fo They all entered
upon their Journey by Nine of the Clock the fame
Mornins:.
rbeBjfh^of It is neceflary in this Place to remember, that

^^t^iZ' ^he Exprefs, that had been fent by the Bilhop of
^tbe Munfter*s Agent with the Conditions which were of-
^dS ^^ fered by the King, returned with great Expedition,
and brought the Bifliop's Acceptation and Engage-
ment, " that, upon the Payment of the firft Sum
*' that was agreed upon. He would draw his Army
" together, and march with an Army of twenty
" thoufand Horfe and Foot into- the States Domi-

*' nions."

Edward Earl ^ CLARENDbN, &c. 523

^' nions." And the King before He left London had
figned the Treaty, and made the firft Payment, and
provided for the fecond : So that He now expefted
that the Bifhop fhould be fhortly upon his March,
and fixWs Winter-Quarters in thofe Provinces -,> which
He did refolve and intend with Courage and Sinceri-
ty, and which in that Conjunfture muft have put
the Counfels of Holland into great Confufion, when
they began to be again reduced into fome Order.

Thb indefatigable Induftry and Dexterity of thei>wit^.
Penfionary Ik Wtt prevailed with the States to be--D^h^/!re.
lieve, " that He thought a Peace to be neceflary {orp^rtMuUr
"their Affairs, and defired Nothing but that it''^'*'
"might be jupon honourable and fafe Conditions,
** and thsiV France was very real in the endeavouring
*' it : But that the Enemy was fo infolent upon their
"late Succefs, that They neglefted all Overtures,
** and believed that the Faftions and Divifions a-
** mongft themfelves would hinder them from being
** able to fet out another Fleet •, and therefore that
"ought to be the firft Defign: And 'if their Fleet
**were ready to go out. He doubted hot but a
*' Peace would quickly follow : For that France was
" engaged, if the King fhould not confcnt to \^rhat
*' is juft ajid reafonable, to declare a War againft
*' England, and to affift them with Men and Money,
** and all his own naval Power, which the Duke of
*' Beaufort was then preparing and making ready in
^' all the Ports of France. But that it was not to
*' be expefted that They would fend out their Fleet,
*' which was much inferiour to the Englijb^ except
** They firft faw a Dutch Fleet at Sea ready to join
♦*with them." He wifhed them to confidcr "how.
•* much They were all concerned in their India Ships,
** which were in their Voyage, and could not be far
!)^' from their Coafts in a ifeort Time ; all which would
"inevitably fall into the Hands of the Englijb^ if
♦* They had no Fleet at Sea to relieve them/*

Th ese

52^ l^be Continuation of the Life rf

These Realbns, of Weight in themlelves, -and the
Concernment of moft of them in the Preiervation of
the InMan Ships, prevailed with them to do all that
could be done to fet out a new Fleet : And to that
Purpofe They fent very ftrift and fcvcrc Orders to
their feveral Admiralties, for the proceeding againft
all, without Diftin6tion of Perfons, who had mifbe-
haved themfelves in the late Battle, and to provide
new Ships and all neceflary Provifions, to the End that
their Fleet might be at Sea by a Time. And this
grew the more eafy to them, by the feafbnable Return
of De Bjuyter with his Fleet ixom Guinea^ which brought
a prefent Addition of good Strength ; and He had be-
gan the War upon the Englijby and was the beft Sea-
Qfficer They had, and had exercifed thofe Commands
that no other Officer could refufe to obey him.
TkDotch For the fpeedy carrying on thefe prefent Prcpara-
ZIh^SS^ ttons. They made, according to their ufual Cuftom in
Ntvjf. f xtraordiaary Occurrences, Committees of the Stata
to afTift in the Admiralties of Zealand^ Amfterdam^ and
Rotterdam : and to that Purpofe Be Wit^ and fuch
other as He thought fitted at this Time to join with
him, were appointed. They went firfl: to the Fleet to
reform the Diforders there : And though They durft
not proceed with that Severity as had been fit, yet
They cafliiered many Captains and other Offi;cers, and
put fomc other Marks of Difgrace upon others, and
caufed one or two to die.
Dc wifi But that which Be Wifs Heart was moft fet upon was
^T^p! ^^ ^^^ Revenge upon Van trumps and to remove him
' from ever having any Command at Sea : For though
He was an excellent Officer, and upon the Stock of
his Father's Credit of great Eftimation with the Sea-
men, and inferiour to no Man but Be Rttfttr^ and had
behaved himfelf in the Battle with fignal Courage;
yet his Difpute with Evertfon upon Command had
brought much Prejudice to them. But that which was
worft of all and inccnfed Be Wit implacably was, that

He

Edward Earl of Clarendon, &c. 525

He was of entire Devotion to the Prince of OrMgij as
his Feather had always been and all his Children con^^
dnued to be, and He knew well had an efpedal Part^
how covertly foever, in fomenting the Murmurs of the
Peof)le againft him and the War : And He refolved to
take this Opportunity of the good Temper the States
were in in their Concurrence for the fetting out the
Fleets not only to provide for the better Government
of their Ships and marine Condudi:, but to punifli and
prevent the Murmurs at Land, by removing all thofe
out of any Power whom He fuipedted to have fecretly
contributed to them. He did all He could to make
Van Trump* s Offence capital, as if the Right of Conl^^
mand had been fo clear in Ever tf on that the other could
not difpute it : But Van Trump defended himfelf fo well
and had fo many Friends, that He was ahiblved from
that Guilt. Yet for fome paffionate and indifcreet
Words, in which He did naturally abound. He was
deprived of his Command, with a Declaration ^^ that
** He ihould no more be employed in the Service of
** the States •,** which whilft the Government was in
thofe Hands He cared not for, and had a good Eftate
to fubiaft without it. And fo for the prefent all Differ-
ences were compofed fo far, as to have a general Con-
currence in whatfoevcr was neceflary, and in order to
the making ready and fetting out their Fleet to Sea.

The King had been few Days at Salijbury before the rtt ncnch
French and Spamjh Ambailadours arrived there, and f^^^f'^
then They made fome Inftance with the King, that 4m£^
there might be a Treaty for Peace ; and the French *^**'-
Ambafladours declared, ^' that the King their Mafter
^^ was fo far engaged by Treaty with the Dutch^ that
^^ if the King would not accept of a juft and an ho-
76)" nourable Peace, his Majefty mull declare himfelf on
** their Behalf, which He was unwilling to do/* The
King anfwered, " that if there were any fuch Engage-
•* ment He had not been well dealt with j for that the
" French King had given his Word to him, that He

** would

526 '^e Hmtinuatiott of the Life of

«« would not enter into awf treaty with the Dutch hut pari
" paflii with bisMajeJif* ( and when his Majefty had
been informed that there was fome Treaty concluded
with them^ He was aflbred from France " that it was
** only a Treaty of Commerce, which He had been
*' obliged to enter into to prevent an Edift in Holland^
*' by which ftrong Waters and other French Commo-
*'.dities would have been inhibited to be brought into
** thofe Provinces^ but that there was Nothing in that
*' Treaty that could be to his Majefty's Prejudice"):
*' That his Majefty had been always ready to embrace
*' Peace, which had been never yet offered by the
*' Dutchj nor did He know what Conditions They
"expeded;''

The Ambaffadours feemed to be much offended
with the infolent Behaviour of the Dutch ; and con-
feffed " that They were not felicitous for Peace, but
•' only defired to engage the King their Matter in the
•' War: But that if his Majefty would make his De-
** mands, which They prefumed would be reafonable,
** the other (hould be brought to confent to them."
To which the King replied, " that They had begun
*' the War upon him and not He upon them, and that
" God had hitherto given him the Advantage, which
" He hoped He fliould improve ; and till They were
"as dcfirous of Peace as He, it would not become
" him to make any Propofitiohs.'* And in this Man-
ner that Affair ftood whilft the Court remained at
Salijhury.

And there now fell out an unexpeded Accident,
which looked as if Providence had been inclined to re-
pair the Mifchief and the Damage that the Plague had
produced to the Affairs of the King. It hath been
mentioned before, that upon the firft Thoughts of a
War with the Dutcb^ the King had fent Mr. Henry
Coventry to Sweden^ and Sir Gilbert Talbot to Denmark^
to engage thofe Crowns as far as might be on his Ma-
jefty's Behalf, Both of them being enough difobliged
and provoked by the Dutch.

Mr.

Edwarp Earl of Clarendon, &c. 527

. . Mr, Coventry in Sweden found a frank and open Re- Suca/s^fMr.
ccption, avowing a hearty Affcdjtion to the King, and "^^.J^^.
an Inclination to join in .any Thing that might not bc^/5^«Swe.
deftrudive to their own Affairs : Nor did They diflem-'^"'
ble the Injuries They had received from the Hollander
even to the Dutch Ambaffadour himfelf, who was at
the fame Time fent thither to unite that Crown to their
Intercft, to which Purpofe He had. made feveral fpe-
cious Overtures. Nor did They conceal the Jealoufy
They had of the French^ who had not complied with
the payment of the yearly Sum of Money which They
were obliged to n?ake to them for the Support of their
Army, of which They were in a great Arrear, that
difcompofed their Affairs very much. And though
M. Pompone^ who had been long Refident in that Court
as an Envoy, was now come thither as Ambaffadour
frem France^ and brought with him a good Sum of
Money to retain them faft to their Dependence upon
them ) yet the Money was not Half that was due to
them, and They well knew what dark Ends it was
for : And They did exceedingly fear the Omnipotence
of France.

There were two Things, which kept them from a
full Declaration on the King's Behalf, and engaging
prefently in his Intereft. The firft was the Apprehen-
fion that They had of Denmark^ that it would take this
Opportunity to unite themfelves more firmly to the
Hollander J and fo attempt to deprive Sweden of all their
late Conqueft, which was confirmed to them by their
77)own Treaty of Copenhagen^ which They were refolved
never to part from : And in this Particular They were
to exped fome Satisfaftion and Security from the Ne-
gotiation of Sir Gilbert Talbdt. The other was, that
They might fee the Bilhop of Munjier full engaged,
upon whofe Expedition They had much Expeftation.
And Mr. Coventry had informed them of that whole
Agreement, which would have given them Opportu-
nity to have profccuted their own Defign upon Bremeny
to which their Hearts were moft devoted.

Sir

528 ^be Continuation of the Life of

AndffSh^ S I R Gilbert Talbot had been as well received in 2)«-
£S^£1: ^^rky with all the Profeffions imaginable of Aflfeaion
to the King, and of their Deteftation of the Ditfti,
who in Truth had exercifed a ftrangc Tyranny over
them by the Advantage of their Neceffitics ; nor is the
Injuftice, Oppreflion and Indignities which They had
fuftained from them to be expreflcd and defcribcd,
without entering into a large Difcourfe of Particulan
which are foreign to this Relation : Let it fuffice, ihit
there needed few Arguments to perfuade that King to
any Thing that was within his Power, and whid
would have done fignal Mifchief to the Dutch. But
the Truth is, the Kingdom Was very poor, the Pcopk
unwarlike, the King himfelf very good and very wok,
jeatous of all the great Men, and not yet recovered of
the Fright that fVolfelt had put him into. His chief
Minifter, one GabeU^ had gotten his Credit by having
been his Barber, an illitetate and unbred Man, yet his
fole Confident in his Bufinefi of greatcft Truft ; which
made all the Perfons of Quality in the Kin^om, who
are as proud of their Nobility as any Nation, full of
Indignation. And They were able to crofe many Rc-
folutions after they were taken, though They could pot
eftablilh others in the Place -, which made the King
very irrefolutc and unfixed : So that what was con-
cluded To-day was revcrfed or not purfued To-mor-
row. They profeflcd a great Jealoufy of the Sweie^
as the greateft Argument, but their Weakncfs, againft
a War with the Dutch 5 yet were not willing to pro-
pofe any Expedients which might fecure them againft
thofe Jealoufies. And the King abfolutely denied that
He had ever given Hannibal Zefted Authority to de-
clare, " that He would again confirm the Treaty He
** had made ;*' and feemed to take it unkindly that his
Majefty fliould think it rcafonable,who therefore thought
it fo, bccaufe it was propofed by himfelf, and becaufc
He ftill confeffcd, "that He could make no Attempt to
•• recover what He had parted with." That which
He did unreafonably defign, in all the Difguifes which

were

Edward Earl ^Clarendon^ ^c. 599

nmre put cm was ta eogsige the King to endeavour to
pcifua4e the Swid^ to giv« vp and reflore Elfenon and
tito other Places toJknmarkj or to aflift him with Forc«
fyc the Recovery of thein whm there ihould be a Peac«
concluded with Holland: So that the King defpaired of
My Good ftoxn that Negotiation, and refolved £bort^
to recall his Minifter from thence.

B y T there was on a fudden a Change to Wonder.
Gahell came earlv in a Morning to Sir Gtibert Talbot^
sttd toW him, " his Mafter was now refolved to unite
^ bU Intereft entirely to that of the King of EngUn^
^^ having now an Opportunity to do it iecurely to Both
•Vtbeir Bei:icfit3."! Hp told him, "that there were
** Letters arrived, that Night from Bergen^ with News Afiam-euitr
»* that the DfackEa/t'^ma Ships were all arrived in^;^«J^
** that Port with O^ers to remain there till They re- «6c Dutch at
** ceived n(8w Orders from Holland^ which They Ihould®*^
** have as foon as their Fleet Ihould be ready to joiji
'^ with them. This had difpofed the King to refolve
^* to give the Kiijg of England Opportunity to pofle&
*• himfelf erf all that TrcSlire, out of which He pre-
^ fumed He would allow him fuch a Share, as might
^^ enable him to declare, and ajTift his Majefty vigo^
" roufly in his War agamft the Dutck That if He
78}** gave fjpeedy Notice to the King's Fleet, which every
^' Body knew wiis then at Sea, it might eafily gO to
•* Bergtn^ where They might as eafily iurprife aU thofe
•'Ships in the Port, fince They (hould receive ^p
•* Oppofition from the Caitics under whofe Prote^Ution
•'they lay/'

And when He had done his Relation, He oS^ral
him to go with him to the King, that He might r9-
ceive the Obligation from himfelf; which Sir Gtihrt
'Talbot prefently did, and found hi3 Majefty as cheerful
in the Refoludon as Gab^U had been. He repeated idl
tiiat the other had faid, and more particularly *' that
*' He thought it reafonable that He might CTpeft HaJf
" of the Value that the Whole would amount to; which
5^ He would rely upon the Kingfs Honour and Ju^e
Vol. II. Mm [^iov^

530 ^be Continuation of the L^e of

« for, after the Ships fhould be in England^ that He
"might not be fufpeftcd by the Hollander^ iov He
*^ would proteft againft the Adt as a Violence that He
** could not refift : And that He would.expedt fo many
** of his Majcfty's Ships to arrive in Denmarkj and to
" aflift him, before He pofitively declared againft the
•< Dutcbr He wiflied Sir Gilbert Talbot " to fend an
^* Exprefs forthwith to the King with all thefe Pard-
^* culars ;** which He did the next Day.

This Exprefs arrived within few Days after the
King came to Salijhuryy and was difpatched prefently
back again with Letters to the King of Denmark of his
Majefty's Confent and Hatificaticm of all that He had
propofed, and with Letters likewife to the Earl of
Sandwich^ who according to his former Orders had
failed Northward in Hope to meet with that Fleet;
which was before got into Norway. The King's Let-
ters to him came in a very good Seaibn, and He im-
mediately continued hisCourfe for Norway: And when
He came to that Length, and near enough to that
Land of Rocks which are terrible to all Seamen, He
thought it bed to remain at Sea with his Fleet, left
De Rtiyier might by this Time be come out with
his Fleet (fince his being come Northward could not
be concealed, nor the Arrival of the Eaft-India Fleet
at Bergen •, which would haften the other), and fent in a
Squadron of fifteen or fixteen good Ships (of Strength
fi^ficient for the Bufinefs) into the Harbour of Bergen
-with a Letter to the Governour. And with it He fent
a Gentleman that was a Volunteer on Board him, who
hath been often mentioned before, Mr. Clifford^ the
Confident of the Lord Arlingtonj who was well in-
ftrudled in all the Tranfaftions which had been at Co-
penhagen. Before They went into the Harbour, Mr.
Clifford and another Gentleman or two went by Bozi to
the Town, where He found all the Dutch Ships (about
a Dozen in Number) riding very near the Shore, and all
under the Proteftion of the Cattle, into which They
had put much of their richeft Lading from the Time

of

Edward JB^/g/* Clarendon, (^r. " 531

of their firft coming thither, as to a Place of unqutf-
tionable Security.

Thb Govemour was not furprifed with theMeflcngers
or the Letter^ as appeared by the Reception of Both, but
ieemed troubled that They were come fo foon, before
the Manner of performing the A6lion was enough ad-
jufted: He could not deny but " that He had received
** Orders from Copenhagen 5 but that He expefted mortf
*' perfeft Direftions within four and twenty Hours^
** and expedted likewife the Prefence of the Vice-King
** of Ncnvay^ who was his fuperiour Officer^ and would
** infallibly be there the next Day.*' The Behaviour
of the Man was fuch as made them believe it fincere^
as in Truth it was, for He meant well, and was con-
tent that the Ships, which though they were not come
into the Port did not ride fafe amongft the Rocks,
ihould come into the Port upon Aflurance that They
would not attempt any hoftile A6t without his Con-
fent, which- was till all Things Ihould be agreed
79) between them : And fo the Fleet entered; which the
Dutch perceived with great Confternation, yet changed
the Pofture of Ibme of their Ships, and new-moored
the reft, and put themfelves upon their Defence.

It is a Port like no other that the World knows,
a very great Number of formidable Rocks, between
each of which the Sea runs deep enough for the great-
eft Ships to ride fecurely ; fo that the Ships were as in
fo many Chambers apart between the Rocks : And the
Dutchy which came thither firft, had poffeffed them-
felves of that Line of the Sea that lay next to the
Shore, to which They lay fo near that They could de-
fcend from their Veflels on Land •, which had been
much the better for the Enterprife, if the Dane had
concurred in it.

I T was fo late before the Englijh Ships had taken
their Places, which was as near the Dutch as the Rocks
would permit, that they remained quiet all Night,
which was fpent in Confukarion between the Com-
mander in Chief of the Englift) Ships (who was a ftout

M m 2 and

53* ^ Omtinuatim of the Life of

^d a good Officer but a rough Man^ who knew better
how to follow his Inflrudions than to debate the
Ground of them*, but He was advifed by Mr. Cliffifrd
and conformed to his Judgment) and the Govemour
q£ the Town and Callle, who feemed (till inclined not
only to fufier the Englijb to do what They would, but
CO be willing to adl a Part in it htmfelf from the Shore,
and to expeft hourly Orders to that Purpofe, as like-
wife the Arrival of the Vice-King, whofe Authority
was more equal to that Attempt, and who was a Man
well known to have a particular Reverence for the
King, and as particular a Prejudice and Animofity
againft the Dutch. The Night being over, the Go-
vernour continued all the next Day as defirous and
importunate that the Enterpriie might be k>nger de^
ferred ; upon which there were fome cholerick Words
between the Govemour and a Gentleman of Quality
who was a Volunteer on Board the Ships, which many
thought in ibme Degree irreconciled the Govemour to
the Affair.

I N CoRclufion : The Commander of the Squaditin
was willing to think that the Govemour had rather it
(hould be done without his declared Confent than by
it, and fo told him, ^* that the next Nforning He was
" rcfolved to weigh his Anchors and to fall upon the
** Dutch '^ to which the other made fuch a Reply as
confirmed him in his former Imagination. And in
the Morning the Ships were brought out of their fe*
veral Channels, and placed as near the Sides of the
Dutch as they Could be, from whence They refolvcd
to board them as foon as They had fent their Broad-
fides upon them. But They found that the Duicb had
fpent their Time well ;. for in the two Da)rs and two
Nights that the Engliflj had been in the Harbour, be-
fides the unlading the richeft of their Commodities
that were left into the Caflle, They had drawn all
their Ordnance which lay on that Side of the Ships
which was to the Shore» on Land,, and planted then
tipo^ a rtfmg Ground, that They could flx)Q( over

their

Bdv'ARD Eari of CLA^EUD0S9 &c. ^^^

Aeir emu Ships upon the Englijb : And a Brcaftwork
wa$ CdiSt up, bcfaiod which aU the Inhabitants of the
Town wrrc in Arms^

It was a fair Warning, and might very well have ^beiiisyut^
perfaaded ow Men to be glad to retire out of the'-^"'
HarbouTt which yet They might have done : But their
Cburage or their Anger difpoted them to make farther
Trial of the Govcrnour, for They feaned not the Ord»
nance from thel^and which xhtJDutcb had planted, nor
the Mufl(£ts from the Breaftworks, if the Caftle did
theiQ no HannyUnder the Power of which They all were.
And fo They fell upon their Work : And in ibme
Time, and with the Lofs of many Men from the Ships
and fron^ the Land, They had dil'mounted many of
So)the Ordnance upon the Shore, and were even ready to
board the Ships \ when out of abfurd l^a^e or Acgi*
denta Ship or two of the E^li/b difchargedibme Guns
both upon ;he Breaftworks, from whence They had
ftceived no Prejudice, and upon the Town, which
faeat down ibme Houfes. But then all the Mufkets
ftom the Breaftworks were poured out, and Guns from
the Caftle, which killed very many common Men,
and iiKe or fix C^kers of yerj good Account, and
fome Gentlemen Volunteers, amongft which was Ed^
ipordMaimtague^ ekieft Son to the Lord Mount ague of
fioHgbian and Coufin German to the Earl of Sandwich^
fL proper Man and wellbred but not eafy to be pleafed,
^sod who was then withdrawn from the Court, where He
was Mafter of the Horfe to the Queen, and in fomc
pifcontent had put himfejf on Board the Fleet with a
Captain, without the Privity of the Earl of Sandwich^
and was now flain. There was now no farther Expe-
riment to be made, but how They could get to Sea,
which might eafily have been prevented from the Shore
and from the Rocks : But from the Minute that They
prepared to be gone and gave over (hooting, there was
no more done againft them, and They had Pilots from
^c Country that carried them fafe out,

M m 3 T«8

]

536 ^^ Qmtimatm of the Life of

noUr had undertaken to kdep the Vuivb Ships tfaene
for the Space of fix Weeks, for They defired to fee
Che Sutcefs of another Engagement between the two
Fleets-, the Earl fteered that Way with his Fleet thit
mofl: probably might bring him and De Rsgftcr toge-
ther, which above all Things He defired.
JJjj^^'* This whole Afiair of Beijen and the Managery
wp^ti^Af' th^eof was fo perplexed and intricate, that it was ne^
/«^ yer clearly underftood. That which feemed to hate
nsoft Probability was, that as foon as the Dutch Fleet
came to Bergen They had unladen many of their
richeft ComoKKlities and put them inft> the Caille, be-
fore the Governour had received his Orders from O-
penbagen: And lb both his own and his Mailer's Faidi
and Honour were engaged to difchaige the Trufl, of
iwhich He made Hi^fte to fend an Account to the
King, and thereupon expeded new Dire&ions, which
were not arrived when the EngUflj Fleet came thither,
^nd* when they did come, whether that Court accord-
ing to its Cuftom did change its Mind, and believe
They ihould make a better Bargain by keeping what
was already depofited in their Hands in the Caftle, thai
^ * .' by making an unoert:ain Divifiori with the King; or
/whether They did in Truth continue firm to the fiift
Agreement, and that the Meflenger was Hopped bj
extraordinary Accidents in his Jogrney (which vnts
pofitively alleged), fo that He did not arrive in
Time ; or whether the Governour was not able to
mafter the Town that was much inclined to the /£b/-
iandersy before the Vice-King came with his Troops,
who did make all pofiible Hafte as. foon as He heard
that the Englijh were arrived \ or whether the Ei^Bfk
did proceed more unadvifedly and raflily than They
ought to have done ; remains ftill in the Dark : And
Both Parties reproached each other afterwards, as
They found mod necei&ry for their fcvcral pefenccs
ri^Kin^and^^^ Pretences; of which more hereafter.
tuc^t rt^ The King ftayed not altogether fo long at Salijhrj
Zl " ^" w He had intended to have done : For bcfidcs a littk .

acci-

£dwar0 Earl of GlAhendon, &c. 537

accidental Indifpolition which made him diflike the
Air, fome inferiour Servants and their Wives came
from London or xbt Villages adjacent, and brought the
Plague with them ^ fo that the Court removed to
Oxford before the End of September^ the Parliament
being to aflemble there on the tenth of the next
{») Month. And before He left Salt/bury^ his Majefty
lent an Ezprefi to JTork to his Brother, '' that He
^ would meet him as foon as He could/* The Duke
had lived in great Luftre in Terk all that Summer^
with the very great Refpeft and continual Attendance
of all the Perfons of Quality of that large County i
And the Duke no fooner received his Majefty's Sum-
mons than He took Poft, and left his Wife and Fa«
mily to follow by ordinary Journeys, and himfelf came
to Oxford the next Day after the King, where there
were indeed Matters of the higheft Importance to be
confulted and relblved.

T H X King had fent Mr. Ctifford to Denmark to bo
fatisfied, upon Conference with Sir Gilbert Talbot^ con*
ceraing the Mifcarriage at Bergen^ and if the Ships re-
mained ftill there according to the Promife the Vice*
King had made, and if th^ King were ready to per-
form what He had undertaken, that all Particulars
might be fo adjufted that there might be no farthef
Miflake ; and if He found that the jealoufy of Sweden
was a real Obftru&k)n to that Alliance, that He
ihouid make a Journey to Sweden^ and upon Confe-^
rence with Mr. Coventry^ who by his Dexterity and
very good Parts had reconciled the AfFcAions of that
Court to a very great Efteem of him, endeavour to re-
move all thofe ObftrudHons : And as loon as his Ma^
jefly (hould receive fiAl Information of that whole
Afl&ir, He muft confider what He was to do to vin-
dicate himfelf in that Bufinefs of Bergen \ for He knew
well that He muft fuffer with all the World, for vio*
fating the Peace of a Port that was under the Govern-
ment of a neighbour Prince with whom He was allied,
if He did not make it appear that He had the Confenc

of

^38 The Continmtioh of tit Life of

of that Prince, which He was not willing to do till He
firft knew what that King would do.
jifrnthet I N the next Place his Majefty was to refblve what
mhttr Anfwer to make to the French Ambafladours, who now
TtwhAH' defired frequent Audiences, and pofitively declared,
*3^*^ •* that their Mailer was engaged by his Treaty with
" the Dutcbj that in Cafe They were invaded or af-
*' faulted by any Prince, He would aflift them with
^^ Men, Money and Ships, which He had hitherto
** deferred to do out of Refpeft to the King, and in
^Hope that He would accept his Mediation, and
*' make fuch Proportions towards Peace as He might
** prefs the others to cohfent to." The Dutch Amhof-
fadour was likewife come to Town, rather to treat
concerning the Prifoners and to obferve what tht French
Ambaffadours did, than that He had any Thing to
prc^fe in Order to Peace, there appearing now fince
their Fleet was at Sea more Infblence in the Dutchy and
a greater Averfion from the Peace, than had been
formerly.

Th£ King complained to the Ambaffadours of the
French King's Proceedings, " that the entering into
" that Treaty was exprefsly againft his Word given
" to the King : That the Dutch had firfl began the
*• War, and ought to make the firfl Approach to-
*< wards Peace, but that their Ambafladour had no
" Inflrudion to make any fuch Inflance ; and thcrc-
** fore it feemed very flrange to his Majefly, that the
" French King fhould prefs for that which They had
•' no Defire to have.**'

The Ambaffadours confeffcd "that the Dutch did
" not defire a Peace ; that They thought They were
•* too much behindhand, and that They had at prefent
" great Advantages -, that They looked upon the great
" Plague in London*' (which continued in its full Rage
and Vigour, infomuch as at that Time in the End of
Septefnber there died not fo few as fix thoufand in the
Week, amongft which fome were of the befl Quality
in the City) " as of fuch infupportable Damage to the

"King.

Edward Earl of Clarendon, G?r. 539

*' King, that He would not be able to fet out another
" Fleet the Year following : And thejrefore that, when
-'3)" They had been prefled by the -Fr^rfit King to make
*' fome Propofitions towards Peace, He could get no
** other Anfwcr from them, than that They expelled that
** the IJland of Poleroonc Jbould be releafed to tbem, and
** that tie Fort at Cabo Corfo in Guinea Jbould be thrown
** down and flighted^ which They confefled was an in-
•* {blent Propoficion. That They complained that the
•* Kif^ their Mafter^ inftead of giving them the AJfiftance
•* He was obliged to doj fpent the Time in procuring a
•* Peace^ which They cared not for : So that,** They
faid, " their Mafter continued the fame Chriftian Of-
*' fice principally to do his Majefty of Great Britain a
•* Service, who He in Truth believed would be rc-
•* duccd to great Streights by the terrible Effeft of the
^* Plague ; and in the next Place to defend himfelf
•* from entering into the War, which He could no
" longer defer to do, if his Majefly did not, by con-
" fenting to fome reafonable Overture, give him a
** juft Occafion to prcfs them to yield to it, and in that
" Cafe He would behave himfelf in that Manner that
** the King fliould have no Caufe to complain of his
" Partiality.** The King's Indignation was fo pro-
voked by the Pride and Impudence of the Dutch De-
mands, that He gave the Ambaffadours no other An-
fwer, than " that He hoped God Almighty had not
** fent that heavy Judgment of the Plague upon him
" and his People on the Behalf of the Hollanders^ and
** to expofe him to their Infolcnce.**

End of the YiK%T Volume z?//*^ Continuation.

I IIIJII mill-

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